Orthonevra neiae Soares, 2024

Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M. & Thompson, Christian, 2024, The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae), Zootaxa 5484 (1), pp. 1-78 : 44-46

Orthonevra neiae Soares & Miranda sp. nov.

Figs 23 and 24 . Map: Fig. 40

Diagnosis. This species could be confused with O. minuosetulata , but O. neiae has the first three metatarsomeres pale and the facial microtrichose maculae closer to the antennal insertions.

Description. MALE. Head ( Fig. 23d–f ): metallic blue-green, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral 1/4 slightly produced anteriorly as a strong convexity, strongly regulose except ventrally, shiny, pile white and not scale-like; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and separated by the macula’s width from it. Antenna brown, scape and pedicel with bluish metallic reflections and yellowish apically, post-pedicel paler baso-ventrally and dorso-apically; pedicel almost twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, almost twice the length of the pedicel. Mala produced apico-ventrally, with weak regulae. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, uniformly regulose, bare except for distinct erect pile anterior to eye contiguity. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped, around 2 × longer than eye contiguity, metallic, pile white and sparse; ocellar triangle black but with purple reflections and bare, except for sparse microtrichia; occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1/3, ventral 2/3 homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, very inconspicuous pile on dorsal 1/3, with a few sparse pile on ventral 1/4. Eyes holoptic; with an anterior straight vitta, a sub-anterior slightly sinuous vitta, and a straight middle vitta, and fragments of a medial fascia (one short fragment anteriorly, not reaching sub-anterior vitta, and another posterior to the sub-anterior vitta and not reaching the middle vitta), eyes darker on ventral 1/2 of posterior margin.

Thorax ( Fig. 23d, e ): metallic blue-green, pile white, short, appressed and sparsely distributed, bare on matte areas; scutum with three complete dark matte vittae fused posteriorly by a narrow matte fascia, medial one wide and wider posteriorly, sub-medial pair narrower and tapering posteriorly, vittae with purple reflections, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus ( Fig. 23d, e ); notopleuron metallic green; scutellum metallic blue with medial matte black quadrangular area extending from base to apex, as wide as medial vitta on scutum ( Fig. 23d ), bare, only with microtrichia. Pleuron mostly with sparse microtrichia, with short white pile on antepronotum (anterior to anterior spiracle), proepisternum and ventral katepisternum, very inconspicuous pile elsewhere. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with long white marginal pile, ventral lobe darker and with long black marginal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish.

Legs ( Fig. 23e ): metallic blue, except pale brown trochanters, and yellow on apex of all femora, whole pro- and mesotibia, basal 1/2 of metatibia, and first three tarsomeres, last two tarsomeres dark; pro and metabasitarsomere swollen. Legs covered with short yellow pile, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with antero-ventral row and ventral surface with black setulae.

Wing ( Fig. 23d, e ): grayish, with dark vitta sub-apically (from the end of R2+3 until posterior end of M1), weaker sub-apically on r1, dark on apex, and with fasciate maculae in r2+3, r4+5 (two), and dm ( Fig. 23d ), stem vein and vein C orange until crossvein h, wing bare on most of bm and baso-anteriorly on cua; basicosta with dense appressed white pile, with one more prominent white setae apically. Alula large, 3 × the width of cell c.

Abdomen ( Fig. 23d, e ): metallic blue-green, terga matte black in large medial rectangular area, terminalia wholly metallic, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile white, erect and short; sterna metallic blue, with white pile; sternum 4 with right side slightly extended.

Genitalia ( Fig. 24d–f ): surstylus bent in a 90° angle at basal 1/3, base slightly wider, with medial dorsal notch, apex slightly directed ventrally, with short pile sparsely distributed ( Fig. 24d ); cercus triangular. Hypandrium compressed medially ( Fig. 24f ); postgonites acute apically, fused to hypandrium, with sparse pile apically; phallus ‘hook-shaped’ and heavily sclerotized apically, three-pronged medio-ventrally, phallotrema on a very short elevation on the wall of the phallus (basal tubular process very short, Fig. 24e ).

Variation. White microtrichose macula of face can be 1.5 × distanced from antennal base. Pedicel and postpedicel pale brown to dark brown. Eyes sometimes with medial fascia connecting the sub-anterior and middle vittae. Scutum with medial vittae narrowly separated, sometimes not reaching the anterior margin of scutum. Some specimens with more green or blue reflections. Notopleuron metallic purple. With very short pile on small tubercles close to the position of where the subscutellar fringe would be. Abdomen with metallic green reflections.

FEMALE ( Figs 23a–c , 24a–c ). Like male except: frons metallic blue, wide, strongly regulose, with a medial longitudinal groove extending from ocellar triangle through the basal 2/3 of the frons; ocellar triangle much smaller and usually matte black, rarely with purple reflections, smooth; tergum 5 divided into two plates ( Fig. 24a ). Genitalia ( Fig. 24a–c ): Tergum 7 as roughly sclerotized squared areas, bare. Sternum 7 as a sclerotized strip, might be slightly separated medially, with pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 as two rectangular plates, bare. Sternum 8 circular in ventral view but with concave apical margin, heavily sclerotized, mostly pilose but bare on lateral and posterior margins. Sternum 9 as half-oval, sclerotized and distinct plate, with medial internal long sclerotized tube connected to the genital opening medially on sternum 9. Epiproct dorsal surface convex, sub-rectangular, convex apical margin, with two very short baso-lateral apodemes, pilose on apical 2/3. Cercus oval, short, mostly pilose, positioned apically to epiproct. Hypoproct as an arched sclerotized area, pilose, with pile extending medioposteriorly onto the membranous area.

Length. Body 3.80–4.50mm (n=21), wing 2.60–3.22mm (n=21); female 3.65–4.87mm (n=15), wing 2.87– 3.62mm (n=13).

Distribution. Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Pará and Tocantins) ( Fig. 40 ).

Altitudinal range. 30–1050m.

Etymology. The name is a matronymic derived from MMMS’s mother’s name. It should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.

Comments. The female epiproct is similar to that of O. shannoni , and both are similar to O. nitidula , but both are smaller and with a straight basal margin. Furthermore, the female of O. neiae sp. nov. is the only species with a divided tergum 5 (but see comment on O. minuosetulata sp. nov.). This species is endemic to Brazil, although some records are right at the border with Bolivia, Colombia and Peru, and most records are located under 500m.

Type material examined: BRAZIL. Roraima, Caracaraí, P.N. Viruá, arm. Malaise , 1º29'23.3"N 61º00'08.7"W, 19.iv.2015, J.A. Rafael, R.A. Heleodoro, D.M.M. Mendes, D.W.A. Marques & C. Maldaner (male holotype neiae INPA, INPA-DIP 004060) .

Paratypes examined: BRAZIL. Acre, Sen. Guiomard, F.E. Catuaba , 10º04'28"S - 67º37'00"W, viii-ix.2017, malaise, E.F. Morato & J.A. Rafael cols-Rede BIA (2 male, 1 female INPA) ; Mâncio Lima, PARNA Serra do Divisor, Igarapé da caverna (#10), 7.447581 S, 73.682497 W, 250m alt, 18-26.vii.2022 / Malaise, G.R. Desidério, A.M.O. Pes, J.O. Silva, R.B. Pinedo, H.L.M.S. Ferreira legs. (1 female, INPA) . Amapá, Serra do Navio [ca 0°54'26.5"N 52°00'12.7"W], 19.x.1957, J. Lane (1 female MZUSP, USNMENT01492610 ) . Amazonas, Manaus, Res. Ducke [ca 2°56'50.5"S 59°56'02.3"W], Igarapé Tinga, Armadilha malaise 3, 13-23.x.2004, A. Henriques (1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 004058 ) ; Novo Aripuanã, Res. Soka, Malaise seca, 05º15'53"S 60º07'08"W, 17-25.viii.1999, J. Vidal & A.L. Henriques (1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 0000185 ) ; S. Izabel R. Negro, Maturaca [ca 0°37'36.1"N 66°07'27.0"W], Arm Malaise, 11-13.x.1990, J.A. Rafael (1 male INPA, INPA-DIP 001634 ) . Distrito Federal, Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas (ESECAE), Córrego Tabatinga (Cerrado), 20.iv.2018, 1047 m, Malaise, 15º32'43.3"S 47º33'58.4"W, Desidério & G.R., Campos, C.A. (1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 001954 ) . Maranhão, C. Mendes, Fazenda 7 Irmãos, Arm. Malaise , 01º52'06"S 45º45'59.7"W, 15-31.x.2018, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, D. Limeira & J.S. Brito (1 male & 1 female CZMA) ; Carolina, PARNA Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Cancela, 225 m, 07º06'44.2S 47º17'56.8"W, Armadilha de Malaise , 11-14.vi.2013, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, J.T. Câmara & A.A. Santos (1 male & 1 female CZMA) ; Pq. N. Chapada das Mesas , Cachoeira da Prata [ca 6°59'37.7"S 47°09'56.4"W], Armadilha Shannon, 25-30.vi.2009, A.L. Costa, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & P.A.M. Moraes (1 male CZMA) ; Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base dos Cagádos, Armadilha de Malaise , 06º48'29"S 45º06'34"W, 27.ix-02.x.2011, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & D.W.A. Marques (1 female CZMA) ; Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base da Geraldina , 06º37'25"S 45º52'08"W, Armadilha de Malaise , 30.vii–6.viii.2011, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & D.W.A. Marques (6 males & 2 females CZMA) ; Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base da Geraldina , 06º37'25"S 45º52'08"W, Armadilha de Malaise , 28.ix–1.x.2006, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira (1 male CZMA) ; Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base da Geraldina , 06º37'25"S 45º52'08"W, varredura, 14–18.viii.2012, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, J.S. Pinto Júnior & D.W.A. Marques (2 males & 1 female CZMA) ; Ribamar Fiquene [ca 5°56'10.0"S 47°22'59.4"W], arm. Malaise, 13.xii.2001, J.A. Rafael, F.L. Oliveira & J. Vidal (1 male INPA, INPA-DIP 001633 ) ; São Pedro da Água Branca, Faz. Sta Rosa , 05º07’07’’S 48º15’19’’W, arm. Malaise, 06.xii.2001, J.A. Rafael, F.L. Oliveira & J. Vidal (1 male & 1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 001631–2 ) . Pará, Parauapebas, Serra Norte [ca 6°05'18.5"S 50°11'44.0"W], Fofoca, 28.iv.1984, R.B. Neto (1 female MPEG, MPEG DIP 12170061 ) ; Rio Xingu Camp, 60 km south of Alt [a]mir[a], 52º22' W 3º39'[S], 2–8.x.1986, P. Spangler & O. S. Flint (3 females USNM, USNMENT01492609 , …701 & …709) ; Tucuruí, Morro do Senador, Malaise , 03º59'23"S 49º44'45"W, ??. xii.2001, J.A. Rafael & J. Vidal (1 male INPA, INPA-DIP 004061 ) . Roraima, Caracaraí, Serra da Mocidade 1.050 m, Malaise , 1º42'N 61º47'W, 25.i–06.ii.2016, M. Oliveira, FF Xavier Fº & T. Mahlmann (3 males & 2 females INPA) ; Caracaraí, P.N. Viruá, arm. Malaise , 1º29'23.3"N 61º00'08.7"W, 19.iv.2015, J.A. Rafael, R.A. Heleodoro, D.M.M. Mendes, D.W.A. Marques & C. Maldaner (1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 004060 ) . Tocantins, Palmas, Pq. Est. Lajeado, Ig. Da Onça, Malaise , 10º06'44"S 48º15'31"W, 28.xii.2017, G. Amora & J.O. Silva (2 males & 1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 001951–3 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 23. Orthonevra neiae sp. nov. a–c. Female: a. Habitus dorsal. b. Habitus lateral. c. Head, lateral view. d–f. Male: d. Habitus dorsal. e. Habitus lateral. f. Head, frontal view. Abbreviations: lmm: lateral microtrichose sub-triangular macula; mtf: metafemur; mve: medial vitta (eye); mvs: medial vitta (scutum); sav: sub-anterior vitta; smv: sub-medial vitta; trm: tarsomere.

FIGURE 24. Orthonevra neiae sp. nov., genitalia. a–c. Female: a. Dorsal view. b. Ventral view. c. Lateral view. d–f. Male: d. Epandrium, lateral view. e. Hypandrium, lateral view. f. Hypandrium, dorsal view. Abbreviations: btp: basal tubular process; cerc: cercus; epi: epiproct; hypo: hypoproct; pg: postgonite; ph: phallus; sur: surstylus; s8: sternum 8; t5 & 8: terga 5 & 8.

FIGURE 40. Distribution map for Orthonevra gewgaw (Hull, 1941), O. gouletmasnerorum sp. nov., O. minuosetulata sp. nov., O, nebulosa sp. nov., O. neiae sp. nov., O. neotropica (Shannon, 1925), and O. theta sp. nov.