Odontomachus coquereli Roger,

Fisher, B. L. & Smith, M. A., 2008, A revision of Malagasy species of Anochetus Mayr and Odontomachus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., PLoS ONE 3, pp. 1-23: 14-15

Odontomachus coquereli Roger  Edit

Figures: worker 1b, 10a,b, 13c; queen 10c,d; male 11a,b,e; map 14a

Type material:

Odontomachus coquereli Roger, 1861: 30  Edit [ 26]. Lectotype: worker, Madagascar ( Coquerel ) ( ZMHB), present designation [examined] AntWeb CASENT0104549.  Edit

Odontomachus coquereli minor Emery 1899: 273  Edit [ 27]. Lectotype; worker, Madagascar, Baie d' Antongil ( Mocquerys ) ( MSNG), present designation [examined] AntWeb CASENT0102021.  Edit Synonymized with coquereli  Edit by Brown, 1978: 557 [ 2].

Worker measurements: maximum and minimum based on n = 45 from Madagascar: HL 2.69-3.27, HW (across vertex) 1.26- 1.77, HW (across upper eye margin) 1.54-2.02, CI 57-67, EL 0.46-0.55, ML 1.76-2.16, MI 61-68, SL 3.04-3.96, SI 164-207, WL 4.18-5.11. FL 3.32-4.68, PW 1.11-1.53.

Queen measurements: maximum and minimum based on n = 5 from Madagascar: HL 2.81-2.94, HW (across vertex) 1.39- 1.55, HW (across upper eye margin) 1.83-1.98, CI 62-71, EL 0.45-0.55, ML 1.66-1.81, MI 59-62, SL 3.07-3.29, SI 155-179, WL 4.35-4.56, FL 3.60-3.84, PW 1.28-1.43. Preapical teeth count 7-10.

Male measurements: maximum and minimum based on n = 5 from Madagascar: HL 1.11-1.22, HW 1.41-1.57, CI 128- 134, EL 0.78-0.90, SL 0.30-0.38, SI 21-23, WL 3.38-3.85, FL 2.90-3.16.

Worker Diagnosis: Workers of this species can be easily distinguished from troglodytes  Edit by their larger size, mandible with long, acute apical and preapical teeth and lack of extraocular furrows and temporal ridges on vertex. Brown [ 2] provides a description and additional references.

Distribution and biology. O. coquereli  Edit is endemic to Madagascar and is restricted to eastern and northern montane rainforest, lowland rainforest, and littoral forest from 10 to 1325 m (Fig. 10a). It is most abundant at mid-elevations in the northeast such as in Marojejy National Park. Nests of O. coquereli  Edit are most commonly found in rotten logs and consist of small colonies. Queens of coquereli  Edit are wingless and very similar to workers; colonies reproduce by fission [ 28]. Males are collected in Malaise traps and yellow pan traps. Workers forage on the ground day and night. A few times BLF has seen solitary foragers high up on trunks and branches of large trees. It is not clear if they are foraging for plant or insect liquids up in the canopy.

There is notable geographic variation in shape of petiole, sculpture and number of preapical teeth. Preapical teeth and denticles range from 7-12. Occasionally, adjacent teeth may be fused at base to form a single bidententate tooth. However, there is no consistent concordant pattern to this variation. Molecular data are also extremely variable - suggesting that these isolated populations have long been separated. Rather than describing these populations as distinct species, we leave them here as a single species - a hypothesis that can be tested in the future with subsequent experiments in both the field and lab.

CO1: The barcode region is extremely variable (Fig. 16) - there is evident isolation by distance which is largely concordant with the biogeographic regions proposed by Wilme et al. [ 29].

Diagnostic barcoding loci. O. coquereli  Edit : T-96, C-196, T-211, T-280, A-283.

Discussion: Odontomachus coquereli  Edit from Madagascar, the only species in the genus where winged queens have never been found.

Molet et al. [ 28] investigated the Marojejy population of O. coquereli  Edit , and based on demography, morphometry, allometry and ovarian dissections demonstrated that the winged queen caste has been replaced by a wingless reproductive caste and that the strategy of colonial reproduction is fission. A single wingless reproductive (ergatoid) was found in each colony. The smallest colonies consisted of at least 5 workers and the largest colonies never exceeded 40 workers, indicating a threshold size at which a colony divides in two daughter colonies. In coIntrast, O. troglodytes  Edit reproduces by non-claustral independent foundation and colonies can reach 1300 workers [ 30]. As in A. goodmani  Edit and A. boltoni  Edit , the other species without winged queens - there are deep CO1 divergences between different collection localities.

Specimens examined for Odontomachus coquereli  Edit : Specimens from 134 separate collection events from the following 57 localities were examined. MADAGASCAR: Province Antsiranana: Foret de Binara , 9.4 km 235° SW Daraina   Edit ; R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228° SW Antanambao   Edit ; R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220° SW Antanambao   Edit ; RNI Marojejy, 8 km NW Manantenina   Edit ; Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River ,  Edit 27.6 km 35° NE Andapa  Edit ; Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River , 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa   Edit ; Parc National de Marojejy, AIntranohofa , 26.6 km 31° NNE Andapa   Edit ; Foret Ambanitaza, 26.1 km 347° Antalaha   Edit ; Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 6.5 km SSW Befingotra ,  Edit ; Res. D' Anjanaharibe-Sud, 17 km W Andapa   Edit ; Province Toamasina: 6.9 km NE Ambanizana , Ambohitsitondroina   Edit ; Montagne d'Anjanaharibe, 19.5 km 27° NNE Ambinanitelo   Edit ; Montagne d'Anjanaharibe, 18.0 km 21 ° NNE Ambinanitelo   Edit ; Montagne d'Akirindro 7.6 km 341° NNW Ambinanitelo   Edit ; Parc National Masoala, Ambanizana   Edit ,; 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana , Andranobe  Edit ; 1 km W Andampibe , Cap Masoala  Edit ; Parc National Mananara-Nord, 7.1 km 261 ° Antanambe   Edit ; Res. Ambodiriana, 4.8 km 306° Manompana , along Manompana river  Edit ; Ile Sainte Marie, Foret Kalalao, 9.9 km 34° Ambodifotatra   Edit ; Parcelle E3 Tampolo   Edit ; Mahavelona ( Foulpointe )  Edit ; Mahavelona ( Foulpointe ), Forest Andalava  Edit ; Reserve Betampona, Camp Vohitsivalana , 37.1 km 338° Toamasina   Edit ; Reserve Betampona, Camp Rendrirendry 34.1 km 332° Toamasina   Edit ; F.C. Andriantantely   Edit ; 6 km ESE Andasibe (= Perinet)  Edit ; Province Fianarantsoa: Nat. Pk.Ranomafana, Miaranony Forest   Edit ; Ranomafana Nat. Park, Valoloaka forest   Edit ; Foret d'Ambalagoavy Nord, Ikongo , Ambatombe   Edit ; 45 km S. Ambalavao   Edit ; Res. Andringitra, 43 km S Ambalavao   Edit .