Sinopoda xishui Zhang, Yu & Zhong, 2023

Zhang, Jianshuang, Xing, Yuanqian, Yang, Jinghui, Yu, Hao & Zhong, Yang, 2023, Two new species of Sinopoda from China, with first description of the male of S. horizontalis Zhong, Cao & Liu, 2017 (Araneae, Sparassidae), ZooKeys 1159, pp. 133-155 : 133

Sinopoda xishui Zhang, Yu & Zhong sp. nov.

Figs 7 , 8 , 9

Type material.

Holotype ♀ (YHSPA007), China: Guizhou Province: Zunyi City: Xishui County, Xishui National Nature Reserve, Sanchahe Town, Hongyangou Village, 28.50°N, 106.40°E, c. 934 m, by hand, 23.V.2022, H. Yu et al. leg. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype.

Etymology.

The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis.

Females of this new species resembles those of S. yaanensis Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu, 2019 in having similar vulva with swollen, globular glandular appendages, and oval shaped posterior part of spermathecae, but can be distinguished by: (1) lobal septum distinctly wider, its anterior part about 1/5 width of epigynal plate (Fig. 7A, B ) (vs. relatively narrower, its anterior part about 1/8-1/9 width of epigynal plate; Zhang et al. 2015: figs 40, 46; Zhong et al. 2019: fig. 57E); and (2) the anterior part of internal ducts far from the anterior margin of epigynal plate (Fig. 7C ) (vs. reach the anterior margin of epigynal plate; Zhang et al. 2015: fig. 41; Zhong et al. 2019: fig. 57J).

Description.

Female (YHSPA007). Total length 16.4. Prosoma 7.7 long, 6.8 wide, anterior width of prosoma 4.2. Opisthosoma 8.7 long, 6.1 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.35, ALE 0.44, PME 0.38, PLE 0.48, AME-AME 0.28, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.44, PME-PLE 0.53, AME-PME 0.52, ALE-PLE 1.44, CHAME 0.32, CHALE 0.37. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014; Fe: I-III 323, IV 321; Pa: I-IV 101; Ti: I-III 2026, IV 2126; Mt: I-II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 9.8 (3.0, 1.6, 2.1, 3.1), I 26.8 (7.8, 2.4, 7.8, 6.5, 2.3), II 29.1 (8.9, 2.8, 8.2, 7.1, 2.1), III 24.2 (7.6, 3.1, 6.3, 5.1, 2.1), IV 24.7 (6.7, 2.4, 7.3, 6.1, 2.2). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with two anterior and four posterior teeth, and with ~ 38 denticles.

Colour of the living holotype female was uniformly dark except brown femur (Fig. 8A ). Colouration in ethanol (Fig. 7D, E ): Prosoma dark yellowish to brown, with bright yellow submarginal transversal band at posterior part. Median band of prosoma bright yellowish, anteriorly as wide as PER, gradually narrowing posteriorly; lateral bands brown, distinctly delimited to median band, starting from PLE, reaching dark reddish submarginal transversal band. Fovea and radial furrows distinctly marked. Chelicerae yellowish-brown. Sternum bright yellow, margin slightly darker. Endites and labium yellowish. Legs yellowish-brown, covered by short spines. Dorsal opisthosoma dark brown, anteriorly with a small ‘)(‘ -shaped yellow pattern, with three pairs of inconspicuous dots on each side; ventral opisthosoma dark, with several transversal folds.

Copulatory organ (Fig. 7A-C ). Epigynal field wider than long, anterior bands nearly invisible indistinct, slit sensillum absent. Lobal septum wide, anterior part about 1/5 width of epigynal plate, gradually wider to the posterior. Lateral lobes fused, posterior margin slightly bilobed, medially with small incision. Internal ducts running parallel along the middle line. Glandular appendages distinctly inflated, globular; the two GA widely separated by about 3 × diameters. Posterior part of spermathecae more or less bean-shaped, c. 1.9 times longer than wide; the two PP separated by about 2.3 width. Fertilization ducts acicular, membranous, located on posterior surface of spermathecae. Membranous sac between fertilization ducts, nearly trapezoidal.

Male. Unknown.

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality, Xishui National Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China (Fig. 9 ).

Comments.

The females of S. xishui sp. nov. exhibit typical Sinopoda globosa -group features (internal ducts running parallel along median line, and with ovate posterior parts of spermathecae, as diagnosed in Zhang et al. (2021)), and resembles S. yaanensis (the core species of the Sinopoda globosa -group) (for a detailed diagnosis, see above). However, this species is not readily assignable to the Sinopoda globosa -group due to the lack of an available male specimen.

Figures

Figure 7. Sinopoda xishui sp. nov., female holotype, epigyne (A-C) and habitus (D, E) A macerated, ventral view B cleared and macerated, ventral view C cleared and macerated, dorsal view D dorsal view E ventral view. FD = fertilization duct; GA = glandular appendage; ID = internal duct; LL = lateral lobe; LS = lobal septum; MS = membranous sac; PP = posterior part of spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (equal for A-C); 3 mm (equal for D, E).

Figure 8. Sinopoda xishui sp. nov., female holotype (A) and paratype (B), live specimens. Photographs by Qianle Lu (Shenzhen, Guangdong).

Figure 9. Distribution records of the Sinopoda species treated in this paper: S. horizontalis Zhong, Cao & Liu, 2017 (orange circle: Fujian Province: Wuyishan City, Wuyishan National Nature Reserve), S. guiyang sp. nov. (blue circle: Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Xinpu Town, Xiangzhigou), S. xishui sp. nov. (red circle: Guizhou Province, Zunyi City, Xishui National Nature Reserve).