Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard, 1851

Ponce, Andrés Ramírez, Caballero, Santiago Zaragoza & Seidel, Maưhias, 2024, Geometric morphometry enables species hypotheses testing and the assignment of historical type specimens in the genus Callirhinus Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Anomalini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202, pp. 1-26 : 17-19

Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard, 1851

( Figs 5 , 6A, B , 7A, B , 10 )

Synonyms: Callirhinus reflexus Casey 1915: 67 . Revised (USNM). var. Callirhinus virescens ( Burmeister 1855: 494) . Not revised.

Type material: Lectotype (♂; MNHN):(a) ‘2,44’ (handwritten; green rounded label); (b) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard, 1851 ♂. LECTOTYPE. Des. Ramírez-Ponce, A. 2019’. By present designation . Paralectotype (♀; MNHN): (a) ‘2, 44’ (handwritten; green round label); (b) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard, 1851 ♂. PARALECTOTYPE. Des. Ramírez-Ponce, A. 2019’. By present designation; Callirhinus reflexus : syntype ( USNM): (a) ‘ Guadalajiro / Mexico’, (b) ‘ Callirhinus reflexus Csy’ (handwritten), (c) ‘TYPE USNM/ 48506 ’ (red label), (d) ‘CASEY/ bequest/ 1925’, (e) ‘ ♂ ’.

Additional material: (a) ‘ MEXICO: Jalisco / Guadalajara/ VIII-21-1970 /M.Wasbauer,G.Echo’,(b)‘UCB’,(c)‘leg.Chemsak 96’, (d) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ [3 ♂♂; ARPC (1); DCC (2)]; (a) ‘ México: Jalisco, La / Primavera, 1650 m / 1-3-VI-96/ G. Nogueira col’., (b) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (2 ♂♂; ARPC); (a) ‘ MÉXICO: Jalisco / Zapopan, Nextipac/ 27/ VIII/2012 / A. Bitar col., (b) 20°46´05´´ N / 103° 31´52´´ W / 1640 m’, (c) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; ARPC); (a) ‘ MEXIQUE / Guadalajara/ Jalisco’, (b) ‘MUSÉUM PARIS/ 1931/ J. BERLIOZ’, (c) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (7 ♂♂; MNHN); (a) ‘ MEX: JALISCO / Zapatero 1630 m / 15-19 x 2005 / D. Curoe col’., (b) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (1 ♂; DCC); (a) ‘ MEXICO: Jalisco / P. del Zapatero/ 14-x-2012 / Bitar, col’., (b) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det.2022’(2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; ARPC); (a) ‘ MEXICO: Jalisco / Zapoltitic 1280m / 15-VIII-96/ Sánchez y Vargas’, (b) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ [(3 ♂♂; ARPC (1); MXAL (2)]; (a) ‘ MÉXICO: Jalisco / Nevado de Colima / (El Fresnito)/ 2554 m’., (b) ‘ 20-VII-2014 / G. Nogueira col’., (c) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; IEXA); (a) ‘ MEX: Jalisco / Mazamitla. P. del/ Zapatero. 14/10/12/ A. Bitar, J. L. Ortega’, (b) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (4 ♀♀; MXAL); (a) ‘Tonila,/ Colima,/ Höge’, (b) ‘H.W.Bates/ BiolCentAmer’, (c) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanch. (handwritten)’, (d) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (2 ♂♂; MNHN); (a) ‘Morelia,/ Michoacán,/ Höge’, (b) H.W.Bates/ BiolCentAmer’, (c) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (2 ♂♂; MNHN); (a) ‘Morelia,/ Michoacán,/ Höge’, (b) MUSEUM PARIS/AMÉRIQUE CENTR.,/ COLL. DU BIOL CENTR AMER./ GODMAN 1908”, (c) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens / Bl (handwritten)’, (d) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (1 ♂; MNHN); (a) ‘mexico (handwritten)’, (b) ‘MUSEUM PARIS/ (COLL CHEVROLAT)/ Coll. L. FAIRMAIRE 1906’, (c) ‘Ohaus determ./ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanch. (handwritten)’, (d) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (1 ♂; MNHN); (a) ‘MUSEUM PARIS/ MEXIQUE / DUGES 1864’, (b) ‘146/ 64 (circular green label, handwritten)’, (c) ‘Ohaus determ./ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanch. (handwritten)’, (d) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (1 ♂; MNHN); (a) ‘MUSEUM PARIS/ MEXIQUE / ETAT DE JALISCO / L. DIGUET 1900’, (b) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (1 ♂; MNHN); (a) ‘ MEXICO / Michoacán / Cotija/ IX 7-8 1972 ’, (b) ‘B Villegas/ E A Kane/ Colrs’, (c) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens / DET. A.R. Hardy 1976’ (2 ♀♀; MXAL); (a) ‘Yuriria, GUANAJUATO / 6-IX-81: 1820 m / Cultivo maíz/frijol/calabaza/ Col. D. Zizumbo’, (b) ‘ Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard Ramírez-Ponce det. 2022’ (1 ♂; COLPOS); (a) ‘ MEXICO, Jalisco:/ Zapopan, Bosque la/ Primavera, Rancho/ Tres Rios, 28 Aug/ 1999, R. Leschen &/ J. L. Navarette’, (b) ‘ex at large/on flowers,/ 20°41´1.4´´N,/ 103°36´32.8´´W’, (c) ‘Coll. Matthias/ Seidel 2019’, (d) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2022’, (e) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD[00342033-00342036]’ (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; MSPC); (a) ‘Mexico-Colima/ Minatilán env. 9.2002/ S. Pokorný lgt’., (b) ‘ex. coll. S. Pokorný/ National Museum/ Prague, Czech Republic’, (c) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens / Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2019’, (d) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00342073’ (1 ♂; NMPC); (a) ‘Guadalajara/ Mexico’ (handwritten), (b) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens / Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2019’, (c) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00342074’ (1 ♀; NMPC);(a)‘Guadalajara/Mexico’.,(b)‘ Callirhinus / metallescens / Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2019’, (c) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00342075’ (1♂; NMPC); (a) ‘Guadalajara,/ 8.1.03 Mex’., (b) ‘ Callirhinus / reflexus?/ Casey/ DET:/ H.F. Howden 67’, (c) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2019’, (d) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD[00348209-00348212]’ (CNC: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; MSPC: 1 ♀); (a) ‘ MEX., Jalisco,/ 5miE Guadalajara/ VIII.9.63, (b) A. Hardy/ Collr’., (c) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2019’, (d) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD[00348216-00348217]’ (2 ♂♂; CNC); (a) ‘ MEX., Jalisco,/ Magdalena/ VIII.22.63’, (b) ‘A. Hardy/ Collr’., (c) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2019’, (d) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00348218’ (1 ♂; CNC); (a) ‘Morelia,/ Michoacán./ Höge’., (b) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Bl’, (c) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanchard, 1851 / det.M. Seidel2019’, (d) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00348213’ (1 ♀; NHMW); (a) ‘ MEX., Jal.: 9.2 km W/ Guadalajara/ 8 – 9 Sept. 1976 / C. D. George &/ R. R. Snelling, colls’., (b) ‘No./ On Baccharis/ glutinosa Pers’., (c) ‘ CALLIRHINUS / METALLESCENS/ BLANCHARD/ det. M.E. Jameson 2001’, (d) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2019’, (e) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00342029’ (1 ♂; MLJC); (a) ‘ MEXICO – Jalisco / Guadalajara/ 2 Sept 1971 / J. L. Petty’, (b) ‘Collection of/ Mary Liz Jameson’, (c) ‘ CALLIRHINUS / METALLESCENS/ BLANCH./ det M.E. Jameson 1997’, (d) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2019’, (e) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00342028’ (1 ♂; MLJC); (a) ‘Morelia,/ Michoacan./ Höge’., (b) ‘Biol. C. Amer./ Don/ Godman et Salvin’, (c) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanc (handwritten)’, (d) ‘ Callirhinus / metallescens/ Blanchard, 1851 / det. M. Seidel 2019’, (e) ‘WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00342038’ (1 ♂; RBINS).

Diagnosis: Pronotum with posterior lateral margins subparallel; surface with shallow and disperse punctation. Mesometaventral projection wide. Protibia with apical denticle not elongate. Protarsomere 4 with interno-mesial lobe notably increased. Parameres elongated, outer edge nearly straight.

Redescription: Holotype male (MNHN; Fig. 5 ): length 8.77 mm; width 4.24 mm. Colour: reddish black; head, meso- and metaventrite bright olive green; legs intense reddish brown. Head: frons densely punctate; punctures moderately in size, rounded. Clypeus with apex straight, reflexed, lateral borders straight, broad-based; densely punctate, punctures rugulose-transverse. Interocular width equals to 4.9 transverse eye diameters. Antennal club subequal to scape, pedicel, and funicle together. Pronotum: lateral margins slightly divergent (from the posterior half); surface moderately densely punctate (separated by a 1.5 diameter or little more), punctures deep, rounded. Elytra: surface with 12 punctate striae almost parallel; punctures moderate in size, shallow, regularly contiguous; 7 striae on disc, 5 laterad of humerus; dorsal striae regularly impressed; all striae not mixed; 1st humeral striae irregularly impressed, incomplete; interstriae slightly raised, sutural striae not raised on distal half, subbasal sinuation not deep. Pygidium: surface imbricate, with short and thick setae, some long and very slender on apex; concavity pronounced in apical third (lateral view). Venter: mesometaventral projection wide, surpassing the mid-mesocoxa, apex rounded and protruding (lateral view); abdominal ventrites with transverse, regular rows of short, yellowish setae, mesial area almost glabrous. Legs: protibia moderately wide; upper teeth relatively elongated, curved, and pointed; protarsomere 5 enlarged, subequal to the length of the previous ones combined, internobasal protuberance keel-shaped; protarsomeres 1–4 progressively shorter and very widened; protarsomere 4 with interno-mesial lobe notably increased; protarsomere 1 subequal to 2. Lower ramus of inner claw 3.2 times the width of upper one. Mesotibia widest at middle, weakly expanded at apex; external margin with separate, thick, and long spines at the base; incomplete, oblique carina in basal third (composed of 5–6 spines), and almost completely oblique carina in subapical two-thirds (composed of 8 spines); apex with 8–9 relatively long spines; apical spurs rounded; internal spine produced to near apex of mesotarsomere 2, external spur subequal to mesotarsomere 1. Metatibia widest at middle, weakly expanded at apex; external margin with incomplete oblique carina at basal third (composed of 6 spines relatively long), and continuous oblique carina in subapical two-thirds (composed of 9 spines); apex with 13–15 relatively long spines; internal spine produced near to apex of mesotarsomere 2, external spur subequal to mesotarsomere 1. Metatarsomere 5 subequal to the length of the previous ones combined; internal mesoapical patch of setae absent in metatarsomere 4; internal spines on metatarsomere 1 and external ones in metatarsomere 4 thick. Parameres: as long as wide; external margins almost straight, inconspicuous preapical notch present; apices rounded ( Fig. 5B ).

Sexual dimorphism: Female similar to male with the following exceptions: body wider at humeral calli; antennal club shorter, slightly shorter than pedicel and funiculum together; protibia with apical denticle noticeably longer and curved, thin; protarsus thin: the 1st twice length as much as the 2nd; the 2nd to 4th as long as wide; internal protarsal claw thin, with the upper ramus slightly thinner than the lower (1.5 times wider).

Variation: This species as defined in the present paper, exhibits a wide range of chromatic variation (metallic green and ochre or completely dark green) ( Fig. 8A, B ), and body size (ranging between 7–11 mm), as well as morphological variation in the apical denticle of the protibia (short and rounded or elongated and acute), width of the clypeus, and width of the apex of the parameres.

Etymology: The specific epithet ‘ metallescens ’ derives from the ancient Greek ‘μέταλον’ (métallon: mine, quarry, metal), and the Latin adjective suffix ‘ escens ’ (process of becoming), regarding to the intense metallic lustre in the tegument of the type specimen.

Distribution: Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, and Michoacán, Mexico ( Fig. 15 ).

Phenology: June (2), July (7), August (21), September (6), and October (9).

Natural history: This species inhabits tropical deciduous forests, oak forests, secondary communities, corn crops and even suburban areas located between 1170 and 2554 m a.s.l., mainly active in adult state in the rainy season, and feeding on ruderal plants ( Morón et al. 1997).

Taxonomic remarks: Blanchard (1851) associated this species with Old World taxa due to its resemblance in the shape of the clypeus mainly, akin to Anisoplia Schönherr, Tropiorhynchus Blanchard, and Rhinyptia Burmeister , a criterion that has prevailed to date under Anisopliina Burmeister; however, it is difficult to consider these genera as members of a natural group.

Burmeister (1855) described the variation ‘ virescens ’, but due to the brief description and absence of locality data, it is impossible to differentiate.

Casey (1915) described an additional species, C. reflexus , very similar to the type specimen housed at the MNHN. However, in Jalisco and Colima states, where the distribution area of this species has been defined in this work, the greatest intraspecific variation is present, but due to the reduced number of representatives of such variations, it was not possible to discriminate them with the morphometric analysis of the pronotum. It is possible that the species actually represents a complex of three or more species, whose speciation have been promoted by a vicariant process due to the presence of the Chapala Lake, as has been documented with other taxa ( Mudge et al. 2003), as well as an altitudinal differentiation with the Colima Volcano, a priority land region for conservation with a high value for conservation for the elevated presence of endemism and great specific richness (Manantlán-Volcán de Colima) ( Arriaga et al. 2000).

Figures

Figure 5. Lectotype of Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard at MNHN:(A) habitus in dorsal view (scale bar: 2 mm); (B) parameres in frontal view (scale bar:1 mm); (C) type labels with the historical record of entry to the collection; (D) ordinary taxonomic labels typical of the MNHN.

Figure 6. Diagnostic characters in the genus Callirhinus Blanchard.(A) oblique habitus; (B) ventral plate (frontal view); (C) spiculum gastrale; (D) metathoracic wing; (E) labium; (F) mandible; (G) maxilla; (H) labrum; (I) supraocular area; (J) the arrow points to the prosternal projection; (K) mesepimera; (L) metatarsomeres.

Figure 7. Natural habitat of Callirhinus metallescens on Bouteloua Lagasca (Poaceae): (A) specimen observed at Municipio de Apatzingán, Michoacán (picture taken by Gustavo Arciga Cárdenas), (B) specimens observed at Pénjamo, Guanajuato (picture taken by Francisco Acosta González).

Figure 8. Habitus of Callirhinus spp.: (A, B) Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard; (C) Callirhinus choperi sp. nov; (D) Callirhinus nandu sp. nov., (E) Callirhinus huiinis sp. nov., (F) Callirhinus veeme sp. nov. (Scale bar 2 mm).

Figure 10. Callirhinus metallescens Blanchard: (A) ventral habitus, (B) lateral habitus, (C) head, dorsal view, (D) head, oblique view, (E) pronotum, dorsal view, (F) pronotum, punctation detail, (G) pygidium, frontal view, (H) protibia, dorsal view, (I) protarsomeres, lateral view, (J) metatarsomeres, lateral view, (K) mesotibia, ventro-lateral view, (L) metatibia, ventro-lateral view.

Figure 15. Distribution map of the genus Callirhinus Blanchard.