Hapalotremus perezmilesi, Ferretti & Cavallo & Chaparro & Ríos-Tamayo & Seimon & West, 2018

Ferretti, Nelson, Cavallo, Patricio, Chaparro, Juan C., Ríos-Tamayo, Duniesky, Seimon, Tracie A. & West, Rick, 2018, The Neotropical genus Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with the description of seven new species and the highest altitude record for the family, Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (29 - 30), pp. 1927-1984 : 1973-1975

Hapalotremus perezmilesi sp. nov.

( Figures 30–33 , 37 )

Type material

Male holotype ( MUBI) from Peru, Carabaya, Puno, Ollachea , between Ollachea and Corani (- 13.8892 S, - 70.5106 W), 3859 m a .s .l., 4 February 2007, Juan C . Chaparro col .; four paratypes females ( MUBI), same data as holotype .

Etymology

The specific name is a patronym in honour of Fernando Pérez-Miles for his great contributions to the knowledge of systematics, biogeography, ecology and behaviour of Neotropical Theraphosidae .

Additional material examined

Immature ( MUBI) from Peru, Carabaya, Puno, Ollachea , between Ollachea and Corani (- 13.8892 S, - 70.5106 W), 3859 m a .s .l., 4 February 2007, Juan C . Chaparro col .

Diagnosis

Males and females resemble those of H. chespiritoi sp. nov. by the body size (about 3 cm long) but differ by the reduced number of labial cuspules (4–8) ( Figure 30e ). Males resemble those of H. martinorum by the shape of palpal bulb and the much curved embolus but differ from them by the absence of an accessory keel (AK) on apical embolus ( Figure 31a–d ). Females can be easily distinguished from those of the other species by the spermathecae being oblong with basal portion slightly wider than apical, the apical median region almost straight and apical lateral projections inconspicuous ( Figure 33e ).

Description

Holotype male (MUBI): Total length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 28.5, carapace length 13.0, width 12.3, abdomen 13.6 long. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.5.

Colour pattern (in alcohol): carapace brown with white long setae on margins, legs black with white setae on coxae, abdomen black with long light yellow setae on a dorsal posterior urticating patch ( Figure 30a–c ).

Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved ( Figure 30d ). Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.24, ALE 0.31, PME 0.18, PLE 0.35, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.16, PME–PME 0.56, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.18, Ocular tubercle length 1.0, width 1.5, clypeus 0.75. Labium length 1.5, width 2.5 with four cuspules ( Figure 30e ). Maxillae: right with 71 cuspules, left with 65 cuspules. Sternum length 6.5, width 5.0. Three pairs of sternal oval sigillae, first pair hardly visible, second and third pairs visible, third pair about its length from the margin ( Figure 30b ). Chelicerae with 11 well-developed teeth on promargin of furrow and six small teeth on retromargin.

Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 10.8, 6.4, 7.0, 8.4, 5.8, 38.4; II: 10.0, 5.6, 6.8, 7.8, 6.0, 36.2; III: 8.9, 5.0, 6.5, 9.0, 6.1, 35.5; IV: 11.3, 5.4, 8.7, 12.4, 6.7, 44.5; palp: 8.3, 5.0, 7.5, –, 3.3, 24.1. Field of spiniform setae on basal retrolateral face of palp and legs I–IV. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.5 long; PLS, three-segmented, 4.4 long.

Scopulae: All tarsi densely scopulate and divided ventrally by conical long setae increasing in number from tarsus I to IV. Metatarsi I 2/3 divided by two lines of setae, II 1/2 scopulate divided by three lines of setae, III 1/3 scopulate divided by three lines of setae, IV almost inconspicuous apical scopulate, hardly visible and divided by numerous conical setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two parallel rows of nonplumose clavate trichobothria interspersed with filiform, separated by a row of long, thin setae.

Chaetotaxy (left side): Femora; palp 1d; I 1d; II 0; III 2-1-1d, 1r; IV 1-1d; patellae; palp 1d; I 0; II 1v; III 1v, 1r; IV 1d,; tibiae: palp 0; I 3v, 1p; II 3-2-1-2v,1-1p, 1-1r; III 1d, 2-1-2v, 2-2- 1-1p, 1-1-1-1r; IV 1d, 2-2-2v, 1-1p, 1-1-1-1r; metatarsi I 3v, 1p, 1r; II 1-1d, 1-2-3v, 1-1p, 1-1r; III 1-2-3d, 1-2-3v, 1-2p, 1-2r; IV 1d, 2-1-1v, 2-1-1-1-1-2-1p, 1-1-1-1r; tarsi I–IV, 0.

Metatarsus I very curved at middle area ( Figure 30g ). Tibia I about 10% shorter than metatarsus I. Tibia I with two apophyses, which originated from a common base, and branches of equal size. The retrolateral branch conical; the prolateral branch digitiform bearing a short and strong spine on retrolateral side ( Figure 30f, g ). Flexion of metatarsus I between the two branches.

Palp: palpal tibia with a well-developed retrolateral rounded process ( Figure 30h, i ) on apex. Palpal bulb base lacking a digitiform apophysis ( Figure 31a ). Embolus thin and curved to the retrolateral face with prolateral keels well-developed; PI beginning at basal ventral portion of embolus bearing a blunt medial crest; PS less developed than PI, hardly visible ( Figure 31a–d ). Apical keel small, located below the apex of embolus.

Urticating setae: Type III present and arranged in one dorsal posterior patch on the abdomen ( Figure 30c ).

Paratype female (MUBI): Total length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets), 30.0, carapace length, 14.0, width 12.5, abdomen 14.5 long. Fovea slightly procurved, width 1.75.

Colour pattern (in alcohol): carapace pale brown with white short setae on dorsal central area and margins, legs brown with white setae on coxae, abdomen dark with orange setae on urticating patch, spinnerets pale brown ( Figure 32a–e ).

Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved ( Figure 33b ). Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.25, PME 0.22, PLE 0.23, AME–AME 0.31, AME–ALE 0.22, PME–PME 0.76, PME–PLE 0.07, ALE–PLE 0.13, Ocular tubercle length 1.25, width 1.75, clypeus 0.75. Labium length 1.75, width 2.50 with five cuspules ( Figure 33a ). Maxillae: right with 65 cuspules, left with 67 cuspules. Sternum length 6.1, width 5.0. Three pairs of sternal oval sigillae, first pair hardly visible, second and third pairs visible, third pair about its length from the margin ( Figure 32b ). Chelicerae with 11 well-developed teeth on promargin of furrow and 8 small teeth on the retromargin.

Leg formula: IV> I> III> II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 9.8, 6.6, 7.2, 6.4, 4.8, 34.8; II: 8.7, 5.3, 6.0, 6.7, 5.2, 31.9; III: 8.6, 5.3, 5.5, 7.5, 5.6, 32.5; IV: 10.2, 5.2, 8.2, 10.4, 6.8, 40.8; palp: 6.9, 5.3, 5.9, –, 6.0, 24.1. Field of spiniform setae on basal retrolateral face of palp and legs I–IV. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.2 long; PLS, three-segmented, 4.4 long.

Scopulae: All tarsi densely scopulate and divided by conical long setae increasing in number from tarsus I to IV ( Figure 33c, d ). Metatarsi I 3/4 scopulate divided by three lines of setae, II 1/2 scopulate divided by four lines of setae, III 1/3 scopulate divided by more than four lines of setae, IV almost inconspicuous apical scopulate, hardly visible and divided by numerous conical setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi with two parallel rows of nonplumose clavate trichobothria interspersed with filiform, separated by a row of long, thin setae ( Figure 33c ).

Chaetotaxy (left side): Femora; palp 0; I 0; II 0; III 1d; IV 0; patellae of palp and legs 0; tibiae: palp 4v; I 1v, 1r; II 1-3v, 1r; III 2-3v, 1r; IV 2-1-2v, 1-1p, 1-1r; metatarsi: I 1-3v; II 2-1- 1-3v, 1r; III 1d, 2-2-3v, 1-1-1-1p, 1-1-1r; IV 1-2-2-1-2v, 1-1-1-1p, 1-1-1-1r; tarsi I–IV, 0.

Genitalia: Single spermathecal receptaculum oblong with basal portion slightly wider than apical; apical median region almost straight and apical lateral projections not developed ( Figure 33e ).

Urticating setae: Type III present and arranged in one dorsal posterior patch on the abdomen ( Figure 32c ).

Variation

Total length, females (n = 4): 25.1–33.6 (mean = 30.1 ± 3.6SD), carapace length, females: 11.2–16.4 (13.8 ± 2.1). Length of palp and legs, females: palp 15.3–24.1 (20.4 ± 4.03), I 22.2–36.1 (30.8 ± 6.2), II 20.6–32.4 (28.5 ± 5.4), III 20.1–32.5 (28 ± 5.6), IV 25.8–42 (36.4 ± 7.3). Labial cuspules, females 5–8, maxillary cuspules, right 53–84, left 58–91.

Distribution and natural history

Know only from the type locality at about 3800 m a.s.l. ( Figure 37 ).

Figures

Figure 30. (a–i) Hapalotremus perezmilesi sp. nov., male holotype (MUBI). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum,ventral view.(c) Abdomen,dorsalview.(d) Eyes,dorsal view.(e) Labium and maxillae,ventral view. (f) Tibial apophysis,ventral view.(g) Leg I, lateral view.(h) Palpal tibia,prolateral view.(i) Palpal tibia,ventral view. Arrows indicate the rounded process. Scale bars: a–c: 5 mm. d–i: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti.

Figure 31. (a–d) Hapalotremus perezmilesi sp. nov., male holotype right palpal bulb (MUBI). (a) Retrolateral view. (b) Prolateral view. (c) Dorsal view. (d) Ventral view. A, apical keel; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti.

Figure 32. (a–e) Hapalotremus perezmilesi sp. nov., female paratype (MUBI). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Abdomen, ventral view. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti.

Figure 33. (a–e) Hapalotremus perezmilesi sp. nov., female paratype (MUBI). (a) Labium, ventral view. (b) Eyes, dorsal view. (c) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (d) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti.

Figure 37. Distribution map of Hapalotremus species from Peru.