Lavoisiera cordata Cogniaux

Martins, Angela B. & Almeda, Frank, 2017, A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae), Phytotaxa 315 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

12. Lavoisiera cordata Cogniaux in Martius (1883: 140). Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Habitat in saxosis ad Serra da Lapa (Serra do Cipó), prov. Minas Geraes,” L. Riedel 1338, pro parte (holotype: LE!, photos: MICH!, NY!, RB!; isotype: BR!). The isotype at BR has a label indicating that it was collected by Riedel. Although it lacks the collector’s number, it is clear that it is part of the type collection.

Erect, sparingly branched shrubs 0.5–1 m, occasionally up to ca. 2.5 m tall, glaucous, glabrous throughout except for the hypanthium and calyx lobes which are sometimes sparsely covered with glandular trichomes. Branches and branchlets sometimes arching, rounded to subquadrangular distally, with faint longitudinal striations, frequently leafy to the base or defoliating basally with age; internodes 7–15(–20) mm long, without visible knobby thickenings, nodes with inconspicuous glandular trichomes at the adaxial base of each leaf blade. Leaves sessile, semi-amplexicaul, spreading to imbricate at the ends of branchlets; blade 15–25(–40) × 8(–25) mm, coriaceous, rather succulent, ovate to ovate-cordate, rarely oblong, base rounded to subcordate, apex obtuse, margins entire, translucent to subcallose, glaucous and blue-green or sometimes flushed with maroon on the abaxial surface (especially on the young leaves) or flushed with maroon on the adaxial surface of mature leaves, flat, essentially 1- nerved but inconspicuously 3–9-nerved. Flowers 6–7-merous, rarely 8-merous, in simple or sometimes compound dichasia or pseudodichasia, variously reduced to solitary flowers, terminal at ends of branchlets or axillary in upper leaves, becoming central or pseudolateral with the elongation of lateral shoots, subsessile, the central flower in each dichasium is always born on a pedicel ca. 1 mm long. Bracts undifferentiated from principal leaves. Hypanthium (at anthesis) 7–10 × 3–4 mm, 6–9 mm wide distally, campanulate, pale green, essentially glabrous, occasionally beset with a few glandular trichomes. Calyx tube 0.5–1 mm long; calyx lobes 2.5–4 × 3 mm, coriaceous, triangular, acute at the apex to mucronulate with a gland-tipped trichome 0.5 mm long, the gland frequently caducous, margins glandular-ciliolate, typically glabrous but sometimes sparsely covered with spreading glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface, tardily caducous in post-anthesis. Petals 17–25 × 10–20 mm, creamy white or white with yellow flush, venation translucent and conspicuous, asymmetrically obovate, apex subrounded to oblique-truncate, base attenuate, margin eciliate or shortly glandular-ciliate. Stamens 12 or 14, rarely 16, dimorphic: large (antesepalous) stamens 6–7 or rarely 8, filaments 10 mm long, white to pinkish, anther thecae 5–6 × 1.5 mm, pale yellow but reddish or pink at the base of the rostra, turning brownish or purplish following pollination, oblong, slightly undulate, rostrum 0.5 mm long, pedoconnective 6–7 mm long, appendage ca. 1 mm long, rounded to obscurely bilobed, yellow; small (antepetalous) stamens 6–7 or 8, filaments 7.5–8 mm long, white or pinkish, anther thecae 5–5.5 × 1.5 mm, pale yellow but reddish or pink at the base of the rostra, sometimes flushed reddish and becoming brownish following pollination, oblong, rostrum ca. 0.5 mm long, pedoconnective 2–2.5 mm long, appendage 0.5 mm long, yellow, rounded to inconspicuously bilobed. Ovary (5–)6(–7)-locular, 2/3 inferior, style 12 mm long, yellow, straight to sigmoid, glabrous, stigma truncate. Fruiting hypanthium (including calyx lobes) 10–20 mm long, strongly constricted above the ovary, pedicellate, pedicel (1–) 3–4 mm long. Capsule (at maturity) 7–15 × 10–12 mm, elliptic to globose, enveloped by the persistent hypanthium and calyx lobes, dehiscing from the apex to the base, the vascular strands occasionally persisting long after capsule walls have fallen away. Seeds 1.36–1.96 × 0.76–1.03 mm, oblong to subreniform or obscurely L-shaped, reddish-brown to dark grayish-brown, periclinal cell walls of the testa concave (foveolate), raphal zone about 30–70% the length of the seed. Chromosome number unknown.

Illustrations:— Figure 32 ; Cogniaux (1883: t. 31).

Photographic images:— Figures 2A–C ; 7C, D .

Phenology:—Flowering all year with a peak in January and February; fruiting all year.

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MARTINS & ALMEDA

Distribution and habitat:—Endemic to Minas Gerais where it is largely restricted to the Serra do Cipó but also extending to the Diamantina plateau in campo rupestre (sometimes near waterfalls), brejo, margins of gallery forests, rocky cerrado, grassy meadows and adjacent sandy campo, and rocky sandstone hills with wet depressions at 1100–1400 m elev. Figure 33 .

LAVOISIERA ( MELASTOMATACEAE )

Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 79 80 • Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

MARTINS & ALMEDA

Conservation status:—We have examined nearly 100 collections of this species which has been collected repeatedly over many decades. All of the known populations occur in a relatively concentrated area of the Serra do Cipó and some of these are afforded protection in the Parque Nacional. The EOO is 295 km ² and the AOO is 44 km ². Periodic fires are a significant threat as are human population pressures and habitat disturbance for some populations. We recommend a classification of Vulnerable (VU): D2. An independent conservation assessment of this species by Tainan Messina ( Martinelli & Moraes 2013) that does not provide EOO or AOO calculations also recommends Vulnerable status (VU): D2. It notes that some populations of Lavoisiera cordata are surrounded by plantations and environments altered by humans.

Discussion:— Lavoisiera cordata is a sparingly branched shrub with rounded to subquadrate distal branchlets. Its somewhat succulent glaucous blue-green leaves are commonly flushed with purple or maroon on one or both surfaces. The flowers are typically 6–7-merous, the petals are white with conspicuous translucent venation and a diffuse patch of yellow or yellow-green at the adaxial base ( Figures 2A, C ), the anther thecae are pale yellow with a reddish or pink patch at the base of the rostra, and the ovary is (5–)6(–7)-locular. The hypanthia are glabrous and the calyx lobe margins are beset with gland-tipped trichomes like those that are sometimes produced on the abaxial surface of the calyx lobes as well ( Figure 32D ). Among the few glaucous-leaved species of Lavoisiera only one other, L. alba , has white flowers. It is readily distinguished by its prominently angled and carinate to narrowly winged distal branchlets, 5-merous flowers, petals that lack conspicuous translucent venation, uniformly yellow anther thecae that turn brown following pollination ( Figures 1B, C ), persistent calyx lobes that are glabrous throughout, and 5-locular ovary.

For comparisons of Lavoisiera cordata with other glaucous-leaved species, see the discussions under L. firmula and L. macrocarpa .

Additional specimens examined:— MINAS GERAIS: Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, ca. 3 km da cachoeira na estrada da Serra Morena , 19°10'S, 43°30'W, Almeda et al. 7798 ( CAS!, MO!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó. Km 104 along the road from Lagoa Santa to Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19°17'S, 43°36'W, Almeda et al. 8572 ( BHCB!, CAS!, MO!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó. Açude de Cima ca. 40 km from Distrito Cardeal Mota along the road to Fazenda Cachoeira and Pico do Breu, 19°7'S, 43°41'W, Almeda et al. 8587 ( CAS!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , between Kms 107 and 108 along the road from Lagoa Santa to Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19°17'S, 43°35'W, Almeda et al. 8621 ( BHCB!, CAS!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 20 km from the bridge over the Rio Cipó on the road from Serra do Cipó (formerly called Cardeal Mota) to Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19˚16’22.8” S, 43˚33’4.3” W, Almeda et al. 9176 ( CAS!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , ca. 5 km down road to Cachoeira and Serra Moreno , -19.27549’, -43.60067’, Almeda et al. 9696 ( BHCB!, CAS!, RB!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 32 km beyond the bridge over the Rio Cipó enroute to Conceição do Mato Dentro, -19.23376’, - 43.51021’, Almeda et al. 9715 ( CAS!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 8 km beyond the church in Santana do Riacho on road to Lapinha and Pico do Breu, 19°11490 ’S, 43°69937’ W, Almeda et al. 9720 ( BHCB!, CAS!, NY!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Anderson et al. 36119 ( CAS!, DS!, NY!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Anderson et al. 36338 ( MO!, NY!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Andrade & Lopes 8822 ( BHCB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, 10–20 km NE de Cardeal Mota, 19°20'S, 43°35'W, Arbo et al. 4151 ( SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, 7 km NE de Cardeal Mota, 19°20'S, 43°35'W, Arbo et al. 4644 ( SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 11 km NE de Cardeal Mota, 19°20'S, 43°35'W, Arbo et al. 4682 ( SPF!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Badini 3828 ( US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 110, estrada Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro, Barbosa s.n. ( CAS!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , J. Campos s.n. ( SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Km 115 da estrada Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro , M. Campos et al . CFSC 13165 ( CAS!, SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Castellanos & Heringer s.n. ( UB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , estrada da Usina, Castro s.n. ( HUFU!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Km 109, estrada para Conceição do Mato Dentro , A. Costa & Wendt 29 ( RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Kms 151 e 132 Palácio, Duarte 2022 ( B!, G!, MO!, NY!, RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó-Chapéu do Sol , Duarte 4555 ( MO!, NY!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Chapéu do Sol , Duarte 7610 ( F!, NY-2!, RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 110, Chapéu do Sol, Duarte 7819 ( RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, 37.5 km E-ESE Baldim, 19°18'S, 43°36'W, Esteves et al . CFCR 15492 ( SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, Km 106, 19°17'S, 43°36'W, Faria & Mazucato s.n. ( SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho ,

LAVOISIERA ( MELASTOMATACEAE )

Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 81 Serra do Cipó , Figuereido & Kubitzki 83–59 ( M!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 112 km N of Belo Horizonte , Glassman & Gomes 8059 ( F!) ; Mpio. Diamantina, Formação, Glaziou 19274 ( C!, F!) ; Glaziou 19275a ( BR!, P!, R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , estrada da Usina, Grillo et al. 13995 ( SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Hatschbach et al. 28675 ( BR!, C!, CAS!, G!, HUEFS!, MBM!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Hatschbach et al. 29991 ( US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, ca. Km 120 (ca. 145 km N of Belo Horizonte), Irwin et al. 20140 ( NY!, S!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , ca. Km 109 (ca. 134 km N of Belo Horizonte), Irwin et al. 20404 ( F!, MO!, NY!, RB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Joly 1076 ( SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , estrada da Usina , Joly & Semir CFSC 3816 ( SPF!, SP!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 115 ao longo da Rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro-Diamantina, Joly et al. 837 ( UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 6–7 km beyond the Cipó Veraneio Hotel which is adjacent to the bridge over Rio Cipó , King & Almeda 8338 ( CAS!, MO!, UB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 9–11 km beyond the Cipó Veraneio Hotel which is adjacent to the bridge over Rio Cipó , King & Almeda 8349 ( CAS!, UB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó at Chapéu do Sol , King & Bishop 8445 ( UB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Kuhlmann 14 ( RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , between Veu da Noiva e Alto do Palácio , 19°15'S, 43°40'W, Landrum 4228 ( MBM!, NY!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , próximo a Fazenda Boa Vista, Lewis et al. CFSC 7815 ( US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, entre Kms 103 e 104, Lima 426 ( MBM!, RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Macedo 2969 ( BM!, MO!, NY!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , próximo do km 123, estrada Conceição do Mato Dentro-Chapéu do Sol, Martinelli & G. Smith 6330 ( RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 106 da estrada para Conceição do Mato Dentro , Martinelli et al. 11332 ( RB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 139 da estrada para Conceição do Mato Dentro, Martinelli 910 ( RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , prox. ao Chapéu do Sol, Km 112, Mattos Fo. & Rizzini 111 ( RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Km 125, Mello Barreto & Brade 1311 ( F!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 112, Mello Barreto 348 ( BHCB ex BHMH!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 121, Mello Barreto 349 ( F!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 115, Mello Barreto 351 ( BHCB ex BHMH!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 112, Mello Barreto 352 ( F!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 131, Mello Barreto 1310 ( RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 117, Mello Barreto 8835 ( F!, NY!) ; Mpio. Caeté , Serra do Charco , Mendes Magalhães 2280 ( BHCB ex BHMH!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Est. Conceição do Cerro , Km 130 a 180, Occhioni 5196 ( US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 113, Represa, Occhioni et al. s.n. ( US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Palacios , Balegno & Cuezzo 3523 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Pereira 8906 ( RB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , encosta oeste, estrada Santana do Riacho-Lapinha, Pirani et al. 4226 ( CAS!, SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra da Lapinha, maciço NW da Serra do Cipó , próximo da localidade de Lapinha , Pirani et al. CFSC 12143 ( CAS!, SPF!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Queiroz 2338 ( HUEFS!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Renner 680 ( US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , near Hotel Chapéu de Palha , Renner 2116 ( US!); Serra da Lapa (Serra do Cipó), Riedel s.n. ( LE!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 116, estrada para Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19°10'S, 43°30'W, Romero et al. 5361 ( CAS!, HUFU) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 109 (atual), Sakuragui & V. C. Souza 41 ( ESA!, SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , subida para a Usina de Força , após a pensão Chapéu do Sol, Salatino et al. 11 ( SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Sampaio 6588 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 121, Sampaio 6912 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Km 113, Sazima & Semir 658 ( UEC!) ; Diamantina Formação, Schwacke 7813 (RB!, W!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 5 km N of Chapéu do Sol, Segadas-Vianna 6014 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Km 114, Semir & Sazima 669 ( UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 115, Semir et al. 2806 ( UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, M. F. Silva s.n. ( HUFU!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó ascent, 32 km N of Almeida, L. B. Smith & Ayensu 15946 ( US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, perto de Cachoeira, A. Souza s.n. ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, ca. 7 km de Chapéu do Sol, V. C. Souza et al. 8133 ( ESA!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó ; Rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, ca. 2 km após o Córrego Palácio, V. C. Souza et al. 10236 ( CAS!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, 19°17'S, 43°35'W, Stehmann & Franceschinelli 2355 ( MBM!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Stehmann et al. s.n. ( BHCB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Strang 74 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Strang 75 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Vidal s.n. ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó ,

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MARTINS & ALMEDA arredores da Fazenda do Cipó, Vidal V-86(1957) (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Vacaria e Chapéu do Sol, Vidal II-6135(953) (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Chapéu do Sol, Vidal II-6297(953) (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 117 da Rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, Zappi et al. CFSC 10036 ( US!).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Images of Lavoisiera species. A. L. adamantium (Almeda et al. 8504). B–C. L. alba (Almeda et al. 9624). D–E. L. arachnoidea (unvouchered image). F. L. belinelloi (Almeda et al. 8532). G. L. bradeana (Almeda et al. 9718). H. L. canastrensis (Almeda et al. 7878). I. L. caryophyllea (Almeda et al. 9172). J–K. L. chamaepitys (Almeda et al. 8500). L. L. confertiflora (Almeda et al. 9725). Image credits: A–C, F–L. Frank Almeda; D–E. Karina Fidanza.

FIGURE 2. Images of Lavoisiera species. A. L. cordata (Almeda et al. 7798). B−C. L. cordata (Almeda et al. 9696). D. L. crassifolia (Almeda et al. 8442). E. L. crassifolia (Almeda et al. 7807). F. L. crassifolia (Almeda et al. 9051). G−H. L. firmula (Almeda et al. 9197). I. L. gentianoides (Almeda et al. 8314). J. L. glandulifera (Almeda et al. 9700). K. L. glandulifera (Almeda et al. 9199). L. L. glandulifera (unvouchered image). Image credits: A−K. Frank Almeda; L. Livia Echternacht.

FIGURE 7. SEM images of seeds for representative Lavoisiera species showing lateral symmetrical plane (left) and detail of testa cells and cell wall microrelief (right). A−B. L. confertiflora (Occhioni 4932). C−D. L. cordata (Glassman & Gomes 8059). E−F. L. crassifolia (Almeda et al. 7807). Scale bars: A=250 µm, B=60 µm; C=430 µm, D=100 µm; E=380 µm, F=38 µm.

FIGURE 32. Lavoisiera cordata. A. Habit. B. Adaxial leaf surface. C. Flower. D. Hypanthium and calyx lobes. E. Ovary crosssection. F. Petal with enlarged detail of lower margin (lower left). G. Lateral view of antesepalous stamen. H. Ventral view of antepetalous stamen. I. Seed. (Based on: A–I, Almeda et al. 8572, CAS, UEC.)

FIGURE 33. Distributions of Lavoisiera cordata, L. gentianoides, L. grandiflora, L. pohliana, and L. setosa.