Sciasmomyia longissima, Shi, Li, Gaimari, Stephen D. & Yang, Ding, 2013

Shi, Li, Gaimari, Stephen D. & Yang, Ding, 2013, Revision of Sciasmomyia Hendel (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), with eight new species, Zootaxa 3691 (4), pp. 401-435 : 414-417

Sciasmomyia longissima sp. nov.

( Figs 36–49 )

Diagnosis. Face with a brown median stripe and paired brown V or Y-shaped lateral stripes. Mesonotum with two brown spots anteriorly, and pair of wide grayish median stripes between dc rows (indistinct in few specimens); anepisternum pale brownish yellow to gray with a brown stripe or two brown spots; katepisternum brownish yellow to gray with a brown irregular spot close to anterior margin. Abdomen yellowish brown to gray pruinose; male tergites 2–6 and female tergites 2–7 each with pair of yellow elliptical lateral spots (yellow spots on tergites 3–5 absent in few specimens). Male with syntergosternite 7+8 small and fused to epandrium; epandrium apically with anteroventral bulge in lateral view; hypandrium thick and strongly sclerotized, with hypandrial apodeme longer than lateral arms; phallus strongly sclerotized with four pairs of strong lateral processes, and bluntly rounded apically in ventral view. Female with hypogynial valve arrow-like, with dense ventral setulae, but bare dorsally.

Description. MALE. Body length 6.8–7.2 mm, wing length 6.6–6.8 mm. FEMALE. Body length 6.5–7.3 mm, wing length 6.6–7.1 mm.

Head ( Fig. 38 ) yellow. Frons with two wide brown stripes extending to vertex; ocellar triangle black; oc strong, longer than anterior or. Face with a blackish brown median stripe and pair of brown V or Y-shaped lateral stripes, a large brown spot at ventral corner, a brown median spot and two brown transverse stripes on ventral margin; parafacial yellow except for inner margin black, with a brown elliptical spot at ventral corner. Gena about 1/2 height of eye, with a large brown spot. Antenna yellow to yellowish brown, 1st flagellomere 1.7 times longer than high; arista with longest setula about 1/5 height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow. Palpus brown.

Thorax ( Fig. 39 ) brownish yellow with grayish white or gray pruinosity. Mesonotum with two brown spots anteriorly and a pair of wide grayish median stripes between dc rows (indistinct in a few of specimens); anepisternum yellow to brownish yellow ( Fig. 36 ) to grayish pruinose ( Fig. 37 ), with a brown stripe or two brown spots; katepisternum brownish yellow to grayish pruinose, with a brown irregular spot close to anterior margin. Legs mostly yellow, fore femur brownish yellow, hind femur brownish yellow or pale brown on basal 3/4 of dorsal surface; all basitarsi with basal ring, tarsomere 2 brown on apical 1/2, and tarsomeres 3–5 entirely brown. Fore femur with 4–5 pv and 6 pd, mid femur with 4 weak a, hind femur with 1 weak preapical ad. Wing ( Fig. 40 ) pale brown with hyaline spots, all of which display white on that part of the vein, shapes of these hyaline spots variable in different individuals; series of medially constricted rectangular hyaline spots along costal margin extending through R2+3; crossvein r-m pale brown, incompletely surrounded by hyaline area; hyaline spot in cell r4+5 above dorsal tip of crossvein dm-cu; costa with 2nd (between R1 and R2+3), 3rd (between R2+3 and R4+5) and 4th (between R4+5 and M1) sections in proportion of 5.2:1.5:1; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1:1.6; ultimate section of CuA1 about 1/9 of penultimate. Halter pale yellow.

Abdomen yellow to gray pruinose. Male tergites 2–6 ( Fig. 41 ) and female tergites 2–7 ( Fig. 42 ) each with pair of yellow elliptical lateral spots (tergites 3–5 with yellow spots absent in few individuals; occasionally yellow lateral spots so large that only central area in dorsal view and posterior and lateral margins in lateral view dark); posterior margin (and sometimes central area) dark brown. Female with eversible vescicle extending out from brown pleural membrane at level between tergites 5 and 6. Male genitalia ( Figs 43–46 ): syntergosternite 7+8 reduced to two narrow lateral sclerites fused to epandrium; epandrium blackish brown, slender and ball-like apically with an anteroventral concavity; surstylus consisting of pair of blackish brown elliptical sclerites with setulae; hypandrium thick, with hypandrial apodeme much longer than lateral arms; phallus narrow with four pairs of lateral processes and bluntly rounded apically with two pairs of narrow and weak dorsoapical sclerites in ventral view; phallapodeme (fused to phallus) narrow. Female terminalia ( Figs 47–49 ): epiproct and hypoproct nearly triangular; hypogynial valve arrow-like, curved upwards apically with dense ventral setulae, bare on dorsal part in lateral view.

Type material. Holotype 3 (USNM): CHINA, Fujian Province (SW Fukien): Gang-Kon, 26.VII.1936. Paratypes: CHINA, Fujian Province: same data as holotype, but 26.VII.1936 (1 3, USNM); Guandong Province: Yim Na San, E Kwantung, 13. VI. 1936 (1Ƥ, USNM); Jiangxi Province: Tai An Hong, S Kiangsi, 7. VII. 1936 (1 Ƥ, USNM), Hong San, SE Kiangsi, 24. VI. 1936 (1Ƥ, USNM; 1Ƥ, CSCA), Hong San, SE Kiangsi, 25. VI. 1936 (1 3, 1 Ƥ, USNM), Hong San, SE Kiangsi, 28. VI. 1936 (1 3, 4Ƥ, USNM), Hong San, SE Kiangsi, 30. VI. 1936 (1Ƥ, USNM), Hong San, SE Kiangsi, 15. VII. 1936 (1Ƥ, CSCA); Zhejiang Province: Fengyangshan, Jinlidi, 1470 m, 8. X. 2008, Shenglong Liu (23, CAUC); Fengyangshan, Fengyangmiao, 1470 m, 12. XII. 2007, Shenglong Liu (3Ƥ, CAUC); Datianping, Cangku, 1290 m, 8. X. 2008, Shenglong Liu (1Ƥ, CAUC); Datianping, Shuikou, 1200 m, 5. XI. 2007, Shenglong Liu (1Ƥ, CSCA).

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang).

Remarks. The new species is similar to Sciasmomyia leishanensis sp. nov., S. meijerei , and S. thaii , but can be distinguished from them by characteristics of the male and female genitalia. In some individuals, the yellow lateral abdominal spots are so large that only the central area in dorsal view and the posterior and lateral margins in lateral view are dark. Although somewhat similar to S. quadricuspis sp. nov., in that species only the central area is dark, while the posterior and lateral margins in lateral view are always yellow.

Etymology. Latin, longissima , meaning very long; refers to the hypandrium being broadly Y-shaped and very long; a feminine adjective.

Figures

FIGURES 36 – 42. Sciasmomyia longissima sp. nov. Paratype females and male. 36, 37. female habitus, lateral view; 38. male head, anterior view; 39. male thorax, dorsal view; 40. male wing; 41. male abdomen, lateral view; 42. female abdomen, lateral view.

FIGURES 43 – 49. Sciasmomyia longissima sp. nov. Paratype male. 43. syntergosternite 7 + 8 and epandrial complex, lateral view; 44. syntergosternite 7 + 8 and epandrial complex, posterior view; 45. phallus complex, ventral view; 46. phallus complex, lateral view. Paratype female. 47. abdomen tergites and sternites 5 – 9, lateral view; 48. hypogynial valve, ventral view; 49. spermathecae. Scale 0.1 mm. Abbreviation: hv = hypogynial valve.