Euphaea guerini A synopsis of the Euphaeidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) of Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species of Euphaea Phan, Quoc Toan Kompier, Tom Karube, Haruki Hayashi, Fumio Zootaxa 2018 2018-01-24 4375 2 151 190 9X2NV Phan & Hayashi Phan & Kompier & Karube & Hayashi 2018 [151,546,1570,1597] Insecta Euphaeidae Euphaea GBIF Animalia Odonata 28 179 Arthropoda species saola sp. nov.    Euphaea guerini[nec. Rambur, 1842]: van Tol & Rozendaal (1995), p. 102 ( Fig. 20) [Illustration of S9–10 of unspecified locality in Vietnam]; Karjalainen & Hämäläinen (2013), p. 202) [Photo of male from Lak Sao, Bolikhamxay Prov., Laos].     Holotype. ♂, A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien-Hue Prov.,  18.IX.2015, Q.T. Phanand F. Hayashileg. Depositedat Zoological Collection of Systematic Zoology Institutein Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan( TMUZ). Male paratypes. 4♂, A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien-Hue Prov.,  18.IX.2015, Q.T. Phan, F. Hayashiand H. Karubeleg. (FHC).     Female paratype. 1♀, A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien-Hue Prov.,  18.IX.2015, F. Hayashileg. (FHC).  Othermaterials examined.[ Vietnam] 2♂, Quang Binh Prov.,  VI.2016, T. Kompierleg. (TKC);  Quang TriProv.,  VI.2016, T. Kompierleg. (TKC);  Thua Thien-HueProv.,  VI.2016, T. Kompierleg. (TKC);  3♂ 1♀, A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien-HueProv.,  18.IX.2015, F. Hayashileg. (FHC);  3♂, Dong Giang District, Quang NamProv.,  26.V.2015, Q.T. Phanleg. ( PQTC);  3♂ 1♀, Quang NamProv.,  21.VI.2016, T. Kompierleg. (TKC);  1♂, Ba Na Nature Reserve, Da Nangcity,  22.V.2017, Q.T. Phanleg. ( PQTC);  4♂ 1♀, Chu Mom Ray National Park, Kon TumProv.,  22.V.2017, Q.T. Phanleg. ( PQTC);  10♂, Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Khanh HoaProv.,  16.IV.2017, Q.T. Phanleg. ( PQTC);  4♂, Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien-HueProv.,  28.VI.2017, Q.T. Phanleg. ( PQTC);  8♂, Chu Yang Sin National Park, Dak LakProv.,  30.IV.2017, Hoang Quang Duyleg. ( PQTC).     Othermaterials confirmed by field observations.[ Vietnam] Someindividuals, Bach Ma, Thua Thien-HueProv.,  5–8.VIII.2016, T. Kompier.   Etymology.The specific name “  saola” of this species is derived from the name of the bovid “Saola” (  Pseudoryx nghetinhensisDung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander & MacKinnon, 1993). This is one of the world’s rarest large mammals, a forest-dwelling bovine found only in the Truong Son mountain range of Vietnamand Laos. The typelocality of  Euphaea saola  sp. nov.is A Luoi Nature Reserve which is a part of the Saola Conservation Area, central Vietnam. The general distribution of the new species largely coincides with that of this extraordinary mammal.   Description of holotype. Head, prothorax, synthorax, and legs( Fig. 20a). Entirely black excluding some narrow yellow stripes along the border of mesepimeron and metepisterum and on lower margin of metepimeron.  Wings( Fig. 14d). Similar to those of  E. gueriniwith most of FW area darkened, excluding the basal part of the wing (but covering all cells along the subcosta), and the apical one-sixth, although the apical margin of the FW is also darkened. HW are black with metallic blue covering a large part of their underside, and with metallic green on the upperside, as in  E. guerini. FW has 28–29 Ax and 32–33 Px, and HW have 22–23 Ax and 35–37 Px. The cubital space has 2–3 crossveins in both wings.  Abdomen. Entirely black. Lateroventral margin of S3 and S7–8 with fine setae in addition to the tuft of long setae on the base of S9 like  E. guerini( Fig. 15a). Dorsum of S10 raised into large carinal spine posteriorly and with a small hump near its anterior margin ( Fig. 20b).  Genital ligula. With two thick flagella, perpendicular to terminal segment as in Figure 20c.  Anal appendages. Typical of the genus with cerci short and robust, paraprocts are very short, slightly curved upward ( Fig. 20b). Measurements (in mm). HW 29; abdomen (incl. appendages) 37.  Variation in paratypemales.Four paratypesshow little morphological variation, excluding size; 27.5–29.5 mmin HW length and 36–38 mmin abdomen including appendages.  Description of paratypefemale. Head( Fig. 20d). Postclypeus, frons, antennae, and the dorsum of head matte black. Anteclypeus shining black. Labrum and base of mandibles dark yellow but margin and mid-dorsal part black. Genae dark yellow and this extends to the level of antennae.  Thorax( Fig. 16e). Anterior lobe of prothorax entirely black; middle and posterior lobes black with tiny orange spots; middle lobe raised into two large separately humps; distal margin of posterior lobe rounded, simple structurally ( Fig. 18g). Synthorax black with narrow orange stripes as follows: mesepisternum has two separated narrow stripes on either side; mesepimeron entirely black; metepisternum and metepimeron both with two yellow stripes along distal and lower margins.  Legs. Black.  Wings. Hyaline tinted amber on proximal half of FW and complete HW. FW with 28–29 Ax and 31–32 Px, HW with 21 Ax and 29 Px. Cubital space with 1–3 crossveins in all wings.  Abdomen( Fig. 16e). Black with lateral yellow markings as follows: S1 with a large spot, S2–3 with a very narrow stripe, S4–5 with only tiny oval posterior spot, and S6–10 and ovipositor black. Measurements (in mm). HW 29; abdomen (incl. appendages) 33.   Remarks.  Euphaea saola  sp. nov.is very similar to the population of  E. gueriniin Vietnamwith similar wingcolor pattern of the male, but can be distinguished by more distinct dark apical margin and more distinct hyaline base in FW ( Fig. 14d) compared to  E. guerini( Fig. 14c). Abdominal segments S3 and S8 bear long setae in  Euphaea saola( Fig. 15a), but very short setae in  E. guerini( Fig. 15b). In  Euphaea saola, the dorsum of S10 is raised in two places: there is a small hump in lateral view on the anterior part, but posteriorly it rises somewhat obliquely upward ( Fig. 20b) forming a conspicuous carinal spine. S10 of  Euphaea guerinilacks the anterior hump and the large posterior carinal spine rises strongly upwards, almost perpendicular to the abdomen ( Fig. 20e). Cerci are short and robust, the posterior dorsal spine of S10 extending beyond their base posteriorly in lateral view in  Euphaea saola( Fig. 20b), but cerci of  E. gueriniare narrower, petiolated at base, and the dorsal spine does not extend posteriorly of their base, so they are visible in dorsal view ( Fig. 20e). Vesicle of  Euphaea saolaheartshaped, pointed at its posterior margin ( Fig. 18a, b), but it is ax-shaped, with posterior margin rounded in  E. guerini( Fig. 18c). The shape of the posterior lobe of the prothorax in females of  Euphaea saoladiffers markedly from that of  E. gueriniby the smoothly rounded lateral edges and minor indentation of the posterior margin ( Fig. 18g), while the lateral edges curve out and backwards in  E. guerini, and the posterior margin is completely round centrally ( Fig. 18h). In addition, (i) thorax black with very narrow stripes in  E. saola( Fig. 16e), but stripes relatively broad in  E. guerini( Fig. 16d); (ii) abdomen black with narrow yellow stripes on S1–3, tiny spots on S4–5, and entirely black on other segments in  E. saola( Fig. 16e), but with stripes on S1–6 and a small yellow spot on S 9 in  E. guerini( Fig. 16d); and (iii) wings entirely dark amber in  E. saola, but hyaline with pale yellow color in  E. guerini. It is difficult to establish what published records/info of  Euphaea guerinirefer to  E. saola. Van Tol & Rozendaal (1995)provided figures of the last abdominal segments and vesicle of  Euphaea guerinifrom central Vietnam, but they did not specify the locality of each specimen. Figure 20of ‘  Euphaea guerini’ in van Tol & Rozendaal (1995)matches  E. saolabased on the resemblance of the dorsal prominence on S10, but their Fig. 21of vesicle is similar to that of  E. guerini( Fig. 18c) with apical margin rounded, not pointed as in  E. saola( Fig. 18a, b). Hämäläinen ( in litt.) also confirmed that ‘ Euphaea guerini’ from Lak Sao, Bolikhamxay Prov., Laosby Karjalainen & Hämäläinen (2013)actually refers to  E. saola. Similarly, earlier published records of ‘  Euphaea guerini’ in Cambodia, central to southern Laos, and central Vietnamcould likely include or refer to  E. saola(e.g. Fig. 44, p. 31 in Phan et al.2011).   Distribution. Vietnam(  HaTinh[Hämäläinen in litt.], Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien-Hue, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai[Hämäläinen in litt.], Dak Lak, Gia Lai, Kon Tumand Khanh Hoa[Hämäläinen in litt.] Provinces), Laos(Bolikhamxay Province) ( Karjalainen & Hämäläinen 2013). 1805098036 2015-09-18 TMUZ A Luoi Nature Reserve & F. Hayashi & Deposited & Phan & Hayashi & H. Karube Japan Thua Thien-Hue Prov. Thua Thien-Hue Prov. Systematic Zoology Institute in Tokyo Metropolitan University 28 179 5 5 Tokyo holotype 1805098045 2015-09-18 2016-06 2015-09-18 F. Hayashi & T. Kompier Vietnam Female Thua Thien-Hue Prov. Luoi Nature Reserve 28 179 3 1 2 paratype 1805098051 2016-06 T. Kompier Vietnam Quang Tri 28 179 1 Quang Tri paratype 1805098059 [609,1249,1990,2015] 2016-06 T. Kompier Vietnam Thua Thien-Hue 28 179 1 Thua Thien-Hue paratype 1805098067 2015-09-18 A Luoi Nature Reserve & F. Hayashi Vietnam 29 180 Thua Thien-Hue 28 179 4 1 3 Thua Thien-Hue paratype 1805098070 2015-05-26 PQTC Q. T. Phan Vietnam Dong Giang District 29 180 3 3 Quang Nam paratype 1805098077 [628,1343,188,213] 2016-06-21 T. Kompier Vietnam Quang Nam 29 180 4 1 3 Quang Nam paratype 1805098084 2017-05-22 PQTC Q. T. Phan Vietnam Ba Na Nature Reserve 29 180 1 1 Da Nang paratype 1805098093 2017-05-22 PQTC Q. T. Phan Vietnam Chu Mom Ray National Park 29 180 5 1 4 Kon Tum paratype 1805098097 2017-04-16 PQTC Q. T. Phan Vietnam Hon Ba Nature Reserve 29 180 10 10 Khanh Hoa paratype 1805098104 [371,1382,295,320] 2017-06-28 PQTC Q. T. Phan Vietnam Bach Ma National Park 29 180 4 4 Thua Thien-Hue paratype 1805098110 2017-04-30 PQTC Hoang Quang Duy Vietnam Chu Yang Sin National Park 29 180 8 8 Dak Lak paratype 1805098118 2016-08-05 2016-08-08 2016-08-05 T. Kompier. Vietnam Other Bach Ma Some 29 180 1 Thua Thien-Hue