Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881

Nunes, Caio Ceza da Silva, Susini-Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira & Cavalcante, Kaoli Pereira, 2019, Dinoflagellates in tropical estuarine waters from the Maraú River, Camamu Bay, northeastern Brazil, Check List 15 (5), pp. 951-963 : 955

Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881

Figure 3A, B

Brazil, estuary of Maraú River: River Zone Station 1, 14°06′33″S, 039°02′48″W, IX.2006 (HUESC 24039), X.2006 (HUESC 24042), XI.2006 (HUESC 24046), VI. 2007 (HUESC 24074); Mixing Zone Station 2, 14°04′ 52″S, 038°59′12″W, X.2006 (HUESC 24043), II.2007 (HUESC 24059), VI.2007 (HUESC 24075), VII.2007 (HUESC 24079), VIII.2007 (HUESC 24083); Mixing Zone Station 3, 13°57′24″S, 038°59′38″W, IX.2006 (HUESC 24040), X.2006 (HUESC 24044), XI.2006 (HUESC 24048), XII.2006 (HUESC 24052), I.2007 (HUESC 24056), II.2007 (HUESC 24060), III.2007 (HUESC 24064), IV.2007 (HUESC 24068), V.2007 (HUESC 24072), VI.2007 (HUESC 24076), VII.2007 (HUESC 24080), Coastal Zone Station 4, 13°54′56″S,

038°58′57″W, IX.2006 (HUESC 24041), X.2006 (HUESC 24045), I.2007 (HUESC 24057), II.2007 (HUESC 24061), III.2007 (HUESC 24065), VI.2007 (HUESC 24077), VIII.2007 (HUESC 24085).

Cells with reduced epitheca and large hypotheca, prolonged by a well-defined caudal appendage posteriorly–ventrally oriented, in lateral view, dorsal margin of cell convex and ventral margin usually straight, short right sulcal list and long left one, supported by three well-developed ribs.

Taxonomic remarks: many specimens observed in this study are similar to the species described as Dinophysis diegensis Kofoid ; however, these small cells are currently considered as an intermediate stage of D. caudata ( Reguera et al. 2007) .

Typical D. caudata cells: CL: 37.5–90.0 μm (61.2 ± 20.6 μm), TL: 55–100 μm (87.7 ± 19.9 μm), CW: 25.0– 62.5 μm (39.2 ± 11.3 μm), TW: 30–75 μm (57.5 ± 14.3 μm), R1–R2: 12.5–27.5 μm (20.6 ± 4.6 μm), R2–R3: 10–25 μm (16.9 ± 4.9 μm) (n = 27).

Small forms ( D. diegensis -like): CL: 32.5–37.5 μm (35 ± 2.5 μm), TL: 40–50 μm (46.7 ± 5.77 μm), CW: 17.5– 22.5 μm (20 ± 2.5 μm), TW: 25–30 μm (26.7 ± 2.89 μm), R1–R2: 10–15 μm (11.7 ± 2.89 μm), R2–R3: 7.5–12.5 μm (9.2 ± 2.89 μm) (n = 5).

Distribution in Brazil: widely distributed on the eastern, southeastern, and southeastern coasts of Brazil ( Flora do Brasil 2019).