Pseudopinarus Heller, 1906: 33

Anzaldo, Salvatore S., 2017, Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean, ZooKeys 683, pp. 51-138 : 67

Pseudopinarus Heller, 1906: 33 Figs 4 , 41 , 72

= Paralatychus Voss, 1947: 60 [Syn.: Wibmer and O’Brien 1986: 7]. Type species: Paralatychus conotracheloides Voss, 1947 [by original designation] (= Piazurus dentipennis Fiedler, 1936).

Type species.

Piazurus rana Heller, 1906 [by subsequent designation: Rheinheimer 2011: 76].

Gender.

Masculine.

Diagnosis.

As a subgenus of Piazurus , Pseudopinarus was separated from Piazurus s. str., along with the other subgenus, Pseudopiazurus , by Heller (1906) and Fiedler (1936) for having a second abdominal ventrite that is shorter in length than the third and fourth ventrites combined. Pseudopiazurus is easily distinguished from Pseudopiazurus in body shape, which is much more robust in Pseudopiazurus , but as a whole Pseudopinarus is the most difficult piazurine genus to characterize. Most species can be further distinguished from Pseudopiazurus by the presence of a ventral tooth on the profemora. Some Pseudopinarus have an arcuate carina on the vertex of the head (Fig. 41 ) similar to the South American Piazolechriops and Hedycera . The eyes are generally smaller and more separate than in Pseudopiazurus , but can be large and subcontiguous (as in Fig. 41 ). The structure of the mesoventrite varies as well, with some species bearing ventrally produced posterolateral tubercles (as in Pseudopiazurus ) and others with nearly a cup-shaped receptacle. Additionally, the relatively small mesepipleura and the procoxae with a mesal process differentiates some Pseudopinarus from most species of Piazurus and the single Central American species of Pseudopiazurus .

Keys .

Fiedler 1936: 29, Heller 1906: 34.

Phylogenetic relationships.

The species of Pseudopinarus that have the arcuate carina on the vertex of the head are very similar to the South American genera Piazolechriops and Hedycera than to other Central American genera. The only character given by Heller (1906) to separate Pseudopinarus from Piazolechriops is the shorter hind femur of Pseudopinarus , which do not, or only very slightly, extend beyond the apex of the abdomen. Pseudopinarus differs from Hedycera by the short antennal setae and the pronotum in dorsal view, which is not widest just before the apex. Other species of Pseudopinarus , e.g. P. cerastes (Fabricius, 1801), are more similar to smaller species of Piazurus (e.g. P. alternans ), raising the question of the monophyly of the genus and the validity of the shorter second abdominal ventrite as a character separating monophyletic groups from Piazurus .

Host associations.

Some species have been reared from branches of various genera of Lecythidaceae ( Fassbender et al. 2014). Pseudopinarus guyanensis has been reared from seeds of Gnetum L. ( Gnetaceae Blume) [ASUHIC0086636, STRI_ENT_0082031].

Described species.

Seven species are known from the focal region ( Wibmer and O’Brien 1986: 263 add P. guyanensis to the Central American fauna) and an additional 13 species are known only from South America ( Wibmer and O’Brien 1986: 262).

Range.

Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; South America.

Figures

Figures 1 - 9. Variation in the mesoventrite. 1 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000616] showing a prosternal rostral " sheath " with the sides converging below the procoxae, the transverse ridge anterior to the mesocoxae and the region of the mesoventrite posterior to the ridge with dense yellow scales 2 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000527] showing a cup-shaped receptacle for receiving the rostrum 3 Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] with an " open " channel on the mesoventrite 4 Pseudopinarus condyliatus [SSAC 0001116] with an " open " channel on the mesoventrite 5 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] showing a flat, unmodified mesoventrite 6 Copturus sanguinicollis [ASUHIC 0086638] showing a closed receptacle on the mesoventrite with lateral flanges 7 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] showing a rostral channel of the mesoventrite formed by relatively parallel carinae and no posterior termination 8 Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] 9 Hoplocopturus javeti [SSAC 0001289] with an inverted U-shaped carina and the region posterior to the carina invaginated.

Figures 37 - 45. Variation in eye shape. 37 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with large, subcontiguous eyes that continue below rostral insertion 38 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with relatively small, widely separated eyes 39 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000658] with widely separated eyes and the frons concave between the upper half of the eye 40 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with very large eyes that are contiguous in upper half 41 Pseudopinarus guyanensis [ASUHIC 0086636] with large, subcontiguous eyes and an arcuate carina on the vertex of the head 42 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a lanceolate space 43 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] 44 Macrocopturus lynceus [SSAC 0001085] with very large, partially contiguous eyes 45 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000802] with large eyes contiguous in the bottom 2 / 3 and widely separated at the top.

Figures 71 - 74. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Piazurini, Othippiini and Lechriopini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified 71 a-b Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627]; scale bars = 5 mm 72 a-b Pseudopinarus condyliatus [ASUHIC 0086626]; scale bar for 72 a = 1 mm 73 a-b Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] 74 a-b Copturomimus cinereus [ASUHIC 0086628].