Philine hemphilli Dall, 1919

Valdés, Ángel, Cadien, Donald B. & Gosliner, Terrence M., 2016, Philinidae, Laonidae and Philinorbidae (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Philinoidea) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean and the Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean), Zootaxa 4147 (5), pp. 501-537 : 519-522

Philine hemphilli Dall, 1919

Figure 12

Philine hemphilli Dall 1919: 301 .

? Woodbridgea williamsi Berry 1953: 422 , fig. 8.

Type material. Holotype of Philine hemphilli ( USNM 211753 ): Cabo San Quintin , Baja California , Mexico, 656 m depth ( Fig. 12 G).

Holotype of Woodbridgea williamsi ( CASIZ 64608 ): Punta Colorado, Sonora, Mexico ( Fig. 12 H).

Other material examined. GULF OF ALASKA: Orca Inlet , east of Hawkins Island, Alaska (60º31’N, 145º52’W), 46–73 m depth, 1966, 4 shells, 1.8–2.1 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 66-262.17 ) . Orca Inlet , east of Hawkins Island, Alaska (60º31’N, 145º52’W), 9–27 m depth, 1963, 2 shells, 2–2.1 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 63-145.9 ) . West of Port Chalmers, northwest side of Montague Island, Prince William Sound , Alaska (60º14.7’N, 147º17.0’W), 31 m depth, Jul 1965, 2 shells, 2.1–2.4 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 65-185.16 ) . Southeast of Icy Bay, southwest of Yakutat Bay , Alaska (59º27.19’N, 141º08.99’W), 178 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-46), 10 Aug 1987, 1 shell, 2.8 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-336.3 ) . Southeast of mouth of Dangerous River, west of Dry Bay , Alaska (59º07.52’N, 139º07.43’W), 82 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-47), 11 Aug 1987, 5 shells, 2.7–4 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-337.3 ) . South of Dry Bay, west of Lituya Bay , Alaska (58º35.03’N, 138º27.25’W), 119 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-50), 11 Aug 1987, 1 shell, 2.5 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-340.7 ) . Southwest of Lituya Bay, northeast of Fairweather Ground , Alaska (58º32.27’N, 137º48.66’W), 152 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-52), 12 Aug 1987, 1 shell, 3.5 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-342.3 ) . South of Dry Bay, west of Icy Point , Alaska (58º24.76’N, 138º30.72’W), 123 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-51), 12 Aug 1987, 2 shells, 2.5–4 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-341.3 ) .

SOUTHERN ALASKA: South of Dixon Harbor , west of Yakobi Island, Alaska (58º01.15’N, 136º52.29’W), 410 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-55), 15 Aug 1987, 2 shells, 2.9–3 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-345.3 ) . South of Khaz Bay , west of north end of Kruzof Island, Alaska (57º17.74’N, 136º09.01’W), 170 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-62), 17 Aug 1987, 1 shell, 3.7 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-352.10 ) . South of Kruzof Island, west of Necker Bay, Baranof Island , Alaska (56º35.86’N, 135º46.93’W), 240 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-69), 23 Aug 1987, 2 shells with dried soft parts, 2.9–3.2 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-358.10 ) . South of Puffin Bay , Barinof Island, Alaska (56º06.00’N, 134º48.53’W), 346 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-107), 6 Sep 1987, 1 shell, 2.9 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-393.5 ) . West of north end of Noyes Island, south of Whale Bay , Baranof Island , Alaska (55º32.75’N, 135º03.05’W), 205 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-80), 25 Aug 1987, 1 shell with dried soft parts, 3.5 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-368.8 ) . West of Gulf of Esquibel, south of Byron Bay , Baranof Island, Alaska (55º32.19’N, 134º53.43’W), 278 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-81), 26 Aug 1987, 4 shells with dried soft parts, 2.5–2.9 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-369.5 ) . West of Noyes Island, south of Coronation Island , Alaska (55º30.10’N, 134º18.56’W), 174 m, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-84), 26 Aug 1987, 1 shell, 5.3 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-372.6 ) . West of north end of Baker Island, south of Cape Ommany, Baranof Island , Alaska (55º23.63’N, 134º40.47’W), 205 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-82), 26 Aug 1987, 1 shell with dried soft parts, 4 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-370.7 ) . South of Point St. Albans, south end of Kulu Island, west of Baker Island , Alaska (55º21.90’N, 134º00.29’W), 102 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-86), 27 Aug 1987, 1 shell with dried soft parts, 3 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-374.9 ) . Southeast of Coronation Island, west of north end of Dall Island , Alaska (55º12.21’N, 134º03.97’W), 143 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-90), 29 Aug 1987, 1 shell, 4.5 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-378.9 ) . South of Coronation Island, northwest of Forrester Island , Alaska (54º53.77’N, 134º18.50’W), 219 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-94), 1 Sep 1987, 4 shells with dried soft parts, 2.6–4.9 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-381.10 ) . Just off the east side of the north end of Forrester Island, Alaska (54º49.63’N, 133º29.85’W), 141 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-100), 3 Sep 1987, 1 shell with dried soft parts, 2.1 mm long, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-386.9 ) . West of Cape Muzon, south end of Dall Island, south of Forrester Island , Alaska (54º37.99’N, 133º32.45’W), 340 m depth, R/ V Nore Dick (RB87-96), 2 Sep 1987, 1 shell, broken, leg. Baxter ( LACM 87-383.3 ) .

OREGON: About 31 miles off Astoria Canyon, Oregon (46º15’N, 124º45’W), 978 m depth, 20 Sep 1993, 2 shells 2.8–3.1 mm long (LACM 178894). Astoria Canyon (46º13–15’N,?), 438 m depth, 3 Nov 1995, 6 shells, 2– 3.2 mm long (LACM 178893).

CALIFORNIA: Southwest of Cardwell Point , San Miguel Island, California (33º59.9’N, 120º19.3’W), 64 m depth, R/ V Velero III ( AHF BS1240), 16 Sep 1941, 1 shell, 3.1 mm long ( LACM 41-337.6 ) . Cluster Point , Santa Rosa Island, California (33º53.03’N, 120º18.98’W), 442 m depth, R/ V Velero IV ( AHF 24228-76 ), 16 Jan 1976, 1 shell, 2.9 mm long ( LACM 76-213.10 ) . Tenner Bank , California Channel Islands (32º47.5’N, 119º15.5’W), 511– 530 m depth, R/ V Thomas G. Thompson (BLM 817), 13 Feb 1977, 2 shells, 2.5–5 mm long ( LACM 77-250.28 ) . Off Cortes Bank , San Clemente Island, California (32º38.05’N, 119º15.88’W), 223 m depth, R/ V Velero IV ( AHF 24682-76 ), 10 Apr 1976, 2 shells, 2–3.1 mm long ( LACM 76-423.16 ) .

BAJA CALIFORNIA: Kellett Channel , south of Isla Cedros, Baja California Sur, Mexico (27º57.0’N, 115º08.5’W), 31–36 m depth, 20 Oct 1971, R/ V Searcher (250-251), 2 shells, 3.5 mm long and broken, leg. McLean, LaFollette ( LACM 71-158.48 ) .

Description. Live and preserved animals unknown. Shell to 5.3 mm, presumably internal, globose, oval ( Fig. 12 A–F). Apex with an involute spire ( Fig. 12 J). Lip not rising above apex. Sculpture of faint growth lines, with no punctuate striae.

Radular formula 8 x 5.1.0.1.5. Innermost lateral teeth hook-shaped smooth, lacking denticles ( Fig. 12 I). Outer teeth elongate. Gizzard plates absent.

Reproductive system unknown.

Range. Hawkins Island, Alaska to Isla Cedros, Baja California Sur ( Fig. 3 B). Depth range 9–975 m, shallower towards the northernmost part of the range.

Remarks. This species is only known from empty shells found from Baja California to Oregon and empty shells with dried soft parts from southern Alaska and the Gulf of Alaska. Another similar Panamic species, Woodbridgea williamsi Berry, 1953 ( Fig. 12 H) is morphologically similar and could constitute a synonym. Because of the absence of anatomical data for Woodbridgea williamsi we refrain from proposing taxonomic changes at this point.

Similar to Laona confusa ( Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013) from the North Atlantic, both species share a smooth, globose shell, and lack gizzard plates, but Philine hemphilli has fewer outer teeth. Another similar species in shell morphology is Laona grandioculi ( Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013) from the Lofoten Islands and Finnmark, but it has denticulate radular teeth. Both Laona confusa and Laona grandioculi were originally described as Philine by Ohnheiser & Malaquias (2013) and later transferred to Laona by Oskars et al. (2015). It is also likely that Philine hemphilli may be a member of Laona , based on the radular formula and the similar shell morphology to some members of Laona . However, Laona as currently defined, is a morphologically heterogeneous group and further research may result in further splitting. Because of all these uncertainties and the lack of molecular data for Philine hemphilli we conservatively propose to maintain this species in Philine sensu lato.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Distribution maps of the specimens studied in this paper (native species only).

FIGURE 12. Philine hemphilli Dall, 1919 and Woodbridgea williamsi Berry 1953. A – B. Ventral and dorsal view of a 3.2 mm shell from Southern California (LACM 41 - 337.6). C – D. Ventral and dorsal view of a 3.4 mm shell from Baja California (LACM 71 - 158.48). E – F. Ventral and dorsal view of a 3.6 mm shell from southern Alaska (LACM 87 - 358.10). G. Ventral view of the holotype of Philine hemphilli (USNM 211753). H. Ventral view of the holotype of Woodbridgea williamsi (CASIZ 64608). I. Radula of a dried specimen of P. hemphilli from southern Alaska (LACM 87 - 369.5). J. Apical view of the shell of a specimen from southern Alaska (LACM 87 - 358.10).