Centrophorus lusitanicus Teng, 1958 : 25 Teng, 1962 : 155 Yang, 1979 : 205 Chen & Cheng, 1982 : 143 Compagno et al. , 2005 : 52 Centrophorus niaukang Centrophorus White et al. , 2006 : 50 White & Dharmadi, 2010 : 1364 Centrophorus Naylor et al. , 2012 : 59 Naylor et al. , 2012 : 59 Revision of the genus Centrophorus (Squaliformes: Centrophoridae): Part 2 - Description of two new species of Centrophorus and clarification of the status of Centrophorus lusitanicus Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864 White, William T. Ebert, David A. Naylor, Gavin J. P. White & Ebert & Naylor, 2017 White & Ebert & Naylor 2017 [151,463,151,177] Insecta Brentidae Centrophorus Animalia Coleoptera 14 Arthropoda species longipinnis sp. nov.  ( Figs 11–15; Table 2)      Centrophorus lusitanicus—  Teng, 1958: 25, fig. 16 ( Yilanand Kaohsiung, Taiwan);   Teng, 1962: 155, fig. 39 (Tashi); Chen, 1963: 92 (  Taiwan);   Yang, 1979: 205, Fig. 2(  Taiwan);   Chen & Cheng, 1982: 143, Fig. 1(  Taiwan); Chen & Yu, 1986: 112 (  Taiwan);   Compagno et al., 2005: 52( Philippines); Hsu & Joung, 2004: 184 (  Taiwan); Shen & Wu, 2011: 82, Fig. (  Taiwan).   Centrophorus niaukang— Chen & Joung 1993: pl. 2 (fig. 1) (Taiwan).    Centrophoruscf. lusitanicus—  White et al., 2006: 50, Fig. (Indonesia);  White & Dharmadi, 2010: 1364, Fig. 6a, b(Indonesia); Ebert et al., 2013: 289 (Taiwan).    Centrophorussp. 2—  Naylor et al., 2012: 59, Fig. 43 (Taiwan).     Centrophorussp. 3—  Naylor et al., 2012: 59, Fig. 43 ( Philippines).     Holotype. NMMB-P 15756(tissue accession GN10189), adult male 720 mmTL, Cheng-gong, Taiwan,  30 Jul. 2011.  Paratypes.(15 specimens) CSIROH 5788-02 (tissue accession GN11178), female 899 mmTL, Tanjung Luar fish market, Lombok, Indonesia, 11 Apr. 2001; CSIROH 8104-01 (tissue accession GN11174), female 855 mmTL, CSIROH 8104-02 (tissue accession GN11175), adult male 679 mmTL, CSIROH 8104-04 (tissue accession GN11177), female 872 mmTL, Tanjung Luar fish market, Lombok, Indonesia, 19 Aug. 2005; CSIROH 7990-02, female 825 mmTL, Pelabuhanratu fish market, West Java, Indonesia, 10 Mar. 2009; CSIROH 8103-01, pregnant female 890 mmTL, Huon Gulf, off Lae, Papua New Guinea, 6°45.147’ S, 147°2.783’ E, 460 mdepth, 4 May 2017; CSIROH 8103-02, late-term embryo 346 mmTL, taken from CSIROH 8103-01; CSIROH 8171-01, adult male 761 mmTL, Da-xi, Taiwan, 14 Apr. 2012; FRIP 0 3628 (1 of 2), adult male 719 mmTL, FRIP 0 3628 (2 of 2), juvenile male 637 mmTL, Taiwan, 11 Mar. 1958; NMMB-P 25361, 736 mmTL, adult male, Da-xi, Taiwan, 20 Mar. 2013; NMMB-P 14051, juvenile female 408 mmTL, Cheng-gong, Taiwan, 2 Oct. 2011; NMMB-P 15813, female 905 mmTL, Cheng-gong, Taiwan, 2 Oct. 2011; NMMB-P 15814 (tissue accession GN10190), adult male 745 mmTL, Cheng-gong, Taiwan, 18 Jul. 2011; NMMB-P 15859, adult male 761 mmTL, Cheng-gong, Taiwan, 29 Mar. 2011; BMNH 2017.8.29.1 (to be donated to BMNH), adult male 776 mmTL, Da-xi, Taiwan, 14 Apr. 2012.   Other specimens.( 1 specimen)  CSIROH 8104-03 (tissue accession GN11176), adult male 764 mmTL, Tanjung Luarfish market, Lombok, Indonesia,  19 Aug. 2005.  Genetic material (specimens not retained).(3 samples) Tissue accession GN973, Da-xi, Taiwan; Tissue accession GN974, Da-xi, Taiwan; Tissue accession GN1007, Da-xi, Taiwan.   Diagnosis.A medium sized (< 1 mmaximum total length) species of  Centrophoruswith the following combination of characters: body relatively slender; head moderately long (20.5–25.1% TL); snout relatively short (horizontal preorbital length 6.4–8.4% TL) and rounded in dorsal view; first dorsal extremely long based (base length 20.8–23.3% TL, soft fin length 16.9–20.2% TL) and relatively high (height 5.7–7.2% TL), inner margin relatively short (5.3–6.8% TL, 2.6–3.2 insoft fin length); second dorsal fin much smaller in area to first, similar in height to first dorsal fin (height 1.0– 1.3 infirst dorsal-fin height); pectoral fins large (anterior margin length 11.0– 13.0% TL), free rear tip elongate in larger individuals (2.2–4.0% TL); lateral trunk denticles of larger individuals sessile (not raised on pedicels), block-like, not elevated; upper teeth of larger individuals with erect to slightly oblique cusps; lower teeth of all sized specimens much larger than upper teeth, strongly oblique, blade-like; total vertebral centra 112–122; teeth 38–43/29–31.   Description.Body fusiform, relatively slender, nape only slightly humped; deepest near first dorsal-fin spine, trunk height 1.30 ( 0.91–1.34 in paratypes> 700 mmTL) times width, 0.96 ( 0.82–1.05 in paratypes> 700 mmTL) times abdomen height; no lateral ridges; interdorsal ridge absent; pre-first dorsal length 4.23 ( 4.12 in 408 mmTL paratype; 3.62–4.26 in paratypes> 700 mmTL) in TL; interdorsal space 1.28 (1.61; 1.03–1.38) in prepectoral length, 1.45 (1.69; 1.28–1.62) in pre-first dorsal length; pelvic–caudal space 3.28 (2.60; 2.70–3.50) in pectoral– pelvic space, 1.82 (1.87; 1.62–2.00) in prepectoral length; dorsal–caudal space 2.05 (1.81; 2.09–2.65) in interdorsal space. Caudal peduncle moderately short and deep, moderately compressed, its length 11.5 (12.4; 10.7–12.8)% TL, its height 1.47 (2.11; 1.61–2.15) times its width; tapering slightly towards caudal fin; ventral midline with a groove; dorsal midline with a weak ridge anteriorly becoming a weak groove posteriorly; no lateral keels; precaudal pits absent.   FIGURE 11.Lateral view of  Centrophorus longipinnis  n.sp.: (A) adult male holotype (NMMB-P 15756, 720 mm TL); (B) female paratype ( CSIROH 8104-01, 855 mm TL); (C) female paratype ( CSIROH 7990-02, 825 mm TL); (D) late-term embryo paratype ( CSIROH 8103-02, 346 mm TL).   FIGURE 12.Ventral view of head and pectoral fins of  Centrophorus longipinnis  n.sp.: female paratype ( CSIROH 7990-02, 825 mm TL).   FIGURE 13.Upper and lower teeth of female paratype of  Centrophorus longipinnis  n.sp.( CSIROH 7990-02, 825 mm TL). Head moderately long, moderately broad, width 1.72 (1.44; 1.04–1.73) times trunk width, 1.75 (1.85; 1.18– 1.81) times abdomen width, length 21.1 (24.3; 20.5–22.4)% TL, 2.96 (2.47; 2.76–3.09) in pre-vent length, height 0.67 (0.75; 0.65–0.96) times width; slightly depressed forward of spiracles, somewhat broadly pear-shaped in cross-section at pectoral-fin origin. Band of transverse dermal folds on ventral surface of head broadly rounded with apex about three quarters of horizontal prenasal length behind symphysis of lower jaw, extending from below lower edges of first four gill slits on either side; up to 19 folds present. Snout moderately long, narrowly triangular in lateral view, apex bluntly pointed; lateral prenarial margin rounded; rounded in dorsal view; horizontal length 1.24 (1.28; 1.07–1.29) times eye length, 0.78 (0.96; 0.68–0.84) times interorbital space; horizontal prenarial length 1.44 (1.43; 1.40–1.57) times in preoral length. Nostrils small, slightly oblique; anterior nasal flap with a large, narrowly triangular lobe, with a very small, sometimes pale lobe at inner corner of large lobe; internarial space 2.80 (2.67; 2.43–2.95) in preoral length, 1.77 (1.85; 1.53–2.05) times nostril length. Eye moderately large, elongate, length 4.04 (3.98; 3.96–4.66) in head, 2.46 (3.30; 1.94–3.81) times height; notched anteriorly; strongly notched posteriorly, notch not extending towards spiracle. Spiracle moderately large, semicircular; located dorsolaterally on head, entirely visible in dorsal view; lower margin about level with upper eye, slightly less than its diameter away from eye; no lobe-like fold on posterior margin; greatest diameter 3.05 (3.19; 2.57–3.83) in eye length. Gill slits directed anteroventrally from top to bottom, fifth angled more than first; first shortest then becoming progressively longer to fifth; fifth longest, its height 2.6 (3.2; 2.4–3.5)% TL. Mouth almost transverse, upper jaw slightly concave, width 1.22 (1.29; 1.06–1.22) in preoral length; lower labial furrows slightly longer than upper furrows; prominent postoral groove, more than twice length of upper labial furrows, extending posterolaterally from angle of jaws. Teeth strongly differentiated in upper and lower jaws, with upper teeth much smaller than lower teeth. Upper teeth of adults (based on CSIROH 7990-02) moderately large, with erect cusps, becoming slightly oblique posteriorly towards mouth corners, bases slightly overlapping ( Fig. 13a). Lower teeth much larger than uppers, cusps very strongly oblique, blade-like, overlapping, edges with fine serrations ( Fig. 13b). Dermal denticles on flank below first dorsal fin varying greatly in shape between juveniles and adults; absent from insertions of fins and most of the dorsal surface of claspers. Denticles of a juvenile ( 408 mmTL) small, upright, slender, unicuspid, closely spaced (slightly overlapping), and posteriorly curved; about 0.4 mmlong ( Fig. 14a). Denticles of adults (based on a 855 mmTL specimen) block-like, sessile (not raised on pedicels), rhomboidal, close set but not overlapping; anterior edges of crowns shallowly scalloped, posterior edge bluntly pointed ( Fig. 14b). First dorsal fin extremely long, moderately high; length 4.18 (4.18; 3.37–5.03) times its height, 1.76 (1.77; 1.76–1.98) times second dorsal-fin length; soft-fin length 2.86 (2.55; 2.48–3.47) times its height; height 1.14 (1.13; 0.99–1.25) times second dorsal-fin height; anterior margin slightly convex; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin moderately concave, slanting well posteroventrally from top to bottom; free rear tip moderately long, relatively thick basally; inner margin nearly straight, 2.88 (2.94; 2.60–3.23) in soft-fin length, 1.00 (0.87; 0.82– 1.20) times its height; insertion level with mid pectoral–pelvic space, extremely well forward of pelvic-fin origin, pelvic-fin midpoint to first dorsal-fin insertion 15.1 (13.1; 13.2–17.6)% TL; base of exposed fin spine level with pectoral-fin free rear tip; spine base moderately broad, exposed anteriorly just above junction of spine and soft portion of fin; exposed fin spine relatively short, robust, tapering distally, anterior margin slightly convex; exposed portion of spine sloping strongly posterodorsally from base (of exposed portion) to apex, shorter in length to exposed portion of second dorsal-fin spine, exposed first dorsal spine length 0.39 (0.30; 0.23–0.39) times height of fin. Second dorsal fin moderately large, much smaller in area compared to first dorsal fin, relatively short; second dorsal-fin length 2.69 (2.66; 2.25–2.84) times its height; anterior margin slightly convex; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin weakly concave, sloping strongly posteroventrally from apex; free rear tip relatively short, thick basally, inner margin length 2.09 (2.05; 1.83–2.40) in soft-fin length, 0.78 (0.81; 0.63–0.83) times fin height; spine length 0.42 ( 0.32–0.50 in paratypes> 700 mmTL) in height of fin; base of exposed fin spine level with mid pelvicfin inner margin, exposed just above level of junction with spine and soft portion of fin; exposed fin spine relatively long, robust, broad based, tapering distally. Pectoral fins large; anterior margin weakly convex to nearly straight, its length 12.1 (12.3; 12.0–13.0)% TL; base very short, 2.68 (2.77; 2.26–2.99) in anterior margin length; apex somewhat angular, not falcate; posterior margin nearly straight from apex angle of free rear tip then broadly concave; inner margin slightly concave; free rear tip elongate in adults (less so in juveniles), free rear tip 1.18 (1.04; 1.01–1.14) in inner margin, extending past level of exposed first dorsal-fin spine; origin situated at level of mid-fifth gill slit, partially obscured by gill membrane. Pelvic fins large, length 11.6 (11.4; 11.0–12.4)% TL, 1.20 (1.14; 1.18–1.44) times second dorsal-fin soft length; anterior margin slightly convex; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin slightly concave; free rear tip acutely pointed, inner margin very slightly convex. Claspers of adult males relatively short, slender; tapering to a fleshy, narrowly rounded tip ( Fig. 15); outer length 2.9 (2.5–3.3)% TL, 3.16 (2.98–3.81) times its base length (n = 8); clasper glans about 0.3 inclasper inner length; apopyle and hypopyle connected by long clasper groove; rhipidion moderately large, laterally expanded, extended from hypopyle to anterior of clasper tip; lateral edge with a slender, straight spine; dermal denticles mostly absent from dorsal surface.   FIGURE 14.Lateral trunk denticles (from below first dorsal fin) of  Centrophorus longipinnis  n.sp.: (A) juvenile female paratype, NMMB-P 14051, 408 mm TL; (B) female paratype, CSIROH 8104-01, 855 mm TL.   FIGURE 15.Clasper (right) of  Centrophorus longipinnis(paratype CSIROH 8104–02, adult male 679 mm TL). A, Glans not dilated; B, Glans spread. Abbreviations: AP, apopyle; CG, clasper groove; CS, clasper spine; HP, hypopyle; P2, pelvic fin; RH, rhipidion. Caudal fin relatively long, deep, broad; dorsal margin almost straight to slightly concave, 1.17 (1.18; 1.11– 1.22) in head length, 1.42 (1.70; 1.32–1.51) times preventral margin; preventral margin slightly convex (more so distally), apex narrowly rounded; upper postventral margin slightly convex, lower postventral margin nearly straight to slightly convex, angle between postventral margins moderately concave; terminal lobe moderately large but short, lobe length 2.31 (2.50; 2.05–2.63) in dorsal caudal margin, terminal margin slightly to moderately convex and slightly undulating; apex of upper lobe narrowly rounded. Meristic data. Total vertebral centra 118 (112–122), monospondylous precaudal centra 59 (56–62), diplospondylous precaudal centra 28 (25–29), total precaudal centra 87 (83–91) and diplospondylous caudal centra 31 (26–34). Tooth count (n = 5): 20 (19–22) + (21) 19–21 / 15 (15) + 14 (15–16); total 41 (38–43)/29 (30–31).  Colour.When fresh: Dorsal and lateral surfaces brownish, sometimes with a reddish hue (grey in some specimens, particularly smaller specimens); ventral surfaces paler (only slightly paler in paratype CSIROH 7990- 02); waterline between dorsal and ventral colour shades diffuse and poorly defined on body, more distinct on head and caudal peduncle. Fins without markings in larger specimens; tip of free tip of first dorsal fin often paler; nearterm embryo with blackish dorsal and caudal fins and black anterior margins to paired fins, with narrow white posterior margin to dorsal and paired fins. Similar colour in preservation; fin markings of embryo less distinct.  Size.Postnatal typespecimens ranged from 408 to 905 mmTL; a 637 mmTL male was immature; males adult between 719 and 776 mmTL; an 890 mmTL female was pregnant with a 346 mmTL late-term embryo (both paratypes). White & Dharmadi (2010)recorded: females up to 930 mmTL; an 873 mmTL pregnant female with a single 45 mmTL early-term embryo; males adult between 679 and 775 mmTL, while a 657 mmTL male was immature. Compagno et al.(2005)reported on a 737 mmTL immature male.   Distribution. Typematerial from off Taiwan(Cheng-gong and Da-xi fish landing sites—local fishing grounds), Indonesia(off southwest Javaand eastern Lombok), and  PapuaNew Guinea(Huon Gulf) ( Fig. 10). Compagno et al.(2005)reported this species off Puerto Princesa Cityin the Philippines(JPAG 226, tissue accession GN4348); differed slightly in ND2 sequence and specimen not examined in this study. Limited depth information available as most specimens collected from fish landing sites; caught from depths of 330–460 min  PapuaNew Guinea(P. Neira, pers. comm.).   Etymology.Specific name a combination of the Latin longus(long) and pinna(fin) in allusion to the very distinctive long-based first dorsal fin this species possesses.   TABLE 2.Proportional dimensions as percentages of total length for the holotype of  Centrophorus longipinnis(NMMB-P 15756), and ranges for small paratypes (<524 mm TL) and large paratypes (>700 mm TL). Holotype Paratypes Paratypes (< 524 mmTL) (> 644 mmTL) ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next pageThe Maximum Likelihood tree generated from the ND2 sequences obtained provide further support for the separation of  C. leslieiand  C. longipinnisas valid species ( Fig. 16).  Centrophorus leslieisamples form a distinct group nested within, but separate from, the three long-snout species groups (i.e. isodon-tesselatus-westraliensis,  harrissoni, and isodon-tesselatus). The long-snout species group requires further attention and will be dealt with in a subsequent part of this revision series for this genus. It should be noted that none of the sequenced specimens from Madagascarare typespecies as whole specimens were not retained, however, they were obtained from the MozambiqueChannel, close to the locality of the holotypeand three paratypesof  C. lesliei.  Centrophorus longipinnisforms a distinct group well separated from the long-snout and  C. leslieigroups. Within the  C. longipinnisgroup, two samples (GN 11175 from Indonesiaand GN 4348 from the Philippines) show some differences to the main group ( Fig. 16). But morphologically, the Indonesian specimen is identical to the other  C. longipinnisspecimens and is considered to be this species.    Total length (mm) Precaudal length 720 81.3 Min. 346 78.9 Max. 408 80.3 Min. 719 79.8 Max. 905 82.4  Pre-second dorsal length Pre-first dorsal length Pre-first dorsal length (horiz.) 62.5 23.8 23.7 61.5 24.0 24.3 62.4 26.3 27.0 62.1 23.4 23.5 65.0 27.2 27.7  Pre-vent length Prepelvic length Prepectoral length 62.6 59.6 20.9 60.0 58.3 23.2 61.3 59.2 23.4 61.1 58.7 19.1 64.0 60.9 21.4  Head length Head length (horiz.) Prebranchial length 20.5 21.1 18.5 24.7 24.3 21.7 24.7 25.1 22.2 20.1 20.5 17.3 22.1 22.3 19.2  Prespiracular length Preorbital length Preorbital length (horiz.) 12.4 6.5 7.2 14.7 7.8 8.3 14.8 7.9 8.4 11.6 5.8 6.4 12.9 6.5 7.3  Snout to inner nostril Prenarial length (horiz.) Preoral length 4.4 4.0 9.4 5.2 5.0 11.1 5.9 5.2 12.8 3.9 3.5 8.6 4.7 4.4 9.8  Inner nostril–labial furrow space Mouth width Upper labial furrow length 6.3 7.7 1.9 7.4 8.4 1.9 7.6 8.6 2.4 5.6 7.2 1.5 6.1 8.4 2.2  Nostril width Internarial space Interorbital space 1.9 3.4 8.3 2.3 4.0 8.1 2.4 4.2 9.0 1.6 3.1 7.3 2.0 3.5 8.6  Eye length Eye height Spiracle diameter—greatest 5.2 2.1 1.7 6.1 1.8 1.9 6.4 2.4 2.3 4.8 1.4 1.3 5.4 2.5 2.0  First gill-slit height Fifth gill-slit height Interdorsal space 2.1 2.7 16.4 2.6 2.9 14.4 2.9 3.2 15.6 1.7 2.4 15.0 2.4 3.5 18.5  Dorsal–caudal space Pectoral–pelvic space Pelvic–caudal space 8.0 37.7 11.5 6.8 32.2 11.8 7.9 33.1 12.4 6.5 33.7 10.7 7.8 37.9 12.8  First dorsal length First dorsal soft fin length First dorsal anterior margin 28.1 19.3 14.5 26.2 16.9 15.7 28.4 17.3 17.1 24.4 17.4 12.1 29.4 20.2 16.7   TABLE 2.(Continued)    First dorsal base length Holotype 22.3 Paratypes (<524 mm TL) Min. 20.8 Max. 22.5 Paratypes (>644 mm TL) Min. 20.8 Max. 23.3  F irst dorsal height First dorsal inner margin First dorsal posterior margin 6.7 6.7 16.5 6.8 5.3 14.1 6.9 5.9 14.3 5.7 5.8 15.5 7.2 6.8 17.8  First dorsal exposed spine length First dorsal spine base width Second dorsal length 2.6 0.8 15.9 2.1 0.8 15.1 2.2 0.8 16.0 1.6 0.7 14.5 2.6 0.9 16.4  Second dorsal soft fin length Second dorsal anterior margin Second dorsal base length 9.6 10.8 11.4 8.2 11.5 11.2 10.0 12.0 12.0 8.4 9.9 10.2 9.9 11.6 12.1  Second dorsal height Second dorsal inner margin Second dorsal posterior margin 5.9 4.6 8.8 6.0 4.2 6.7 6.5 4.9 7.4 5.5 3.8 7.2 6.5 4.8 8.8  Second dorsal exposed spine length Second dorsal spine base width Pectoral anterior margin 2.5 0.7 12.1 3.0 0.8 11.0 3.0 0.8 12.3 2.1 0.6 12.0 3.0 0.8 13.0  Pectoral inner margin Pectoral base length Pectoral height 12.3 4.5 10.4 8.8 4.4 8.2 10.5 4.9 10.2 10.3 4.1 9.9 12.1 5.5 11.2  Pectoral free rear tip length Pectoral posterior margin Pelvic length 3.3 9.0 11.6 1.5 7.7 10.6 2.1 9.3 11.4 2.2 8.2 11.0 4.0 10.6 12.4  Pelvic height Pelvic inner margin Dorsal caudal margin 6.0 7.0 18.1 4.7 5.3 19.7 5.1 6.6 20.6 6.0 6.0 17.1 7.0 7.6 19.5  Preventral caudal margin Upper postventral caudal margin Lower postventral caudal margin 12.7 7.8 4.2 12.1 7.7 3.8 13.0 8.4 3.8 12.3 6.9 3.7 13.7 7.9 5.6  Caudal fork width Caudal fork length Caudal terminal lobe 7.6 12.5 7.8 7.3 14.1 7.9 7.7 14.3 8.2 6.9 12.0 7.0 7.9 14.1 9.1  Caudal subterminal fin margin Head width at anterior of nostrils Head width at mouth 2.8 6.0 9.4 3.3 6.3 10.6 4.1 7.0 11.4 2.2 5.5 8.4 3.0 6.6 10.0  Head width Trunk width Abdomen width 12.2 7.1 6.9 11.7 8.0 6.3 11.9 8.1 10.2 10.1 6.9 6.6 12.7 12.2 10.7  Tail width Caudal peduncle width Head height 4.9 2.8 8.1 3.7 1.9 8.7 4.5 2.1 9.1 4.5 2.1 7.7 5.3 2.6 10.9   TABLE 2.(Continued)    Trunk height Holotype 9.2 Paratypes (<524 mm TL) Min. 11.8 Max. 11.8 Paratypes (>644 mm TL) Min. 8.1 Max. 12.9  Abdomen height Tail height Caudal peduncle height 9.7 7.4 4.1 7.7 6.8 4.1 13.9 7.7 4.6 9.6 6.6 3.8 12.9 8.4 4.4  Clasper outer length Clasper inner length Clasper base width 2.9 6.8 0.9 – – – – – – 2.5 6.6 0.8 3.3 7.2 1.0  First dorsal midpoint–pectoral insertion First dorsal midpoint–pelvic origin Pelvic midpoint–first dorsal insertion 9.6 25.7 15.1 10.0 19.1 13.1 10.1 20.3 13.7 8.6 22.1 13.2 13.2 25.1 17.5  Pelvic midpoint–second dorsal origin 0.3 1.4 2.1 -0.6 1.8  Molecular analyses  Moura et al. (2015)concluded that the BMNH specimen was  C. uyatobased on DNA sequence comparisons for CO1. This result is inconsistent with the findings we present herein. Morphological data suggest that the BMNH specimen is  C. leslieiand furthermore, is very distinct from  C. uyatoin possessing a much longer first dorsal-fin base. Munoz-Chapuli & Ramos (1989)recorded vastly different first dorsal-fin ray counts between  C. lusitanicus(=  C. lesliei) and  C. granulosus(=  C. uyato), i.e. 7–9 vs. 16–19, reflecting the large difference in length of the first dorsal fin. Thus, it is not conceivable that these two species could be considered conspecific, or that the BMNH specimen is a long finned variant of  C. uyato. Moura et al.(2015)state in their acknowledgements that they obtained a tissue sample from the BMNH specimen and also from ‘the Aquário Vasco da Gama Museum, and Aldina Inácio…’ and state at the end of the sentence state, in parentheses, that ‘DNA extraction was unsuccessful’. One possibility is that the BMNH specimen was the one which DNA extraction was not successful on and that a sample from the other source(s) was  C. uyato. A tissue sample from the BMNH specimen was also collected as part of a broader Chondrichthyan Tree of Life project led by one of us (GN) but despite numerous attempts, no valid DNA sequence could be obtained. 1699347436 [151,1013,294,316] Taiwan Yilan 14 1 Yilan 1699347439 Taiwan Taiwan) 14 1 Taiwan) 1699347449 [400,742,325,347] Taiwan Taiwan) 14 1 Taiwan) 1699347438 [753,1195,325,347] Taiwan Taiwan) 14 1 Taiwan) 1699347442 Taiwan Taiwan) 14 1 Taiwan) 1699347446 [307,1126,356,378] Philippines Taiwan) 14 1 Taiwan) 1699347447 Taiwan Taiwan) 14 1 Taiwan) 1699347441 2011-07-30 NMMB-P Taiwan Cheng-gong 14 NMMB-P 15756 1 holotype 1699347443 2005-08-19 CSIRO Indonesia Tanjung Luar Lombok 14 1