Sirthenea (Sirthenea) flaviceps ( Signoret, 1860 )

Chłond, Dominik, 2018, A taxonomic revision of the genus Sirthenea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) of the Old World, Zootaxa 4520 (1), pp. 1-85 : 14-17

Sirthenea (Sirthenea) flaviceps ( Signoret, 1860)

( Figs. 15–27 , 170 , 190 , 194, 195 , Map 2)

Rasahus flaviceps Signoret, 1860: 960 . Syntype (s): Madagascar; NHMW.

Sirthenea flaviceps: Stål (1865: 114) .

Sirthenea flaviceps var. adelpha Horváth, 1909: 361 . Syntypes (♂, ♀): Madagascar: Antongil Bay; HNHM.

Sirthenea flaviceps var. lugubris Horváth, 1909:361 . Syntype (s) (♀): Madagascar: Bezanozano; MNHN.

Type material examined: Sirthenea flaviceps ( Signoret 1860) : Syntype, Ƌ: Madag. [handwritten] / Coll. Signoret. [printed]; flaviceps [handwritten] / det. Signoret [printed]; Sirthenea flaviceps Sign. [handwritten]; Typus / Rasahus / flaviceps Signoret, 1860 / etik. Hecher 1996 / Redv. 559/1 (NHMW). Sirthenea flaviceps ( Signoret 1860) var. lugubris Horváth, 1909 : Syntype, Ƌ: Museum Paris / Madagascar / Bezanozano / Coll. Noualhier 1898 [printed]; Type [printed on red label]; Sirthenea / flaviceps Sign. / var. lugubris Horv. / type Horváth [handwritten] (MNHN). Sirthenea flaviceps ( Signoret 1860) var. adelpha Horváth, 1909 : Syntype, Ƌ: Madagascar / Antongil B. / Mocquerys [printed]; flaviceps Sign. / var. adelpha Horv [handwritten]; Syntypus [printed, label with red frame] / S. flaviceps Sign. / var. adelpha Hv., 1909 / labeled Rédei, 2007 [handwritten] (HNHM). 4 Syntypes, Ƌ: Madagascar / Antongil B. / Mocquerys [printed]; Syntypus [printed, label with red frame] / S. flaviceps Sign. / var. adelpha Hv., 1909 / labeled Rédei, 2007 [handwritten] (HNHM).

Other material examined: Ƌ: Moramango / Madagascar / 908 m [handwritten]; flaviceps Sign. / var. lugubris Horv. [handwritten]; Hung. Nat. Hist. Mus. / Budapest / coll. Hemiptera [printed] (HNHM). Ƌ: Madagascar / Antongil B. / Mocquerys [printed]; Sirthenea / flaviceps Sign [handwritten]; Hung. Nat. Hist. Mus. / Budapest / coll. Hemiptera [printed] (HNHM). ♀: Madagascar / Antongil B. / Mocquerys [printed]; flaviceps / Sign [handwritten]; Hung. Nat. Hist. Mus. / Budapest / coll. Hemiptera [printed] (HNHM). Ƌ: Museum Paris [printed] / Madagascar S-O. / Manantenina / Génot 1901 [handwritten] (MNHN). Ƌ: Tongobory / Sept-Lacs / III-56 / AR. [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed] (MNHN). ♀: madag [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll. G. Fallou 1895 [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Station Agric / Bas-Mangoky [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar Est / dct Sambava / Marojejy / Ambinanitelo 500m / XII-58 Raharizonina[printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Museum Paris / Madagascar / Tananarive / Waterlot 1914 [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar Est / district Sambava / Marojejy / Ambinanitelo 500 m / XII-58 Raharizonina [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar-Est / dct. Sambava / R.N.XII-Marojejy / Ambatosoratra 1000m / VII- 60 P. Soga [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Madagascar-Est / Ivontaka 8m / dctMaroan setra / III.58 Soga Raharizonina [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). 2 ƋƋ: Manomhana / S/P.Soanieiana-Ivongo / 9/67 / Tamatave [handwritten]; ORSOM Paris [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar-Est / Dist. Mananara-N / Mont Antampone / Vadon-Peyrieras [printed] / VII-1985 [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar Centre / route d’Ambositra à Ambohimanga du Sud / km 39 1350m / 6/ 11 - XI - 1963 / P. Viette [printed]; Museum Paris [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Bekily / Madagascar [handwritten]; Seirig. / 3-40 [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Ambohitantely / Tampoketsy 1600m / Ankazobe / 27-XII- 56 P. Griv. [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Madagscar / N.W. / Amboromalandy [handwritten]; D. Wintrebert. / 1. IV. 1967 [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagscar / N.W. / Amboromalandy [handwritten]; D. Wintrebert. / 27. IV. 1967 [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar / Lambomakandro / Tuléar [printed]; Muséum Paris / 1935 / R. Catala [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). 2 ♀♀: Madagascar-Est / Fampanambo 25m / dst Maroanosetra / III.58 Saga-Raharizonina [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar-Est / district Sambava / Marojejy / Ambinanitelo 500m / XII-58 Raharizonina [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar-Est / district Sambava / R.N.XII- Marojejy / Ambatosoratra 1 000m / VIII- 60 P. Soga [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Ampijaroa 120m / Ankarafantsika / 30-VIII- 56 P. Griv [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar-est / Dist. Monanara-N / Mont Antampone / Vadon-Peyriras [printed] / VIII. 1965 [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Amrijoroa / Tsaramandroso [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar-Est / Ambodivoangy 20m / dct Maroantsetra / III.53 Soga-raharizonina [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Sirthenea / flaviceps / Sign. [handwritten] / A. Villiers det 195 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Madagascar Nord-Ouest / dct. Majunga / forêt Ankarafantsika 120m / XII-59 / Raharizonina [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: périnet [printed on]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Fort-Dauphin; Viany B. / II-56 A. [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar-Est / Fampanambo 25m / dct Maroantsetra / III.58 Soga-raharizonina [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label] (MNHN). Ƌ: Sakaraha / Lambomakandro / P. Griveaud [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label] (MNHN). ♀: Maroantsetra / Ambodivoangy / J.V. [printed]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label] (MNHN). ♀: Madagascar / Reg Maroantsetra / 1.56 Vadon! [printed, date handwritten] (MNHN). Ƌ: Museum Paris / Madagascar / E. Dorr 64-97 [printed] (MNHN). Female: Namoroka / IX.52 (R.P.) [handwritten]; Institut / Scientifique / Madagascar [printed on blue label] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar / Vohemar / Coll. Le Moult [printed]; Coll. V [handwritten]; Collection / E. de Bergevin [printed]; 4800 [handwritten]; Sirthenea flaviceps Sign / v. adelpha Horv / Madagascar [Handwritten] (MNHN). Ƌ: Museum Paris / Madagscar / Mandraka / Entre Tananarive et Tamatave / Forêt Manjakandriana / A. Mathiaux 1910 [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Madagascar / Mananjary [handwritten]; Museum Paris [printed] / R. Catala [handwritten, blue label] / Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar Centre / route d’Ambositra à Ambohimanga du Sud / km 39 1350m / 6/ 11 - XI - 1963 / P. Viette [printed]; Museum Paris [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). 2 ƋƋ: Bekily / Madagascar [handwritten]; Seirig. / 3-40 [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Bekily / Madagascar [handwritten]; Seirig. / 3-40 [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Madaga [printed on blue, round]. Museum Paris / Coll. G. Fallou 1895 [printed on blue]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Madagascar / Forét Cote Est [printed]; Muséum Paris / 1934 / R. Catala [printedon blue label]; label with male genitalia; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Antananarivo / Madag. Sikora [handwritten on old, blue label]; Sirthenea Ƌ / flaviceps Sign. / f. lugubris Horv.[handwritten] / det. Hedicke 1947 [printed, date partially handwritten] (ZMHB). ♀: flaviceps / var. Sign. [handwritten]; Antan / Madagas [handwritten]; Distant Coll. / 1911-383 [printed]; Sirthenea / flaviceps Sign. / var. lugubris / Horv. [handwritten] / det. R.J.Izzard 1937 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMUK). Ƌ: SW Madagascar / Isalo N. P., Zahavola for. / cca 850 m; 21.i.2013 / M. Trýzna leg. [printed] (MMBC). 2 ƋƋ: Madagascar 2011 / Ambohitantely Spec. Res. / S18°11'51" E17°17'03" / 1530m; at light, 24–29.xi. / P. Baňař lgt. [printed] (MMBC).

Diagnosis. Recognized among other congeners by the large body size, yellowish legs, club-shaped scape not surpassing apex of head as well as anterior pronotal lobe with distinct sulci, short and wide apodeme depression, and lack of collar. It can easily be separated from the only other congener occurring in Madagascar, S. (Monogmus) picescens , primarily by the short median process of the pygophore, the different structure of its aedeagus, and its slender parameres.

MAP 2. Distribution of Sirthenea flaviceps ( Signoret, 1860) .

Redescription. Color: Body dark or dark with pale legs and markings on hemelytron ( Figs. 15 , 194, 195 ). Head with pale and brown setae. Anteocular part of head yellowish with darker lateral parts of head (except antennifer) or brown (with pale clypeus). Postocular part of head brown or dark brown. Specimens with brown anteocular part of head, often with paler longitudinal line (from interocular furrow to basal part of clypeus). Scape, basiflagellum (exept base) and intercalar segments yellowish or slightly darker. Pedicel dark brown or brown. pale (rarely in same color as second segment) with slightly darker apical and basal part. Pronotum dark brown often with paler posterior lobe. Lateral parts of posterior pronotal lobe brown paler than medial part. All visible labial segments pale or with darker first visible segment. Some specimens with dark spot on dorsal part of first labial segment. Scutellum dark brown to black or with paler medial part. Hemelytron dark brown with basal part, clavus and claval suture pale (except dark medial part of internal margin) ( S. flaviceps ) ( Fig. 15 ); basal part of hemelytron dark ( S. flaviceps var. lugubris ) ( Fig. 195 ); margin of basal part of hemelytron and basal part of clavus pale ( S. flaviceps var. adelpha ) ( Fig. 194 ), membrane dark, some specimens with distinctly paler posterior pronotal lobe. Apex of membrane whitish. Legs yellowish. Ventral side of thorax dark (in color of anterior pronotal lobe). Abdomen beneath black with pale, longitudinal spot on ventral side or only with pale line (created by pale spots on sternites and with different width). Connexives dark brown or bicolorous with pale latero-apical part. Connexives of seventh segment pale (rarely dark). Pygophore dark with paler apical margin.

Structure: Body large and robust. Head, pronotum and scutellum shiny. Head with different sized setae and 4 pairs of trichobothrial setae, shlallow apodeme depression and transversal furrow. Dorsal surface of antennifers smooth. Area from base of clypeus to posterior margin of ocelli glabrous. Anteocular part of head 3.33–3.71 times longer than postocular part in females and 4.4–4.5 times in males. Eyes and ocelli large. Eye narrower than synthlipsis with distinct S-shape curvature in lateral view ( Fig. 190 ). Scape club-shaped not reaching apex of head, thickened distally with variably-sized (mostly long), erect setae. Pedicel with dense, adherent, short setae and 4 long ( Fig. 170 ) trichobothrial setae. Basi- and distiflagellum with short adherent setae and numerous longer, regularly arranged, erect setae. Second labial with enlarged basal part, segment reaching posterior margin of head. Anterior pronotal with distinct sulci and lack of collar. Apodeme depression of APL short and wide. Ridges od proepisternum and proepimeron connected in entire length. Posterior pronotal lobe smooth, slightly flattened in middle, over curvature of transversal suture. Metapleura with two incomplete ridges. Females with delicate depressed, longitudinal line on flattened area. Anterior margin of posterior lobe with dense, longitudinal sculpturations (absent in some specimens). Margins of scutellum strongly thickened and shining with dense different-sized setae (mostly medium-sized). Central part of scutellum with granulations. Apex short, rounded. Tibia and tarsus with spine-like setae (mostly on inner side). All legs with long trichobothrial setae. Coxa with long, dense setae. Corium dull with shining basal part and slightly granulated costal margin. Hemelytron with different-sized setae, dense and rather long on costal margin. Hemelytron surpassing (males) or almost reaching (females) apex of abdomen. Abdomen ventrally with long and dense setae. Spiracles III–IV placed distant from ventral connexival suture.

Genitalia: Male—Median process of pygophore ( Fig. 19 ) with sharp apex ( Fig. 24 ). Both parameres slender and triangular in dorsal view with medium sized setae on outer and inner side ( Figs. 20–23 ). Pedicel of aedeagus bent laterally ( Fig. 27 ) and distinctly curved ( Figs. 25, 26 ). Basal lobe of dorsal phallothecal sclerite enlarged on right side with rounded process ( Fig. 25 ). Dorsal endosomal sclerite covered by distinct spines ( Fig. 27 ).

Female—Valvifer I rounded ( Fig. 18 ), on outer side with very dense and short setae and a few distinctly longer setae. Styloids on inner margin with dense, short setae and with sharp apical part. Basal part of styloids with triangular indentation ( Fig. 16 ). Basal part of valvula II with process convolute inwards, forked in apical part with two apices, a thin and sharp and a broad and rounded apex respectively. Basal margin irregular in shape ( Fig. 17 ).

Measurements (in mm, male in parentheses): Body length: 22.9–24.8 (20.3–21.2); maximum width of abdomen: 4.3–5.5 (4.0–4.5); head length: 3.5–4.5 (3.5–3.8); head width: 2.4–2.6 (2.3–2.4); length of anteocular part: 2.0–2.6 (1.8–2.2); length of postocular part: 0.6–0.7 (0.4–0.5); length of synthlipsis: 1.2–1.5 (1.0); interocellar distance: 0.65–0.9 (0.6–0.7); length of antennal segments I:II:III:IV: 1.1–1.3 (0.9–1.0): 2.0–2.1 (2.0–2.3): 1.6–1.7 (1.8–2.0): 1.5–1.6 (1.7–2.0); length of visible labial segments I:II:III: 1.3–1.5 (1.1–1.3): 2.8–3.8 (2.8–3.6): 1.6–2.0 (1.2–1.6); maximum length of anterior pronotal lobe: 3.3–3.7 (2.7–3.3); maximum length of posterior pronotal lobe: 1.8–2.0 (1.7–2.2); maximum width of anterior pronotal lobe: 3.8–4.4 (3.6–3.8); maximum width of posterior pronotal lobe: 4.6–5.2 (4.4–4.8); length of scutellum: 1.5–1.8 (1.3–1.6); length of hemelytron: 13.3–15.0 (12.9– 14.0).

Distribution: Madagascar (Map 2).

Comments: Two color forms of S. flaviceps were described by Horváth (1909). S. flaviceps var. adelpha ( Fig. 194 ) differs from the typical form ( Fig. 15 ) by the dark apical part of hemelytron and medial part of clavus, with basal part (including margins) and medial part of clavus dark (pale area is variable in shape and size in different specimens). S. flaviceps var. lugubris ( Fig. 195 ) can be easily recognized by the head, pronotum and hemelytron being dark brown to black; paler antennifer and pale clypeus, area on anteocular part of head (in some cases reaching to transversal suture of the head). These colour varieties are conspecific with S. flaviceps and have no taxonomic or nomenclatural value.

Figures

FIGURE 15. Sirthenea flaviceps (Signoret, 1860)—dorsal habitus.

FIGURES 16–27. Sirthenea flaviceps (Signoret, 1860): 16—styloids, outer view; 17—gonapophysis of VIII segment, inner view; 18—gonocoxite of VIII segment, inner view; 19—pygophore, dorsal view; 20—left paramere, inner view; 21—left paramere, outer view; 22—right paramere, inner view; 23—right paramere, outer view; 24—median process of pygophore, lateral view; 25—phallus, right lateral view; 26—phallus, left lateral view; 27—phallus, dorsal view.

FIGURES 169–182. Trichobothrial setae on pedicel: 169—Sirthenea africana Distant, 1903; 170—S. flaviceps (Signoret, 1860); 171—S. picescens Reuter, 1887; 172—S. rodhaini Schouteden, 1913; 173—S. caiana Chłond, 2008; 174—S. dimidiata Horváth, 1911; 175—S. flavipes (Stål, 1855); 176—S. kali sp. nov.; 177—S. nigronitens (Miller, 1958); 178—S. nitida Chłond, 2008; 179—S. nigra Cai & Tomokuni, 2004; 180—S. setosa sp. nov.; 181—S. laevicollis Horváth, 1909; 182—S. obscura (Stål, 1866).

FIGURES 188–192. 188—Ridges of metapleura of Sirthenea caiana Chłond, 2008; 189—U-shape posterior margin of an eye of S. obscura (Stål, 1866); 190—S-shape posterior margin of an eye of S. flaviceps (Signoret, 1860); 191—Ridges of proepisternum and proepimeron of S. africana Distant, 1903; 192—Ridges of proepisternum and proepimeron of S. nigronitens (Miller, 1958).

FIGURES 193–196. Color figures of habitus: 193—Sirthenea africana Distant, 1903; 194—S. flaviceps var. adelpha Horváth, 1909; 195—S. flaviceps var lugubris Horváth, 1909; 196—S. picescens Reuter, 1887.