Eriastichus La Salle, 1994

Hansson, Christer, 2021, The genus Eriastichus La Salle (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae) in the Neotropical region, introducing 48 new species, ZooKeys 1019, pp. 35-91 : 35

Genus Eriastichus La Salle

Eriastichus cigdemae La Salle 1994: 173-174. Type species Eriastichus cigdemae La Salle.

Diagnosis.

Heavily setose species (Figs 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 ): head (including eyes), pronotum, mesoscutum, coxae, and lateral parts of propodeum (excl. bare median part - hairy only in E. masneri La Salle) ± covered with fine, short setae; malar sulcus curved; base of scape oblique (e.g., Fig. 45 ); F1-F4 of male antenna with scattered setae of varying length (Figs 11 - 58 ), i.e., without a compact whorl of long setae attached close to base - a feature present in many tetrastichine groups; mesoscutellum transverse (Figs 5-6 ); dorsellum large, flat to slightly convex and smooth (Fig. 5 ); fore wing with postmarginal vein 0.3-0.7 × as long as the elongate and slender stigmal vein, wing disc strongly setose, including base (i.e., without speculum) and ventral surface of costal cell (Fig. 4 ), wings ± uniformly but weakly infuscate (Fig. 4 ) but in a few species hyaline; gaster with pleural membrane between Gt1-4 and Gs1-4 inflated (Figs 1-3 , 7 , 8 ); both sexes with a tuft of pale and flattened setae laterally on Gt3-6 (Figs 7-10 ), though most species with tufts only on Gt6.

Key to males

1	Mesoscutellum with parts lateral to submedian grooves strongly setose (Fig. 6 )	2
-	Mesoscutellum with parts lateral to submedian grooves with two or three pairs of strong setae (Fig. 5 )	3
2	Median propodeum hairy ( La Salle 1994: fig. 30)	E. masneri La Salle (male unknown, this is an anticipated placement; not recorded from Costa Rica)
-	Median propodeum bare (as in Fig. 5 )	E. nakos La Salle (male unknown, this is an anticipated placement; not recorded from Costa Rica)
3	Scape 1.3-1.4 × as long as ventral plaque (Fig. 50 ); lower face yellowish brown (Fig. 59 )	E. pallidops sp. nov.
-	Scape 1.7-8.0 × as long as ventral plaque; colour of lower face variable	4
4	Scape 5.3-8.0 × as long as ventral plaque	5
-	Scape 1.7-5.0 × as long as ventral plaque	9
5	Antenna with dorsobasal setae on F1 0.5 × as long as length of F1 (Fig. 15 ), pedicel + flagellum 2.0 × as long as width of head	E. copalensis sp. nov.
-	Antenna with dorsobasal setae on F1 at least 1.1 × as long as length of F1, pedicel + flagellum at most 1.6 × as long as width of head	6
6	Scape 8.0 × as long as ventral plaque (Fig. 57 ), and 1.4 × as long as height of eye	E. tonioazofeifai sp. nov.
-	Scape at most 6.7 × as long as ventral plaque, and at most 0.9 × as long as height of eye	7
7	Antennal flagellum longer (Fig. 11 ), e.g., F1 2.5 ×, F4 2.8 ×, clava 7.3 × as long as wide	E. acribis sp. nov.
-	Antennal flagellum shorter, F1 1.5-1.7 ×, F4 2.0 ×, clava 4.8-5.2 × as long as wide	8
8	Setae on flagellomeres more erect, and dorsobasal setae on F1 1.5 × as long as length of F1 (Fig. 12 )	E. cluridis sp. nov.
-	Setae on flagellomeres less erect, and dorsobasal setae on F1 1.1 × as long as length of F1 (Fig. 16 )	E. coelotis sp. nov.
9	Scape 1.3 × as long as height of eye (Fig. 14 )	E. colenis sp. nov.
-	Scape at most 1.0 × as long as height of eye	10
10	Scape dark brown	11
-	Scape yellowish brown to pale brown	17
11	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.8-1.1 × as long as length of F1	12
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.4-0.6 × as long as length of F1	14
12	Ventral plaque on scape situated medially (Fig. 37 )	E. johnlasallei sp. nov.
-	Ventral plaque on scape situated below the middle (Figs 17 , 20 )	13
13	Each flagellomere with few setae, e.g., F1 with six setae, ventral plaque 0.2 × as long as length of scape (Fig. 17 )	E. daptilis sp. nov.
-	Each flagellomere with more setae, e.g., F1 with ca. 15 setae, ventral plaque 0.4 × as long as length of scape (Fig. 20 )	E. dotaensis sp. nov.
14	Flagellomeres longer, F1, F3, F4 each 3.7 ×, F2 4.0 × as long as wide (Fig. 18 )	E. decoris sp. nov.
-	Flagellomeres shorter, F1 2.0-3.5, F2 2.4-3.5, F3 2.1-3.4, F4 2.3-3.4 × as long as wide	15
15	Fore and mid legs with coxae and femora yellowish brown	E. denotatis sp. nov.
-	Fore and mid legs with coxae and femora dark brown	16
16	Ventral plaque 0.5 × as long as length of scape (Fig. 22 )	E. diadrys sp. nov.
-	Ventral plaque 0.3 × as long as length of scape (Fig. 23 )	E. ebulis sp. nov.
17	Dorsobasal setae on F1 ca. 2 × as long as F1	E. cigdemae La Salle
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 at most 1.5 × as long as F1	18
18	Dorsobasal setae on F1 at least 1.2 × as long as F1, and setae on flagellomeres erect (Figs 24 , 27 )	19
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 at most 1.0 × as long as F1, setae on flagellomeres variable	20
19	Antenna shorter (Fig. 24 ), pedicel + flagellum 1.1 × as long as width of head	E. egrestis sp. nov.
-	Antenna longer (Fig. 27 ), pedicel + flagellum 1.6-1.7 × as long as width of head	E. eleagnis sp. nov.
20	Scape 4.5-5.0 × as long as ventral plaque	21
-	Scape 1.8-4.2 × as long as ventral plaque	24
21	Ventral plaque situated medially (Fig. 25 )	E. ellipsis sp. nov.
-	Ventral plaque situated below median part of scape	22
22	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.6 × as long as length of F1 (Fig. 40 )	E. johnnoyesi sp. nov.
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.9-1.0 × as long as length of F1 (Figs 28 , 31 )	23
23	Antenna with F1-F4 each 3.3-3.5 × as long as wide, setae on flagellomeres less erect (Fig. 31 )	E. eminis sp. nov.
-	Antenna with F1-F4 1.8-2.5 × as long as wide, setae on flagellomeres more erect (Fig. 28 )	E. facilis sp. nov.
24	Scape 1.7-2.0 × as long as ventral plaque	25
-	Scape 2.2-4.2 × as long as ventral plaque	28
25	Setae on flagellomeres more erect, scape dark brown (Fig. 29 )	E. fenestris sp. nov.
-	Setae on flagellomeres less erect, scape yellowish brown to pale brown	26
26	Antenna with F1-F4 each 2.0 × and clava 4.3 × as long as wide (Fig. 21 )	E. derilis sp. nov.
-	Antenna with F1-F4 each 2.7-3.0 × and clava 5.5-6.3 × as long as wide (Figs 13 , 30 )	27
27	Flagellomeres with more setae, e.g., F2 with eight setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 13 )	E. aphritis sp. nov.
-	Flagellomeres with less setae, e.g., F2 with four setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 30 )	E. follis sp. nov.
28	Frons and legs yellowish brown	E. sannionis sp. nov.
-	Frons partly to completely dark brown, legs yellowish brown to dark brown	29
29	Coxae and femora predominantly to completely dark brown	30
-	Coxae and femora ± yellowish brown, some coxae or hind femur can be partly dark brown	33
30	Setae on flagellomeres erect (Figs 34 , 58 )	31
-	Setae on flagellomeres less erect than in alternate (Figs 33 , 56 )	32
31	Scape narrow at base (Fig. 34 )	E. galeatis sp. nov.
-	Scape wide at base (Fig. 58 )	E. vestis sp. nov.
32	Flagellomeres with few setae, e.g., F2 with three setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 56 )	E. velaminis sp. nov.
-	Flagellomeres with more setae, e.g., F2 with eight setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 33 )	E. geratis sp. nov.
33	Scape 3.5-4.2 × as long as ventral plaque	34
-	Scape 2.2-3.1 × as long as ventral plaque	37
34	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.5-0.6 × as long as F1 (Figs 32 , 36 )	35
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.8-1.0 × as long as F1 (Figs 39 , 41 )	36
35	Flagellomeres with more setae, e.g., F2 with eight setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 32 )	E. glanis sp. nov.
-	Flagellomeres with fewer setae, e.g., F2 with five setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 36 )	E. maniatis sp. nov.
36	Setae on flagellomeres more erect (Fig. 39 )	E. neonis sp. nov.
-	Setae on flagellomeres less erect (Fig. 41 )	E. nexilis sp. nov.
37	Ventral plaque situated below middle of scape	38
-	Ventral plaque situated in the middle, or slightly above the middle	44
38	Scape 2.2-2.5 × as long as ventral plaque	39
-	Scape 2.8-3.1 × as long as ventral plaque	40
39	Dorsobasal setae on F1 1.0 × as long as F1 (Fig. 44 )	E. novalis sp. nov.
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.5-0.6 × as long as F1 (Fig. 42 )	E. oasis sp. nov.
40	F2-F4 each 2.3 × as long as wide (Fig. 26 )	E. drupis sp. nov.
-	F2-F4 each at least 3.0 × as long as wide	41
41	Flagellomeres longer, e.g., F2 3.6-3.8 × as long as wide (Figs 38 , 43 )	42
-	Flagellomeres shorter, F2 3.0-3.2 × as long as wide	43
42	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.9 × as long as F1 (Fig. 43 )	E. ononis sp. nov.
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.6 × as long as F1 (Fig. 38 )	E. nebulis sp. nov.
43	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.5 × as long as F1, scape dark brown (Fig. 46 )	E. parabilis sp. nov.
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.9 × as long as F1, scape yellowish brown (Fig. 49 )	E. orestis sp. nov.
44	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.5 × as long as F1 and pedicel + flagellum 1.9 × as long as width of head	45
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 at least 0.6 × as long as F1 and/or pedicel + flagellum at most 1.7 × as long as width of head	46
45	Setae on flagellomeres more erect (Fig. 47 )	E. rivalis sp. nov.
-	Setae on flagellomeres less erect (Fig. 45 )	E. nugalis sp. nov.
46	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.4 × as long as F1 (Fig. 35 ) and pedicel + flagellum 1.7 × as long as width of head	E. hilaris sp. nov.
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1 0.6-1.0 × as long as F1, if dorsobasal setae on F1 is only 0.6 × as long as F1, then pedicel + flagellum are 1.5 × as long as width of head	47
47	Antennal flagellum long and slender (Fig. 54 ), e.g., F4 3.4 × and clava 7.6 × as long as wide	E. renodis sp. nov.
-	F4 2.2-2.8 × and clava 4.8-6.3 × as long as wide	48
48	Dorsobasal setae on F1-F4 1.0 × as long as funicular segment it is attached to (Fig. 52 )	E. scalaris sp. nov.
-	Dorsobasal setae on F1-F4 0.6-0.8 × as long as funicular segment it is attached to	49
49	Antennal flagellum more slender (Fig. 53 ), e.g., F3 3.0 × and clava 6.3 × as long as wide	E. taraxis sp. nov.
-	F3 2.3-2.6 × and clava 4.8-5.8 × as long as wide	50
50	Pedicel + flagellum 1.9 × as long as width of head	E. sodalis sp. nov.
-	Pedicel + flagellum 1.5-1.7 × as long as width of head	E. tendrilis sp. nov.

Species treatments

Figures

Figures 1 - 6. Eriastichus spp. 1 E. eleagnis, body in lateral view, male paratype 2 E. sp., body in lateral view, female 3 E. decoris, gaster in lateral view, male holotype 4 E. sp., right fore wing, female 5 E. fenestris, body in dorsal view, male holotype 6 E. sp., thoracic dorsum, female.

Figures 41 - 50. Eriastichus spp. head and antenna in lateral view, male holotypes 41 E. nexilis 42 E. oasis 43 E. ononis 44 E. novalis 45 E. nugalis 46 E. parabilis 47 E. rivalis 48 E. sodalis 49 E. orestis 50 E. pallidops.

Figures 11 - 17. Eriastichus spp. head and antenna in lateral view, male holotypes 11 E. acribis 12 E. cluridis 13 E. aphritis 14 E. colenis 15 E. copalensis 16 E. coelotis 17 E. daptilis.

Figures 57 - 60. Eriastichus spp. 57, 58 head and antenna in lateral view, male holotypes: 57 E. tonioazofeifai 58 E. vestis; 59, 60 head in frontal view, male holotypes: 59 E. pallidops 60 E. denotatis.

Figures 7 - 10. Eriastichus spp. 7, 8 gaster in lateral view: 7 E. sp., female 8 E. ebulis, male paratype 9, 10 Gt 6 in lateral view, with brush of flattened setae: 9 E. sp., female 10 E. ebulis, male paratype.

Figures 35 - 40. Eriastichus spp. head and antenna in lateral view, male holotypes 35 E. hilaris 36 E. maniatis 37 E. johnlasallei 38 E. nebulis 39 E. neonis 40 E. johnnoyesi.

Figures 18 - 27. Eriastichus spp. head and antenna in lateral view, male holotypes 18 E. decoris 19 E. denotatis 20 E. dotaensis 21 E. derilis 22 E. diadrys 23 E. ebulis 24 E. egrestis 25 E. ellipsis 26 E. drupis 27 E. eleagnis.

Figures 28 - 34. Eriastichus spp. head and antenna in lateral view, male holotypes 28 E. facilis 29 E. fenestris 30 E. follis 31 E. eminis 32 E. glanis 33 E. geratis 34 E. galeatis.

Figures 51 - 56. Eriastichus spp. head and antenna in lateral view, male holotypes 51 E. sannionis 52 E. scalaris 53 E. taraxis 54 E. renodis 55 E. tendrilis 56 E. velaminis.