Kryptochroma pentacantha ( Mello-Leitão, 1929 ) Machado & Viecelli & Guzati & Grismado & Teixeira, 2021

Machado, Miguel, Viecelli, Rafaela, Guzati, Catherine, Grismado, Cristian J. & Teixeira, Renato A., 2021, Kryptochroma: a new genus of bark-dwelling crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 778, pp. 26-70 : 44-48

Kryptochroma pentacantha ( Mello-Leitão, 1929) gen. et comb. nov.

Figs 1 , 10–11 , 18, 19A, 22A

Stephanopis pentacantha Mello-Leitão, 1929: 59 .

Stephanopis bellus Soares & Soares, 1946: 58 , fig. 7. syn. nov.

Stephanopis colatinae Soares & Soares, 1946: 60 , figs 8–9. syn. nov.

Stephanopis quinquetuberculata (misidentification) – Machado et al. 2017: 454, figs s4d, s5b, s7e, s10c, s11d, s13e, s14d.

Diagnosis

The male of K. pentacantha resembles that of K. quadrata sp. nov. by the shape of the tegulum and embolus ( Fig. 11C, E ); however, it can be distinguished by its stout and conical RTA ( Figs 11D, F , 19A ) and larger body size, since they are the largest males of genus, being the sexual size dimorphism in this species less pronounced. Females can be recognized by the external genitalia bearing a noticeable median septum and a pair of long longitudinal depressions leading to the copulatory openings ( Figs 10C, E , 22A ). The most common body color pattern for both males and females usually present a diagnostic median white spot on the dorsum of the opisthosoma ( Figs 10A , 11A).

Material examined

Lectotype (designated here) BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Caraça; C.F. Mello-Leitão leg.; MNHN 8227 .

Paralectotypes (designated here) BRAZIL • 2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; Rio de Janeiro; C.F. Mello-Leitão leg.; MNHN 8203 .

Holotype of S. bellus BRAZIL • ♀; Espírito Santo, Colatina, Rio São José ; 29 Sep. 1942; B.A.M Soares leg.; MZSP 661 .

Holotype of S. colatinae BRAZIL • ♂; Espírito Santo, Colatina, Rio São José ; 21 Sep. 1942; B.A.M Soares leg.; MZSP 566 .

Additional material

BRAZIL – Amazonas State • 1 ♂; Manaus, Fazenda Esteio ; 02°22′60″ S, 59°51′00″ W; 16 Dec. 1988; M.V.B. Garcia leg.; SMNK • 1 ♂; São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Morro dos Seis Lagos ; 0°16′57″ N, 66°40′44″ W; 1 Oct. 1990; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 1195 . Espírito Santo State • 1 ♀; São Mateus ,

Reserva Florestal Vale do Rio Doce ; 19°09′05″ S, 40°04′15″ W; 19–25 Jul. 1997; A.D. Brescovit et al. leg.; IBSP 12719 • 3 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; IBSP 24354 • 1 ♂; Santa Tereza , Estação Biológica Santa Lucia; 19°57′54″ S, 40°32′25″ W; May 2007; T. Souza et al. leg.; IBSP 160118 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; IBSP 160128 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Linhares ; 19°23′27″ S, 40°04′19″ W; Aug. 1997; A. Santos leg.; MCTP 10366 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 19°57′43″ S, 40°31′56″ W; 7 Sep. 1999; R.L.C. Baptista leg.; MNRJ 13922 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 7 Jul. 2013; P.H. Martins and M.T.T. Santos leg.; UFMG 14048 • 1 ♂; Domingos Martins ; 20°25′57″ S, 41°01′12″ W; 12 Jul. 2013; P.H. Martins and M.T.T. Santos leg.; UFMG 16338 . – São Paulo State • 2 ♂♂, 1 juv.; Itanhaém , Ilha da Queimada Grande; 24°29′16″ S, 46°40′27″ W; 4–5 Dec. 1995; A.D. Brescovit and R. Bertani leg.; IBSP 10097 • 1 ♂; Vale do Ribeira ; 24°32′15″ S, 48°41′52″ W; 26 Jun. 2005; D. Batesti leg.; IBSP 55502 • 1 ♂; Guarapiranga , Parque Ilha dos Eucaliptos ; 23°44′02″ S, 46°44′00″ W; 6–12 Nov. 1999; R.P. Indicatti leg.; IBSP 132306 • 1 ♂; Vale do Ribeira ; 24°39′42″ S, 47°30′16″ W; Jun. 2002; E.H. Wienkoski leg.; MNRJ 11511 • 1 ♂; Cananeia ; 25°00′53″ S, 47°55′36″ W; Oct. 2001; E.H. Wienkoski leg.; MNRJ 11515 • 1 ♂; Pariquera-Açu ; 24°42′54″ S, 47°52′33″ W; Dec. 2001; E.H. Wienkoski leg.; MNRJ 11534 • 1 ♂; Micaratu , Morro do Fau ; 24°16′51″ S, 47°27′36″ W; 19 Dec. 1998; R. Pinto-da-Rocha, R.S. Bérnils and E. Howaldt leg.; MZSP 16980 • 1 ♀; Peruíbe , Estação Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins ; 24°23′13″ S, 47°01′03″ W; 21–26 Apr. 2012; G.H.F. Azevedo and J.P.P. Pena-Barbosa leg.; UFMG 13029 . – Paraná State • 1 ♂; Morretes , Serra da Graciosa; 25°22′31″ S, 48°52′09″ W; 9–20 Jan. 1995; A.A. Lise et al. leg.; MACN-Ar 39674 • 1 ♂, 4 juvs; same collection data as for preceding; lab staff leg.; MCTP 7166 • 1 ♂, 2 juvs; same locality as for preceding; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 7362 • 1 ♂; Antonina ; 25°25′44″ S, 48°42′43″ W; 1 Dec. 1986; Profaupar leg.; MCTP 19453 • 1 ♂; Jundiaí do Sul ; 23°26′13″ S, 50°14′52″ W; 1 Sep. 1986; Profaupar leg.; MCTP 19646 • 1 ♂, 2 juvs; same locality as for preceding; 27°17′45″ S, 48°21′25″ W; 6 Oct. 1995; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 7447 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 27°17′45″ S, 48°21′25″ W; 3 May 1996; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 9703 . – Santa Catarina State • 1 ♂; São Francisco do Sul , Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais Vila da Glória ; 26°13′13″ S, 48°41′19″ W; 12–15 Dec. 2011; I.L.F. Magalhães leg.; UFMG 10317 • 1 ♂; Reserva Biológica Marina do Arvoredo ; 27°17′45″ S, 48°21′25″ W; 5 Oct. 1995; A.A. Lise et al. leg.; MACN-Ar 39675 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 14 Oct. 1994; MACN-Ar 39676 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 27°17′45″ S, 48°21′25″ W; 13–14 Oct. 1994; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 5119 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Rancho Queimado ; 27°40′22″ S, 49°01′19″ W; 8–12 Oct. 1994; A.B. Bonaldo and L.A. Moura leg.; MCTP 5960 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 9–13 Oct. 1995; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 6982 . – Rio Grande do Sul State • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 10 juvs; Montenegro; 29°41′20″ S, 51°27′39″ W; 3 Nov. 1977; A.A. Lise leg.; MCN 8075 • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 4 juvs; Canela ; 29°21′56″ S, 50°48′56″ W; 2 Dec. 1976; A.A. Lise leg.; MCN 8079 • 1 ♀; São Francisco de Paula , Fazenda Três Cachoeiras ; 29°27′15″ S, 50°33′36″ W; 16 Dec. 1999; A. Franceschini leg.; MCN 32046 • 1 ♀, 17 juvs; Montenegro; 29°41′20″ S, 51°27′39″ W; 15 Dec. 1977; A.A. Lise leg.; MCN 7509 • 1 ♀, 4 juvs; same locality as for preceding; 29 Sep. 1977; MCN 8080 • 1 ♂, 4 juvs; Maquiné , Estação Experimental da Fepagro ; 29°39′41″ S, 50°12′47″ W; 6–8 Mar. 1998; L. Moura leg.; MCN 29059 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 10 juvs; São Francisco de Paula , Barragem dos Bugres ; 29°20′34″ S, 50°41′46″ W; 1–4 Feb. 1999; L. Moura leg.; MCN 30853 • 1 ♀; Estrela Velha , Barragem de Itaúba ; 29°15′36″ S, 53°14′14″ W; 17–21 Jan. 2000; A. Franceschini leg.; MCN 32130 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 7 Mar. 2001; R. Ott leg.; MCN 33697 • 1 ♂; São Francisco de Paula ; 29°26′52″ S, 50°35′02″ W; 21–24 Mar. 1996; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 9855 • 1 ♀; Santa Maria ; 29°41′02″ S, 53°48′25″ W; 17 Jan. 1995; L. Indrusiak leg.; MCTP 10257 • 1 ♂; São Francisco de Paula ; 29°26′52″ S, 50°35′02″ W; 9–12 Jan. 1997; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 10742 • 1 ♂; São Francisco de Paula , Potreiro Velho , Pró-Mata ; 29°28′51″ S, 50°10′28″ W; 5–8 Dec. 1996; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 13988 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 23–25 Jul. 1996; MCTP 13992 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 2001; L.A. Bertoncello and A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 19427 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Sep. 2001; MCTP 25750 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Oct. 2001; MCTP 25761 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Jul. 2001; MCTP 25762 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Jan 2002; MCTP 19429 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Nov. 2001; MCTP 19430 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Feb. 2002; MCTP 19435 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 2001; MCTP 19437 • 1 ♀; Maquiné , Barra do Ouro ; 29°32′18″ S, 50°14′48″ W; 23 Mar. 2011; R.A. Teixeira leg.; MCTP 35069 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 5 Jun. 2011; MCTP 35109 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 4 May 2011; MCTP 39906 • 1 ♂; Floresta Nacional de “São Chico” ; 29°25′24″ S, 50°23′13.0″ W; 19 Dec. 2010; R.A. Teixeira leg.; MCTP 39903 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 23 Jan. 2011; MCTP 39904 • 1 ♀; Viamão ; 30°04′25″ S, 51°06′27″ W; 23 Sep. 1994; A.A. Lise leg.; MACN-Ar 39673 • 1 ♂; Sapiranga ; 29°37′59″ S, 51°00′00″ W; 14 Nov. 2005; E.L.C. da Silva leg.; MCTP 19755 • 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Maquiné , Barra do Ouro ; 29°32′18″ S, 50°14′48″ W; 3 Dec. 2010; R.A. Teixeira leg.; MCTP 31532 • 1 ♀; Santa Maria , Cidade dos Meninos ; 29°40′31″ S, 53°43′10″ W; 15 Jan. 1998; L. Indrusiak and M. Monteiro leg.; MCTP 38671 • 1 ♂; Maquiné , Barra do Ouro ; 29°32′18″ S, 50°14′48″ W; 5 Jun. 2011; R.A. Teixeira leg.; MCTP 39905 • 1 ♂; Santa Maria ; 29°41′02″ S, 53°48′25″ W; 15 Dec. 2004; L. Indrusiak leg.; MCTP 40017 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 27 Aug. 2003; MCTP 40019 • 1 ♂; Viamão , Estação Fitotécnica de Viamão ; 30°02′11″ S, 51°01′18″ W; 6 May 1994; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 4678 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Viamão ; 30°04′25″ S, 51°06′27″ W; 23 Sep. 1994; A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 8407 • 1 ♂; São Francisco de Paula , Potreiro Velho ; 29°28′51″ S, 50°10′28″ W; Jul. 2001; L.A. Bertoncello and A.A. Lise leg.; MCTP 19434 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Oct. 2001; MCTP 19436 .

Description

Female (MCTP 38671)

PROSOMA. Anterior eye row strongly recurved and posterior slightly procurve, carapace predominantly dark-brown with yellowish stains on sides; thoracic region with a pronounced median spire ( Fig. 10A– B ). Clypeus lighter than the rest of carapace, with a marginal yellowish triangle-shaped mark; chelicerae brown with yellowish stains ( Fig. 10B ), sternum scutiform, slightly longer than wide, dark-brown with a yellow median macula, endites and labium truncated and totally dark-brown.

LEGS. Predominantly dark-brown with dispersed lighter stains; femora I and II dorsally enlarged, suffused with dorsolateral and ventral conical sockets with a conical macrosetae in each one; tibia I and II with four pairs of ventral macrosetae ( Fig. 10A ).

OPISTHOSOMA. Dark-brown, rough surfaced, with concave anterior border and a remarkable white taint between the anterior muscular sigilla; the median posterior opisthosomal projection presents acuminate orange tubercles at the tip, with many leaf-shaped setae ( Fig. 10B ).

MEASUREMENTS. Eye diameters and eye interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.14, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09, AME– AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.12, PME–PME 0.24, PME–PLE 0.08, MOQ length 0.45, MOQ width 0.40; leg formula: 1-2-4-3: leg I – femur 3.83/ patella 2.07/ tibiae 2.59/ metatarsus 1.81/ tarsus 1.29/ total 11.59; II – 3.78/ 1.96/ 2.38/ 1.76/ 1.29/ 11.17; III – 1.96/ 1.29/ 1.70/ 1.03/ 0.77/ 6.75; IV – 2.48/ 1.29/ 1.81/ 1.34/ 0.82/

7.74. Total body length 9.81; carapace 4.14 length, 3.83 width; opisthosoma length 4.87; clypeus 0.28 height; sternum 1.41 length, 1.12 width; endites 0.74 length, 0.38 width; labium 0.41 length, 0.51 width.

Male (MCTP 25762) PROSOMA. Eye disposition and carapace coloration pattern as in female, except by the posterior slope scars, which are yellow ( Fig. 11A ). Front lighter than the rest of carapace due to a yellowish triangular mark that extends from the clypeus until the ALE ( Fig. 11B ). Sternum scutiform, as long as wide, darkbrown with a yellow taint; labium and endites totally dark-brown and truncated.

LEGS. Metatarsi of all legs with a distal yellow stain and posterior femora noticeably bicolor, half yellow, half dark-brown; other leg characteristics as in females ( Fig. 11A ).

OPISTHOSOMA. As in female, except by the shorter median posterior opisthosomal projection and the lack of agglomerated orange tubercles.

MEASUREMENTS. Eye diameters and eye interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.11, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08, AME– AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.06, MOQ length 0.32, MOQ width 0.35; leg formula: 1-2-4-3: leg I – femur 1.61/ patella 0.88/ tibiae 1.24/ metatarsus 0.91/ tarsus 0.56/ total 5.20; II – 1.38/ 0.72/ 0.88/ 0.75/ 0.51/ 4.24; III – 0.88/ 0.48/ 0.72/ 0.48/ 0.35/ 2.91; IV – 1.12/ 0.48/ 0.72/ 0.56/ 0.40/ 3.28. Total body length 5.17; carapace 2.43 length, 2.33 width; opisthosoma length 2.74; clypeus 0.29 height; sternum 0.87 length, 0.80 width; endites 0.04 length, 0.24 width; labium 0.25 length, 0.32 width.

Distribution

Brazil (Amazonas, Espiríto Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) ( Fig. 18 ).

Figures

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy of a male of Kryptochroma pentacantha (Mello-Leitão, 1929) gen. et comb. nov. (MCTP 7362). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Detail of a leaf-shaped setae and its spherical socket. C. Sensorial pit preceeded by a plumose macrosetae on tibia I. D. Pair of ventral macrosetae on patella I. E. Metatarsal macrosetae. F. Tarsal claw and detail of setae tuft.

Fig. 10. Female of Kryptochroma pentacantha (Mello-Leitão, 1929) gen. et comb. nov. (MCTP 38671) A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Front. C, E. Epigynal plate, ventral view, D, F. Spermathecae, dorsal view.

Fig. 11. Male of Kryptochroma pentacantha (Mello-Leitão, 1929) gen. et comb. nov. (MCTP 25762). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Front. C–F. Left male palp. C, E. Ventral view. D, F. Retrolateral view.

Fig. 22. Illustrations of epigynum in ventral and dorsal view. A. Kryptochroma pentacantha (Mello- Leitão, 1929) gen. et comb. nov. (MCTP 38671). B. K. quadrata Machado & Viecelli gen. et sp. nov., apratype (MPEG 13297). C. K. septata Machado & Teixeira gen. et sp. nov., holotype (UFMG 18296).

Fig. 19. Illustrations of the left male palp in ventral and retrolateral view. A. Kryptochroma pentacantha (Mello-Leitão, 1929) gen. et comb. nov. ((MCTP 25762). B. K. quadrata Machado & Viecelli gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MPEG 22673). C. K. quinquetuberculata (Taczanowski, 1872) gen. et comb. nov. (IBSP 46712). D. Kryptochroma renipalpis (Mello-Leitão, 1929) gen. et comb. nov. (MCTP 42730).

Fig. 18. Distribution records of species of Kryptochroma Machado gen. nov.