Paracoelotes, BRIGNOLI

WANG, XIN-PING, 2002, A Generic-Level Revision Of The Spider Subfamily Coelotinae (Araneae, Amaurobiidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (269), pp. 1-150 : 112-119

PARACOELOTES BRIGNOLI

Paracoelotes Brignoli, 1982: 348 . – Platnick, 1989: 425; – Platnick, 1993: 577; – Platnick, 1997: 669.

TYPE SPECIES: Coelotes armeniacus Brignoli, 1978 , by original designation.

DIAGNOSIS: Females can be recognized by the large epigynal atrium, the long, laterally situated epigynal teeth, and the broad copulatory ducts (figs. 323, 324), and males by the long, looped conductor and the absence of a conductor dorsal apophysis (figs. 325–327).

DESCRIPTION: See description of type species (below).

DISTRIBUTION: Europe and Asia (map 13).

COMPOSITION: The genus Paracoelotes comprises 16 species, including 5 new combinations.

1. Paracoelotes armeniacus (Brignoli, 1978) : male holotype, male and female paratypes from Turkey, in MCV and MNHG, examined.

2. Paracoelotes bidens (Caporiacco, 1935) : type depository unknown.

3. Paracoelotes cottarellii (Brignoli, 1978) : female holotype and paratypes from Sinop, Turkey, in MHNG and MCV, exam­ ined. NEW COMBINATION (transferred here from Coelotes ).

4. Paracoelotes fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946) : female holotype from Ishkent, Uzbekistan, depository unknown, not examined. Females from Uzbekistan, in PSU and AMNH, examined.

5. Paracoelotes garibaldii (Kritscher, 1969) : female holotype from Cippo Garibaldi, Aspromonte, Italy, in MCV, examined.

6. Paracoelotes involutus ( Wang et al., 1990) : male and female paratypes from Xishan, Kuming, Yunnan, China, in HBI, examined. NEW COMBINATION (transferred here from Coelotes ).

7. Paracoelotes luctuosus (L. Koch, 1878) : type depository unknown. Males and females from East Asia, in AMNH, HBI, IZB, CAS, SMF, and ZMB, examined.

8. Paracoelotes luniformis (Zhu and Wang, 1994) : female holotype, male and fe male paratypes from Xiaguan, Yunnan, China, in NBUMS, not examined. NEW COMBI­ NATION (transferred here from Coelotes ). Males and females from Yunnan, China, in CAS and HBI, examined.

9. Paracoelotes major ( Kroneberg, 1875) : type depository unknown. Female specimens from Middle Asia, in AMNH and PSU, examined.

10. Paracoelotes pyrenaeus ( Simon, 1870) : male lectotype and female paralectotype from Montlouis, France, in MNHN, examined.

11. Paracoelotes segestriformis (Defour, 1820) : male neotype and female paraneotype from Haute Garonne, France, in MNHN, examined.

12. Paracoelotes spasskyi (Charitonov, 1946) : male and female cotypes from Lagodeksk Natural Reserve, Khochal­Dag, Caucasus, Georgia, in PSU, examined.

13. Paracoelotes spinivulvus (Simon, 1881) : female holotype and paratype from Peking, China, in MNHN, examined.

Coelotes qinlingensis Peng, Gong and Kim, 1996 , with female holotype, male and female paratypes from Louguantan, Shaanxi, China, in HBI, examined, is placed as a junior synonym of P. spinivulvus (Simon) because of the identical male and female genitalic morphology. NEW SYNONYMY.

Cedicus mollendorffi Karsch, 1881 , with 3 female syntypes from Peking, China, in ZMB, examined, is placed as a junior synonym of P. spinivulvus (Simon) because of the identical female genitalic morphology. NEW SYNONYMY.

Coelotes caraftensis Kishida, 1924 , with types from Sakhalin, Russia, depository unknown, not examined, is placed as a junior synonym of P. spinivulvus (Simon) . Judged by the illustrations, this species is identical with P. spinivulvus (Simon) in both male and female genitalia. NEW SYNONYMY.

Coelotes fascinatus Wang et al., 1990 , with male and female paratypes from Yuzhong, Gansu, China, in HBI, examined, is placed as a junior synonym of P. spinivulvus (Simon) because of the identical genitalic morphology. NEW SYNONYMY.

14. Paracoelotes taishanensis ( Wang et al., 1990) : male and female paratypes from Taishan, Shandong, China, in HBI, examined. NEW COMBINATION (transferred here from Coelotes ).

Coelotes subluctuosus Zhu and Wang, 1994 , with female holotype, male and female paratypes from Taishan, Shandong, China, in NBUMS, not examined, is placed as a junior synonym of P. taishanensis . Judged by the illustrations and the locality, this species is identical with P. taishanensis in male and female genitalia. NEW SYNONYMY.

15. Paracoelotes taiwanensis Wang and Ono, 1998 : male holotype and female paratype from Tatachia, Nantou Hsien, Taiwan, in NSMT, examined.

16. Paracoelotes tianchiensis ( Wang et al., 1990) : male and female paratypes from Mt. Tianshan, Xinjiang, China, in HBI, examined. NEW COMBINATION (transferred here from Coelotes ).

Paracoelotes armeniacus (Brignoli) Figures 323–335

Coelotes armeniacus Brignoli, 1978b: 527 , figs. 117–123 (male holotype, male and female par­

atypes from Zigana gecidi, Gumushane, Turkey, in MCV and MNHG, examined).

Paracoelotes armeniacus: Brignoli, 1982: 347 .

DIAGNOSIS: Females are similar to those of P. major but can be distinguished by the long spermathecal heads (fig. 324). Males resemble those of P. garibaldii but can be recognized by the relatively large patellar apophysis and the less extended RTA (figs. 325–327).

DESCRIPTION: Total length about 8.00– 14.0. From front, anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior row procurved; eye sizes and arrangements: AME small, about

three­fourths ALE size, slightly smaller then PME, ALE largest, subequal or slightly bigger than PLE; AME may be separated by roughly their diameter or slightly less, AME­ ALE about AME diameter, ALE­PLE close

together, PME­PLE about 1.5 PLE diameter, PME­PME slightly longer than PME diameter. Clypeal height about twice AME diameter or slightly less, covered with long, strong setae; chilum divided, hairless, long (fig. 328). Chelicerae with three promarginal, three retromarginal teeth (fig. 329).

Tarsal organ situated close to distal end of tarsus, slightly anterior of distalmost trichobothrium (figs. 330–332). Only female spinnerets examined: apex of ALS with 2 major ampullate gland spigots (MAP), at least 29 piriform gland spigots; PMS with 1 or 2 minor ampullate gland spigots (mAP), about 40 aciniform gland spigots, at least 4 cylindrical gland spigots (CY); PLS with about 40 aciniform gland spigots, 2 cylindrical gland spigots observed (figs. 333–335).

Epigynum with epigynal teeth situated anterolaterally, long; atrium large, with anterior margin extended posteriorly; copulatory ducts broad, membranous; spermathecal heads large, anteriorly situated; spermathecae longitudinally elongated, convoluted, widely separated, with indistinct bases and stalks (figs. 323, 324). Male palp with one small patellar apophysis; RTA with distal end blunt, slightly extended beyond tibia; lateral tibial apophysis small; cymbial furrow moderately long; conductor long, spiral with one apparent loop; conductor dorsal apophysis absent; conductor lamella moderately developed; embolus prolateral in origin, moderately long, linear; median apophysis spoonlike, with strongly extended distal end (figs. 325–327).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: TURKEY: Gumushane: Zigana gecidi, 2100 m, July 12, 1971, male holotype and 6 female paratypes (P. Brignoli, MNHG), Zigana gecidi, 2025 m alt., June 12, 1968, 3 female paratypes (P. Brignoli, MNHG) ; Zigana gecidi, 2100 m, July 12, 1971, 2 male and 7 female paratypes (G. Osella, MCV) ; Soganli gecidi, 2400 m, July 11, 1971, 15 females (G. Osella, MCV). Artvin: Savsat, 2450 m, July 6, 1971, 9 females (Vigna, MCV, Coll. Brignoli) .

DISTRIBUTION: Turkey (Gumushane, Artvin).

Figures

Figs. 323, 324. Paracoelotes armeniacus (Brignoli), female. 323. Epigynum. 324. Vulva.

Figs. 325, 326. Paracoelotes armeniacus (Brignoli), male palp. 325. Ventral view. 326. Retrolateral view.

Figs. 327–329. Paracoelotes armeniacus (Brignoli). 327. Male palp, prolateral view. 328. Eyes, dorsal view. 329. Chelicera, ventral view.

Figs. 330–332. Paracoelotes armeniacus (Brignoli), female. 330. Tarsus, showing position of tarsal organ (double arrows) and the distalmost trichobothrium (single arrow). 331. Tarsal organ. 332. Trichobothrium.