Pamphilius volatilis ( Smith, 1874 )

Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja & Taeger, Andreas, 2022, The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), Zootaxa 5167 (1), pp. 1-251 : 83-84

Pamphilius volatilis ( Smith, 1874)

( Figs 133 , 134 ) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405334)

Lyda volatilis Smith, 1874: 384 .

Pamphilius smithii Kirby, 1882: 343 .

Pamphilius volatilis: Gussakovskij, 1935: 180 , 376; Beneš 1974: 308, 313; Shinohara & Okutani, 1983: 278; Shinohara, 1985a: 348; Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2001: 114, 115; Shinohara, 2002a: 192; Shinohara, 2002b: 431; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara & Hara, 2005: 273; Shinohara & Lelej, 2007: 933, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 91; Sundukov & Lelej, 2012: 109; Shinohara, 2013: 96; Sundukov, 2017: 106; Lee et al., 2019: 11; Shinohara, 2019: 12; Shinohara, 2020: 15, 245.

Material examined. About 1450 specimens, including the holotype, and 218 specimens from South Korea ( Beneš 1974; Shinohara 1985a; National Museum of Nature and Science 2021; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 4♂ ( NSMT 30744–30802), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 25–26. V . 2008 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 30♂, same locality, 27. V.–5. VI . 2009 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 11♂, same locality, 11–17. VI . 2010 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT).

Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).

Host plant. Rosaceae : Cerasus spp. , Crataegus chlorosarca .

Remarks. This species belongs to the P. sylvaticus group ( Shinohara 1985 a, 2002b). It is fairly common in Japan and apparently also in South Korea (1110 Japanese specimens and 177 Korean specimens recorded by National Museum of Nature and Science 2021) but only two specimens were recorded from Primorskij Kraj ( Beneš 1974). In both the COI and NaK analyses (Figs 145,159), the 11 specimens from Japan and Korea were retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support, though the intraspecific genetic variation was rather large. The maximum intraspecific p -distance was 2.4% in COI (n=11) and 0.5% in NaK (n=11). The nearest neighbour was P. m. montanus diverging by a minimum of 4.1% in the COI analysis and P. alnicola diverging by a minimum of 0.6% in the NaK analysis. In both COI and NaK trees ( Figs 145 , 159 ), P. volatilis was retrieved as sister to the clade P. benesi + P. pallidus but with low UFBoot support, 82% in COI and 45% in NaK.

The larvae are gregarious leaf-rollers on Cerasus and Crataegus (Rosaceae) .

Figures

FIGURE 133. Pamphilius volatilis, female, Japan – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) antenna, (g) claw, (h) sawsheath laterally.

FIGURE 134. Pamphilius volatilis, male, Korea – (a) dorsally, (b) face, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) lateroventrally, (f) antenna, (g) genitalia dorsally, (h) genitalia ventrally, (i) claw.

FIGURE 145. Condensed ML tree based on CO1 gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius sylvaticus group, part 1.

FIGURE 159. Condensed ML tree based on NaK gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius sylvaticus group.