Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924)

Sirin, Uemit Davut, Caliskan, Hakan & Sahin, Yalcin, 2015, Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey, Biodiversity Data Journal 3, pp. 4834-4834 : 4834

Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924)

Materials

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 14 pupae, 7 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Saray; locationRemarks: 25; verbatimLatitude: 41°33'36.45"N; verbatimLongitude: 28°3'50.97"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 159; Event: eventDate: 05/24/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male pharate adult; lifeStage: 5 pupae, 9 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Merkez; locationRemarks: 58; verbatimLatitude: 41°46'33.77"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°40'36.82"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 160; Event: eventDate: 05/29/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 3 males pharate adult; lifeStage: 8 pupae, 11 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Merkez; locationRemarks: 61; verbatimLatitude: 41°43'25.74"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°33'38.19"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 161; Event: eventDate: 05/30/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: 6 pupae, 6 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Hatipköy; locationRemarks: 63; verbatimLatitude: 41°48'14.99"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°33'13.31"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 162; Event: eventDate: 05/30/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female pharate adult; lifeStage: 4 pupae, 6 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Karaağaç; locationRemarks: 64; verbatimLatitude: 41°40'13.71"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°31'20.94"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 163; Event: eventDate: 05/31/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 5 pupae, 9 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Keşan; locationRemarks: 70; verbatimLatitude: 41°5'0.44"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°32'11.32"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 164; Event: eventDate: 06/01/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 3 pupae, 5 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Keşan; locationRemarks: 75; verbatimLatitude: 40°46'5.97"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°30'42.72"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 165; Event: eventDate: 06/02/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female pharate adult; lifeStage: 2 pupae / 2 pupae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Şarköy; locationRemarks: 83; verbatimLatitude: 40°46'21.52"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°3'32.09"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 166; Event: eventDate: 04.06.2002 / 05.07.2003

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male pharate adult; lifeStage: 1 pupa, 2 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Çanakkale; county: Gelibolu; locationRemarks: 90; verbatimLatitude: 40°26'2.76"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°33'22.85"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 167; Event: eventDate: 06/05/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 3 pupae, 9 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Malkara; locationRemarks: 93; verbatimLatitude: 40°56'45.42"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°53'8.36"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 168; Event: eventDate: 06/06/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 8 pupae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Malkara; locationRemarks: 97; verbatimLatitude: 41°0'48.93"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°56'39.41"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 169; Event: eventDate: 06/06/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 8 pupae, 4 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Hayrabolu; locationRemarks: 100; verbatimLatitude: 41°11'28.14"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°12'29.08"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 170; Event: eventDate: 06/06/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male pharate adult; lifeStage: 3 pupae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Kırklareli; county: Babaeski; locationRemarks: 103; verbatimLatitude: 41°27'8.31"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°2'44.09"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 171; Event: eventDate: 06/07/2002

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 2 pupae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Kırklareli; county: Merkez; locationRemarks: 124; verbatimLatitude: 41°42'38.22"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°15'46.64"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 172; Event: eventDate: 07/08/2003

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 2 pupae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Çorlu; locationRemarks: 130; verbatimLatitude: 41°12'41.18"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°57'15.98"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 173; Event: eventDate: 05/24/2006

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 5 pupae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Çorlu; locationRemarks: 131; verbatimLatitude: 41°8'45.21"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°38'53.92"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 174; Event: eventDate: 05/24/2006

Notes

Simulium balcanicum was reported from four big river basins, Büyük Menderes, Yeşilırmak, Kızılırmak and Sakarya, in Anatolia according to the checklist of Turkish black flies ( Kazancı and Ertunç 2008). Crosskey and Zwick (2007) stated that it is widespread in western Anatolia. Şirin et al. (2014) recorded this species eleven different streams in East Marmara Region. Additionally, S. balcanicum occurs in the adjacent western countries of Turkey, such as Bulgaria, Greece and Romania. Simulium balcanicum is similar to S. lineatum . The diagnostic character separating the two nominal species is in the pupal gill: in S. lineatum all six inner gill tubes arise independently from the gill base, whereas in S. balcanicum the posterior pair of inner gill tubes arises in the form of a fork with a common stem ( Crosskey and Zwick 2007). All of our pupae and mature larvae have the balcanicum type of gills. Crosskey and Zwick (2007) doubted that S. lineatum and S. balcanicum are separate species. Because of similarity in the terminalia, the authors predicted that S. balcanicum is not a distinct species, and that the name probably should be synonymized with S. lineatum . They suggested, however, that chromosomal data for both nominal species need to be considered before establishing synonymy. Adler et al. (2012) analyzed the polytene chromosomes of these species in the Kızılırmak River and other sites in Europe and revealed that S. lineatum and S. balcanicum are distinct, reproductively isolated species. They stated that chromosomally, these two species have fixed-inversion differences and unique autosomal polymorphisms.