Lamourouxia xalapensis Kunth., 2023

Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, Phytotaxa 582 (1), pp. 1921-1935 : 1921-1935

25. Lamourouxia xalapensis Kunth. Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 338–339. 1818.

Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 42):— MEXICO, Crescit in declivitate orientali montium Mexicanorum prope urbem Xalapa, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (Lectotype: P00670479 !)

= Lamourouxia spathacea Bentham. Prodr. 10: 539. 1846. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO, Pic d’Orizaba, 1838, J.J. Linden 226 pro parte (Lectotype: K000533716!; isolectotype: MICH1108007!).

= Lamourouxia parviflora Bentham ex Hemsley. Biol. Centr. - Amer., Bot. 2(12): 465. 1882. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. no date, Tate s.n. (Lectotype: K000533719!).

= Lamourouxia exserta Robinson & Greenman. Amer. J. Sci. , ser. 4 50(296): 171. 1895. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Rich ravines, Sierra de Clavellinas , 9000 ft, 18 October 1894, C.G. Pringle 4995 (Lectotype: MEXU00031628 !; isolectotypes: BR0000005423385!, CAS0003143!, CM260460 !, E00394557!, ENCB0003596!, G00356746!, GH00078571!, GOET011027!, JE00019792!, K000533721!, MSC0092236!, MIN1359268!, MO-1458734!, NY90604!, RSA0006027!, US 00125699!, US01095129!).

Figure 16 A–E .

Shrubs or sub-shrubs up to 400 cm long, stems branched along the plant, reclining or prostrate, woody, glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, stipulate, stipules 3–7 mm long, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 16–63 × 3–20 mm, margin serrate, 13–30 teeth per side, teeth 0.4–1 mm long; apex acute, base cuneate. Inflorescence a raceme with inverted flowers, arching forward, pedicels thin, sometimes curved or helicoidal, 2–12 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate to narrowly rhomboid, 18–39 × 7–14 mm, margin serrate, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx tubular without dots on the surface, 10–21 × 4–6 mm, lobes triangular to lanceolate, 1.5–7 × 1.5–2 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, glabrous. Corolla funnelform, slightly curved, 28–48 × 5–11 mm, upper lip 7–16 mm long, lower lip 5–12 mm long, lobes 4–5 × 0.3–1 mm; orange to red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments 24– 44 mm long, anthers 3 mm long. Styles up to 60 mm long, stigma bilobed. Capsule ovoid, 9–16 × 4–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds square to rectangular, 2–3 × 0.2 mm with reticulate coat.

Etymology: —The name of the species refers to the city of Xalapa, Mexico.

Common name: —Chupamiel de montaña.

Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia xalapensis is distributed in Mexico and Guatemala. In Mexico the species inhabits the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz. It was also reported for the state of Tlaxcala in the platform iNaturalist (www.naturalista.mx/ observations/2473294), but no herbarium specimens were found ( Fig. 16A ). The species is commonly found in cloud forests ( Pinus , Alnus , Liquidambar styraciflua , Chiranthodendron pentadactylon ), the edge of roads in pine and oak forests ( Pinus pseudostrobus with Quercus laurina ), pine forests ( P. pseudostrobus ), and deciduous forests at elevations from 1320 to 3300 m.

Phenology: —The flowering season spreads from June to April, most collections were made from September to January. Fruits were generally collected in winter and spring.

Nomenclatural notes: — Lamourouxia spathacea was originally described by Bentham (1846) citing two collections: Galeotti 1007 bis, and Linden 226. The collection Galeotti 1007 bis is not to be confused with Galeotti 1007, which is the lectotype of L. linearis , a synonym of L. dasyantha . To avoid nomenclatural confusion with the Galeotti’s collections, it was selected as lectotype the collection Linden 226.

Regarding Linden 226, the plants of the lectotype (K000533716!) and isolectotype (MICH1108007!) belong to L. spathacea . The same collection includes a plant of Sisyrinchium scabrum Schlechtendal & Chamisso (1831: 57) (labeled with barcode K000363140!). The latter plant shares a gathering on the same sheet with other specimens of S. scabrum from different collectors (labeled with barcodes K000363137!, K000363138!, and K000363139!). For this reason, the duplicate K000363140! of Linden 226, can not be considered as isolectotype.

Lamourouxia exserta was described by Robinson & Greenman (1895) including five collections: Bourgeau 986, Schaffner 367, Pringle 4995, Nelson 2216, and Nelson 2261, all with many duplicates. Ernst (1972) cited the same collections no lectotypifing and designing a lectotype. Here, the collection Pringle 4995 was selected as lectotype by having more specimens worldwide distributed.

Lamourouxia parviflora was described by Hemsley (1882) with two collections: Mairet 56 and Tate 31 in K. Both specimens are stems with mature leaves and floral buds. Tate 31 was selected as lectotype because it has small fragments of calyx and flowers contained in the paper envelope of the specimen.

Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: San Cristobal de las Casas, east side of Zonthehuitz near summit, 2800 m, 08 November 1971, Breedlove & Smith 22045 (ENCB!). Estado de México: Amecameca, cañada del Cerro Venacho, 8 km al E de Amecameca, 3000 m, 23 December 1976, García 271 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MO); carretera al Paso de Cortés, 13 km al E del entronque con la carretera Amecameca-Cuautla, Mor. 9.5 km al SE de Amecameca, 3120 m, 03 December 1976, Koch 76305 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO); 12 km al E de Amecameca, Rojas 132 (ENCB!). Atautla, km 75 de la carretera a Tlamacas, en las faldas del Popocatépetl, 2800 m, 22 November 1964, Rzedowski 19167 (MEXU!). Donato Guerra, Camino a Llano Redondo, ejido San Juan Xoconuxco, 2500 m, 26 December 2005, Cornejo-Tenorio et al. 1728 (MEXU!). Ocuilán, Laguna de Zempoala, 2955 m, 01 November 1987, Castañeda-Robles 885 (MEXU!); carr. Zempoala-Huitzilac km 4–11, 2890 m, 01 December 1987, Castañeda-Robles 991 (MEXU!). San José Villa de Allende , a 2.3 km al NE de Mesas Altas de Xoconusco, 2582 m, 05 November 14592, D. Álvarez 14592 (MEXU!, MO). Tlalmanalco, 4 km al E de San Rafael, 2750 m, 27 October 1974, Rzedowski 32459 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Colonia de San Rafael, 2700 m, 20 November 1980, A. Ventura 3777 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Guanajuato: Dolores Hidalgo, 13 km al ENE de Guanajuato, 2350 m, 07 September 1987, Galván & Galván 2783 (ENCB!). Guerrero: Atoyac de Álvarez, 2 km al NE del campamento El Gallo, estribaciones suroccidentales del Cerro Teotepec, 2650 m, 27–29 January 1965, Rzedowski & McVaugh 131 (ENCB!). Chichihualco, Asoleadero, about 15 km west of Camotla, 2650 m, 02 December 1963, Feddema 2860 (ENCB!). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, eastern slopes of Cerro Alquitrán, 5–7 km west-southwest of Mazatlán, 2540 m, 11 February 1970, W.R.Anderson & C. Anderson 5723 (ENCB!); Cerro Alquitrán, cerca de Mazatlán, 2600 m, 06 December 1966, Rzedowski 23669 (ENCB!). General Heliodoro Castillo, NE side of Cerro Teotepec along the road from Filo del Caballo to Puerto El Gallo, 2590 m, 20 October 1984, Breedlove 61930 (MEXU!); La Guitarra, 6.26 km al SO, camino a Puerto del Gallo, 3100 m, 01 November 1998, Cruz 3470 (MEXU!); 2 km al N de El Jilguero, 2610 m, 16 January 1999, Cruz 3538 (MEXU!). Leonardo Bravo, Puerto Soleare, aproximadamente 7 km delante de Carrizal de Bravo, 2550 m, 11 March 1998, Fonseca 2447A (MEXU!); 14 km al SE de Balsamar, Soto 7407 (MEXU!). Malinaltepec, Ojo de Agua de Cuauhtemoc, 26 December 2012, Cándido 125 (IBUG!). Metlatónoc, Xatu Yahta, al W de Coicoyán, terreno de Atzompa, 2700 m, 13 February 1988, Ávila 204 (MEXU!). Tlacotepec de Mejía, Cerro Teotepec, 40 km north of Coyuca de Benitez, 3200–3500 m, 05 December 1963, Feddema 2930 (ENCB!, MO); 19.5 km al NE de Puerto del Gallo, camino Atoyac-Filo de Caballo, 2900 m, 23 November 1983, Martínez & Barrie 5635 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!, XAL!); a 30 km al NE de Puerto del Gallo, camino Atoyac-Filo de Caballo, 2650 m, 23 November 1983, Martínez & Barrie 5667 (MEXU!, MO); Camino Filo de Caballo-Atoyac, 79 km al SO Filo de Caballo (22 km al SO de Higueros), 3080 m, 19 October 1982, Koch & Fryxell 82121 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Hidalgo: Tenango de Doria, 13 km al SSO, 2150 m, 19 November 1982, Acosta & Barrios 256 (MEXU!, ENCB!); camino de Tenango a Metepec, a 2 km al S, 1760 m, 10 November 1985, Lorence & HernándezMagaña 4934 (MEXU!, MO). Tianguistengo, 2 km al oeste, 1700 m, 08 November 1980, Hernández 5375 (MEXU!, US!); 5 km al oeste, 2000 m, 21 December 1981, Hernández-Magaña 6903 (MEXU!). Jalisco: Ciudad Guzmán, ladera de exposición N del Nevado de Colima, 3000 m, 14 October 1984, R. González s.n. (XAL!). Jocotepec, Cerro Viejo, paraje denominado el Chiflón, subiendo por la Barranca de Agua Fría frente a Zapotitlán de Hidalgo, 2600 m, 05 March 1989, Cházaro et al. 5867 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!, XAL!), 2780 m, 25 March 1990, Machuca 6265 (IBUG!). Tuxpan, Parque Nacional Nevado de Colima, brecha El Fresnito-El Nevado km 10, 2856 m, 16 November 2013, Quintero et al. 370 (IBUG!); 8 km al SO del Rancho Las Milanés, brecha al Parque Nacional El Nevado, 2510 m, 20 January 1990, Villa et al. 550 (IBUG!). Venustiano Carranza, Nevado de Colima, al NW de la microonda Las Víboras, 3000 m, 29 January 2006, Cházaro & Vázquez-García 8561 (IBUG!, MEXU!; XAL!). Villa de Purificación , predio Villas de Cacoma, 1362 m, 06 November 2009, Morales et al. 104 (IBUG!). Zapotitlán de Vadillo, subida al Parque Nacional Nevado de Colima, 3363 m, October 2008, J. González 207 (MEXU!). Michoacán: Angangueo, 2 km al SE, camino a El Rosario, 2700 m, 12 January 1984, Soto 6927 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Hidalgo, Mesa del Bosque, 2830 m, 13 December 2002, Madrigal et al. 67 (MEXU!); parte baja del cerro San Andrés, 3000 m, 05 November 2010, Aguilar & Zamudio 261 (MEXU!, XAL!). Queréndaro, alrededores del Puerto de Los Morillos, 2750 m, 07 December 1991, Rzedowski 51370 (IBUG!, MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Zinapécuaro, Laguna Los Azufres, 2900 m, 06 December 1986, Zamudio 5102 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!). Zitácuaro, 2.58 km al S del Llano Chivatl-Huacal, en comunidad indígena Carpinteros, 2770 m, 18 November 2004, D. Álvarez et al. 14701 (MEXU!); El Agua, Cerro El Cacique, 2840 m, 19 December 1978, Ibarra 270 (MEXU!). Morelos: Cuernavaca, La Pera, autopista MéxicoCuernavaca, 06 November 1980, Terán 462 (ENCB!). Oaxaca: Atoyac de Álvarez, 16.5 km al E de Nueva Delhi, la cual se encuentra a 84.6 km al E de Atoyac en el camino Atoyac-Puerto Gallo, 01 December 1985, Torres-Colín & Ramamoorthy 7776 (MEXU!). Calpulalpam de Méndez, noroeste del Río Natividad, brecha de Los Embudos, 2370 m, 01 October 2002, Figueroa & Guzmán 317 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Ixtlán de Juárez, mountains north of Ixtlan de Juarez, near road to Tuxtepec, 11 January 1970, Anderson & Anderson 5425 (ENCB!); Cerro Pelón, 43 km al W de Ixtlán, carretera Oaxaca-Tuxtepec, Campos et al. 5116 (MEXU!). Mazatlán Villa de Flores, San Pedro de los Encinos, 2328 m, 22 November 2001, Munn & Mendoza 1664 (XAL!). Mixistlán de la Reforma, 30 km al S de Totontepec, 2600 m, 10 November 1983, García-Mendoza et al. 1295 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). San Andrés Chicahuaxtla, near Chicahuaxtla, about 35 km southwest of Tlaxiaco, 07 February 1965, McVaugh 22322 (ENCB!). San Bartolomé Quialana, alrededores del mirador, en la parte más alta del cerro Yuubidan a 4 km de la población, 2850 m, 23 November 2014, AragónParada 931 (MEXU!); vereda que va hacia la segunda montaña hacia el paraje El Pocito al SO del municipio, 2307 m, 02 January 2014, Aragón-Parada 1003 (MEXU!); Cerro Yuubidan (Picacho), parte media del cerro, 3.5 km en línea recta al S de San Bartolomé Quialana, 2510 m, 25 January 2014, Carrillo-Reyes et al. 7216 (IBUG!). San Felipe Usila, 8 km en línea recta al S de Santa Cruz Tepetotutla, 2250 m, 20 November 1993, Gallardo et al. 816 (ENCB!, MO, XAL!), 2410 m, 21 December 1993, Gallardo et al. 866 (MEXU!). San Jerónimo Coatlán, 27.8 km al SE de C. de Honduras, brecha a San Jerónimo Coatlán, 2200 m, 28 November 1990, Campos 3416 (MEXU!). San Martín Peras, 25.5 km al SO de Tecomaxtlahuaca carr. a Coycoyan de las Flores, o 1 km de la desviación a San Juan Piñas, 2690 m, 06 Febrero 1993, Campos & Calzada 4931 (MEXU!, MO); después de la desviación a Zochiquilazala y antes de la Y a San Martín Peras y Coycoyán, 2740 m, 06 February 1993, Cházaro et al. 7095 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!). San Pablo Macuiltianguis, a 10 km de la entrada por la Puerta del Sol, 2600 m, 05 November 1978, Calzada 4893 (MEXU!, XAL!). Santa María Teopoxco, near Plan de Guadalupe, 35 km west of Huautla on road to Teotitlán, 2200 m, 17 January 1984, Solheim & Reisfield 1387 (MEXU!, XAL!). Santa María Zacatepec, 4 km al NE de la desviación a Zacatepec, 2410 m, 25 October 1987, Torres-Colín & Cortés 10285 (MEXU!, MO); Zacatepec, subida al Cerro Zempoaltepetl por el crucero a Zacatepec, 18 September 1988, Torres-Colín & Martínez 12469 (MEXU!). Santiago Comaltepec, Comaltepec, 18 April 1970, MacDougall s.n. (ENCB!); below Humo Chico, approximately 0.5 km along longging road which goes from highway 175 to Las Cascadas, 2400 m, 30 November 1991, Boyle & Boyle 702 (MEXU!); a 5 km del cerro Humo Chico, carr. a Ixtlán a Valle Nacional, 26 September 1982, Cedillo & Torres 1872 (MEXU!); 4.6 km al N del mirador, brecha 60 a la cascada o 5 km al N de Humo Chico, 26 August 1986, Torres-Colín & Cortés 8687 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Santiago Juxtlahuaca, más o menos 3 km de la desviación a San Martín Peras, camino a Coicoyán de las Flores, 2300–2450 m, 19 December 1994, Carranza 4844 (ENCB!; XAL!). Santiago Macuiltianguis, 4 km al N de Machín, desviación a Comaltepec hacia el camino a Valle Nacional, 1 km al S de Yalax, 26 September 1982, Cedillo & Torres-Colín 1860 (MEXU!, XAL!). Santiago Tetepec, ca. 2 mi N of Cerro Pelón, 3000 m, 30 September 1975, Webster et al. 20287 (MEXU!). Totontepec Villa de Morelos, 1900 m, 05 October 1986, Rivera 472 (MEXU!); Río Toro, a 3 km al N de Totontepec, 1860 m, 25 June 1986, Ramírez & Ramírez 293 (MEXU!), 20 December 1987, Ramírez 659 (MEXU!); 4 km al NW hacia Mitla, 2000 m, 15 December 1985, Torres-Colín et al. 7981 (MEXU!); 2 km al NO de la desviación a Villa Alta , la cual está 8 km al S de Totontepec, 2360 m, 18 January 1986, Torres-Colín & García-Mendoza 8123 (MEXU!, MO); rumbo a Villa Alta , 16 km al O de Totontepec, 1860 m, 14 September 1986, Ramirez & Ramírez 509 (MEXU!); 13 km al N de la desviación a Villa Alta , camino a Villa Alta, 2120 m , 17 September 1988, Torres-Colín & Martínez 12423 (MEXU!); Tepitongo, 1700 m, 05 September 1987, Velasco & Martin 82 (MEXU!). Zimatlán de Álvarez, El Tlacuache, San Pedro El Alto, 2420 m, 23 November 1998, Miranda & Hernández 708 (ENCB!). Upper slopes of Sierra Juarez, 27 km N of Ixtlán on road to Tuxtepec, 2500 m, 16–17 September 1965, Roe & Roe 1969 (ENCB!); 25 km al S de La Esperanza, 01 October 1979, Téllez & Martínez 1062 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Puebla: Coyomeapan, paredones 4 km al SE, 2430 m, 28 September 1984, Tenorio 7516 (MEXU!). Tecamachalco, El Ocotal, 2320 m, 10 July 1972, F. Ventura 5706 (ENCB!, US!). Teziutlán, Arroyo Frío, 1450 m, 02 August 1980, F. Ventura 17652 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tlatlauquitepec, La Unión, 12 km al NE de Tlatlauquitepec, carr. a Mazatepec, 1670 m, 22 October 1987, Tenorio et al. 14267 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Zacapoaxtla, Puente Porfirio Díaz, 1.5 km al S de Zacapoaxtla, 1750 m, 18 November 1985, Tenorio et al. 10660 (MEXU!). Veracruz: Acatlán, La Presita, 1650 m, 18 December 1982, F. Ventura 19842 (ENCB!, XAL!). Altotonga, Champilico, 1800 m, 19 November 1969, F. Ventura 59 (ENCB!); Taxacasco, 1750 m, 20 November 1969, F. Ventura 78 (ENCB!). Atzalan, La Florida, 1720 m , 08 December 1971, F. Ventura 4655 (ENCB!). Camerino Z. Mendoza, Ciudad Mendoza, De Palo Verde a la Roca del Águila, 4–5 km al N de Ciudad Mendoza, 26 October 1997, Cházaro et al. 7759 (IBUG!). Chiconquiaco, Rincón Grande spot, 5 km SE of Chinconquiaco towards Buenavista, 1950 m, 29 December 1989, Cházaro et al. 6152 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!); ladera E de Cerro La Totola, 21 November 1988, Gutiérrez 3367 (XAL!). Coatepec, Loma Alta, 1900 m, 11 December 1993, Luna 936 (XAL!). Jalacingo, Ocotepec, 1750 m, 07 September 1977, F. Ventura 14431 (ENCB!, MO, XAL!). Naolinco, cascada de La Ermita, 1650 m, 07 November 2015, Cházaro 10866 (XAL!). Tonayán, Congregación de Ixtapán, en la Sierra de Chiconquiaco, 1600 m, 28 November 1975, Calzada 2122 (ENCB!, US!, XAL!). Xico, cañada a un lado de Buenavista, 2200 m, 25 December 1987, Cházaro et al. 5261 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!); fondo de la barranca El Caracol, 2200 m, 20 April 1983, Narave & Vázquez 422 (XAL!).

Figures

FIGURE 16. Lamourouxia xalapensis. A) Habit. B) Detail of a flower. C) Mature fruits and senescent leaves. D) Young leaves. E) Distribution map. Lamourouxia zimapana. F, G) Inflorescence. H) Distribution map. Credits in Appendix 1.