Sinodrepanus, Simonis, 1985

Montanaro, Giulio, 2024, New or poorly known species of Sinodrepanus Simonis, 1985 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Oniticellini), with the first identification key for the genus, Zootaxa 5537 (4), pp. 577-595 : 591-592

Identification key to Sinodrepanus species

Note: while the correct identification of males is almost guaranteed by the examination of genitalia, females of S. besucheti , S. tsaii , S. rex and S. thailandicus are very similar and association with males is required to get a reliable identification.

1 Setae on elytral interstria 5 arranged in well delimited tufts. Male protibia with 3 external teeth and a fourth tooth on the distal margin; female protibia with four teeth as in males, except for S. rosannae which has only 3 teeth (distalmost one absent).. 2

- Setae on elytral interstria 5 irregularly spread, not arranged in delimited tufts. Male and female protibiae with 3 teeth or less, except sometimes in females of S. uenoi which may have a fourth small tooth on the distal margin..................... 6

2 Female protibia with only 3 external teeth (small tooth on the distal margin absent). Male clypeus, at least in larger males, strongly protruding medially, narrowly subtrapezoidal and raised. Parameres particularly short, apex strongly bent towards parameral base, basolateral plate slightly overlapping with parameral apex in lateral view; female infundibulum with a toothlike process; male and female genitalia as in Simonis (1985) and Masumoto et al. (2004). Body length: 9–12 mm. Distribution: China.......................................................................... S. rosannae Simonis, 1985

- Female protibia with 4 external teeth. Male clypeus subtrapezoidal or not. Male and female genitalia differently shaped, parameral apex directed ventrally perpendicularly to paramere, basolateral lobe not overlapping with parameral apex in lateral view............................................................................................... 3

3 Clypeus of major males strongly protruding, narrowly subtrapezoidal to triangular and upcurved medially............... 5

- Clypeus of major males never narrowly subtrapezoidal to triangular, broadly truncated and raised medially.............. 4

4 In major males, clypeal margin truncated and sinuated medially, clypeal teeth blunt. Pronotal lateral margins feebly expanded posterolaterally. Male and female genitalia as in Simonis (1985). Body length: 8–10.5 mm. Distribution: China, Vietnam.................................................................................. S. besucheti Simonis, 1985

- In major males, clypeal teeth well developed and sharp. Pronotal margin expanded posterolaterally. Male genitalia very similar to those of the previous species, see Masumoto et al. (2004). Body length: 11.8–12.0 mm. Distribution: Taiwan................................................................................ S. tsaii Masumoto, Yang & Ochi, 2004

5 In major males, anterior clypeal margin curved laterally to the projection, the latter relatively broad and sharply truncated. Basolateral plate of paramere very developed, almost reaching posterior edge of parameral apex in lateral view; superior right branch of lamella copulatrix with a long, hooked protrusion; male and female genitalia as in Simonis (1985). Body length: 9–12 mm. Distribution: China............................................................ S. rex ( Boucomont, 1912)

- In major males, anterior clypeal margin triangular, the medial projection narrower than in S. rex , the truncated edge slightly rounded laterally. Basolateral plate of paramere not reaching posterior edge of parameral apex in lateral view; superior right branch of lamella copulatrix with a short, curved protrusion; male genitalia as in Ochi et al. (2004). Body length: 10.5–12.7 mm. Distribution: Thailand, Myanmar................................. S. thailandicus Ochi, Kon & Masumoto, 2004

6 Pronotal carinae strongly protruding, the transverse medial one clearly separating the middle of pronotal disc into two distinct depressions. Frons with a transverse bulging connecting the two longitudinal carinae of vertex. Lateral pronotal margins almost parallel. Male protibia with only two faint and often effaced teeth on the lateral margin; male metaventrite with a deep pentagonal hollow posteriorly. Female clypeal teeth separated by an obtuse angle, clypeal margin between teeth almost straight. Basolateral plate of paramere overlapping with parameral apex in lateral view; genitalia as in Montanaro (2021) and Simonis (1985). Body length: 7.2–9.8 mm. Distribution: China, Laos, Thailand.......................... S. falsus ( Sharp, 1875)

- Pronotal carinae, especially the transverse medial one, less protruding, delimiting less distinct depressions. Frons without distinct transverse carina connecting the two longitudinal carinae of vertex. Male protibia with three teeth on the lateral margin, except in S. uenoi in which they are almost completely effaced; male metasternum without pentagonal hollow........... 7

7 Lateral margins of pronotum subparallel. In males, clypeal margin between clypeal teeth acutely triangular, devoid of medial teeth. Male protibial teeth normally developed. In females, angle between clypeal teeth acute, rounded medially and devoid of small medial teeth. Superior left lobe of lamella copulatrix with a long falciform process; male genitalia as in Simonis (1985), female genitalia as in Roggero et al. (2015). More robust and larger species, body length 9.8–12.0 mm. Distribution: China, Thailand, Vietnam.................................................................. S. similis Simonis, 1985

- Lateral margins of pronotum parallel to oblique. In females, clypeal margin between clypeal teeth obtusely angled, broadly rounded to almost straight medially, with or without a small medial tooth. Male and female genitalia differently shaped. More slender species....................................................................................... 8

8 Lateral pronotal margins subparallel. Long setae on the dorsal side of metatibiae approximately 2–3 times shorter than metatibial height in the middle of metatibia. Male protibiae slightly arched, medial margin with distal apex not produced; protibial teeth almost completely effaced. Female clypeus at most with an imperceptible medial tooth between clypeal teeth. Basolateral plate of paramere almost reaching posterior edge of parameral apex in lateral view; male genitalia as in Ochi et al. (2004). Larger and less slender species, body length 10.6–11.7 mm. Distribution: China, Laos..... S. uenoi Ochi, Kon & Masumoto, 2004

- Lateral pronotal margins oblique, convergent towards the posterior margin. Long setae on the dorsal side of metatibiae approximately 4 or more times shorter than metatibial height in the middle of metatibia. Male protibia very slender, strongly arched, medial margin with distal apex clearly produced; protibial teeth small but usually visible. Female clypeus with a small, sharp medial tooth between clypeal teeth. Basolateral plate of paramere atrophied or far from posterior edge of parameral apex in lateral view........................................................................................ 9

9 Posterior third of pronotum covered with longitudinally elongated punctures. Sternites 4–6 punctate medially and anterolaterally, smooth in between. Male clypeal margin between clypeal teeth acute-angled, triangular. Basolateral plate of paramere atrophied; male and female genitalia as in Fig. 2a–d, 2i . Body length: 7.8–10.2 mm. Distribution: Laos, Thailand. S. exsul ( Sharp, 1875)

- Posterior third of pronotum covered with circular punctures. Sternites 4–6 evenly punctate. Male clypeal margin between clypeal teeth broadly obtuse, with a hint of a small medial tooth. Basolateral plate of paramere well developed; male and female genitalia as in Fig. 2e–h, 2j . Body length: 8.0–9.0 mm. Distribution: India, Laos.............. S. schoenfeldi new species

Figures

FIGURE 2. Genitalia of Sinodrepanus species. S. exsul: aedeagus in lateral (a), posterior (b) and dorsal (c) views; lamella copulatrix (d); female genitalia (i). S. schoenfeldi new species: aedeagus in lateral (e), posterior (f) and dorsal (g) views; lamella copulatrix (h); female genitalia (j).