Rhinusa rara Tosevski & Caldara, 2015
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:617FBE9C-72D1-479D-8336-1E9325D74B93 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F6C554CB-5005-52FC-86C7-F2889C7D0749 |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Rhinusa rara Tosevski & Caldara, 2015 |
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7) Rhinusa rara Tosevski & Caldara, 2015
Material examined.
2 mature larvae, 26.04.2014; 1♂ and 3♀ pupae, 10.05.2014; 8 mature larvae; 2♂ and 2♀ pupae, 12.05.2014, ex Linaria dalmatica , Serbia, Staničenje, Pirot, leg., det. I. Toševski.
Description of mature larva
(Figs 31A, B View Figure 31 , 32A-E View Figure 32 , 33A-C View Figure 33 ). Measurements (in mm). Body length: 3.00-4.25 (avg. 3.60). The widest place in the body (meso- and metathorax) measures up to 1.25. Head width: 0.55-0.60 (avg. 0.56).
General. Body elongate, slender, distinctly curved, rounded in cross section (Fig. 31A View Figure 31 ). All thoracic segments almost equal in size. Meso- and metathorax each divided dorsally into two folds (prodorsal fold distinctly smaller than postdorsal fold). Pedal folds of thoracic segments isolated, conical, prominent. Abdominal segments I-VI of similar size, next segments tapering towards posterior body end. Abdominal segments I-VII each divided dorsally into two folds: prodorsal fold slightly smaller than postdorsal, which form conical, prominent protuberances apically. Segments VIII and IX dorsally undivided. Epipleural folds of segments I-VIII conical. Laterosternal and eusternal folds of segments I-VIII conical, weakly isolated. Abdominal segment X (almost completely hidden in previous segment) divided into four folds of equal size. Anus situated ventrally.
All spiracles unicameral; thoracic spiracles (Fig. 31A View Figure 31 ) placed laterally close to mesothorax; abdominal spiracles (Fig. 31A View Figure 31 ) placed medio-laterally on segments I-VIII.
Colouration. Light yellow to yellow head, medial parts of epicranium less sclerotised (Fig. 31B View Figure 31 ). All thoracic and abdominal segments white (Fig. 31A View Figure 31 ). Cuticle covered with asperities.
Vestiture. Setae on body thin, yellowish, different in length (very short or medium).
Head capsule (Figs 31B View Figure 31 , 32A View Figure 32 ). Head wide, endocarinal line present, reaching to 2/3 length of frons. Frontal sutures on head very wide, indistinct. Single pair of stemmata in the form of small black spots (st) laterally to the end of the frontal suture. Des1 short; des2 short, located in lateral part of epicranium; long des3 located anteriorly on epicranium on border of the frontal suture; des4 absent; and des5 long, located anterolaterally above stemma (Fig. 32A View Figure 32 ). Fs1 and fs2 absent; fs3 minute, located medially; fs4 long, located anteriorly; and long fs5 located anterolaterally, close to antenna (Fig. 32A View Figure 32 ). Les1 and les2 medium. Epicranial area with a single pes.
Antennae placed distally of the frontal suture, on the inside; membranous and distinctly convex basal article bearing one conical elongate sensorium, plus five sensilla styloconica (Fig. 32B View Figure 32 ).
Clypeus and labrum (Fig. 32C View Figure 32 ) completely fused, trapezoidal, 2.7 × as wide as long, with two minute cls, localised posterolaterally; three piliform lrs, various long; lrs1 and lrs2 medium, located anteromedially, and lrs3 short, located laterally; anterior border almost straight. Epipharynx (Fig. 32C View Figure 32 ) with two finger-like als, variable in length and two ams variable in length; labral rods (lr) indistinct, rounded; anterior border sinuate.
Mouth parts. Mandibles (Fig. 32D View Figure 32 ) bifid, cutting edge with additional protuberance; two medium piliform mds, both located close to lateral border. Maxillolabial complex: maxilla more sclerotised than labium (Fig. 32E View Figure 32 ) stipes with one stps, two pfs and one very short mbs, stps and both pfs1-2 relatively short; mala with four piliform dms variable in length; two short piliform vms. Maxillary palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere distinctly wider and slightly longer than distal one; basal palpomere with short mpxs and single sensillum, distal palpomere with a group of four or five apical sensilla in terminal receptive area. Prementum (Fig. 32E View Figure 32 ) close to oval-shaped, with one short prms; ligula with slightly sinuate margin and three minute ligs; premental sclerite sclerotised U-shaped. Labial palpi one-segmented; each palp with a single pore, and a group of three or four apical sensilla (ampullacea) on terminal receptive area; surface of labium smooth. Postmentum (Fig. 32E View Figure 32 ) with only two pms, medium pms1 located medially and short pms2 located laterally, pms3 absent; membranous area smooth.
Thorax. Only pronotal and single pedal setae elongated, rest of thoracic minute, feebly visible. Prothorax (Fig. 33A View Figure 33 ) with four prns and two ps. Mesothorax (Fig. 33A View Figure 33 ) with one prs, three pds; three ss; one eps and one ps. Chaetotaxy of metathorax (Fig. 33A View Figure 33 ) almost identical to that of mesothorax. Each pedal area of thoracic segments with three minute and one elongated pda.
Abdomen. All abdominal setae minute, feebly visible. Segments I-VIII (Fig. 33B, C View Figure 33 ) with one prs; three pds; one ss; one eps; one ps and one lsts. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 33C View Figure 33 ) with a single ds, single ps, and single sts.
Description of pupa
(Figs 34A-C View Figure 34 , 35A-C View Figure 35 ). Measurements (in mm). Body length: 3.35-3.85 (avg. 3.75); body width: 1.60-2.10 (avg. 1.75); thorax width: 1.05-1.30 (avg. 1.20); rostrum length: up to 1.50 for both sexes.
Body. Integument white, moderately elongated, curved. Head protuberances (h-pr) above eyes present. Rostrum rather short, in male usually only slightly shorter than in female almost 2.5 × as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum trapezoidal 2 × as wide as long. Pronotal protuberances (p-pr) absent. Meso- and metanotum similar in size. Abdominal segments I-VI almost identical in size; segment VII semicircular; segment VIII narrow; segment IX reduced. Urogomphi (ur) short, ending with sclerotised, sharp apexes (Fig. 34A-C View Figure 34 ).
Chaetotaxy. Well developed, setae short to elongated, short setae transparent, elongated brown. Head and rostrum without seta (Fig. 35A View Figure 35 ). Pronotum with three as, and three pls almost equally in length. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two setae of similar length, placed medially. Apex of femora with a single long fes (Fig. 35A-C View Figure 35 ). Abdominal segments I-VI with four short setae dorsally, all placed close to posterior margin. Abdominal segment VII with three elongated setae dorsally. Abdominal segment VIII with two elongated setae dorsally. Each lateral part of abdominal segments I-VII with a single short seta. Ventral parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with two short setae. Abdominal segment IX with two short setae ventrally (Fig. 35A-C View Figure 35 ).
Remarks and comparative notes.
This species is very restricted in its distribution and scarce. It is known only from calcareous regions in Serbia ( Sićevo Gorge between the towns of Niš and Pirot), Hungary (Balaton), southern Slovakia ( Šturovo), southern Czechia (Znojmo), Austria (Wien) and southern Russia ( Toševski et al. 2015). It differs from the other European species of the R. pilosa group in its evenly curved rostrum in lateral view in both sexes (vs. abruptly narrowed and bent along the dorsal margin), almost flat pronotum and elytra (vs. moderately convex), and integument of adults covered with recumbent hair-like scales (vs. suberect hair-like scales).
Biological notes.
The biology of R. rara is similar to that of R. pilosa . The adults become active in the field very early, often in mid-February. The adults are hidden inside the rosette of the host plant, L. genistifolia or L. dalmatica . The females oviposit at the base of young, growing shoots. Induced galls are usually large, partly hidden below the soil surface. Usually, ~ 10 eggs are laid per shoot, but some shoots can be used for 20 or more ovipositions. The biology of R. rara is described in detail by Toševski et al. (2015).
Rhinusa herbarum group
Adult diagnosis. Rostrum in lateral view straight; elytra rectangular and only slightly wider than pronotum; third tarsomere weakly bilobed and slightly wider than second tarsomere; femora unarmed; body of penis short and in lateral view with sides distinctly widening in apical part.
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