Scoparia, HAWORTH, 1811

Li, Wei-Chun & Liu, Dong, 2014, DNA barcoding and morphology reveal exceptional species diversity of Scoparia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from the Hailuogou Glacier area, China, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171 (4), pp. 732-752 : 735

SCOPARIA HAWORTH, 1811

Scoparia Haworth, 1811: 498 . Type species: Tinea pyralella (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775 .

Eudorea Curtis, 1827 : folio 170. Type species: Tinea pyralella (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775 .

Scopea Haworth, 1828: 590 . Unnecessary replacement name for Scoparia Haworth, 1811 .

Phegea Gistel, 1848 : ix. Unnecessary replacement name for Eudorea Curtis, 1827 .

Eudoroea Bruand, 1851: 26 . Incorrect subsequent spelling of Eudorea Curtis, 1827 .

Tetraprosopus Butler, 1882: 97 . Type species: Tetraprosopus meyrickii Butler, 1882 .

Xeroscopa Meyrick, 1884: 349 . Type species: Scoparia ejuncida Knaggs, 1867 .

Sineudonia Leraut, 1986: 128 . Type species: Sineudonia brunnea Leraut, 1986 .

General characters

Forewing length 5–12 mm. Labial palpus generally blackish brown, first and second segments ventrally with long downwards white scales. Maxillary palpus usually blackish brown except white base and tip. Antenna mostly brown and white alternately on dorsal surface. Forewing ground colour usually white, with three white transverse lines (antemedian, postmedian, and subterminal lines) and three black stigmata (two antemedian stigmata and one distal discoidal stigma). Hindwing white to pale brown. Legs white, covered with brown scales on outer side; tarsi white and brown alternately on outer side. Male genitalia with developed uncus and gnathos; valva with well-developed sacculus and bearing free distal process; phallus generally with cornutus, opening of ductus ejaculatorius anteriorly. Female genitalia with broad and short papillae anales, apophysis posterior and apophysis anterior long and thin; tergite 8 usually shorter than apophysis anterior; ductus seminalis arising anterior to colliculum.

Distribution

All continents except Antarctica and many oceanic islands, but do not occur in tropical lowland forests ( Li, Li & Nuss, 2010).

Remarks

Ever since the first specimen of Scoparis was collected by Leech from Pu-tsu-Fang (∼ 2993 m a.s.l.) in China in 1890, the genus has never been reviewed from China until 2010 ( Li, Li & Nuss, 2010). To date, 24 verified species have been known in China, which are mostly known from localities ranging from low (50 m a.s.l.) to relatively high (2000 m a.s.l.) elevations ( Li, Li & Nuss, 2010; Li, 2012; Li & Liu, 2013). Specimens collected at high elevations are rare, possibly because the high mountainous areas in western China are difficult to access.