Actinocucumis typica Ludwig, 1875: 91 Actinocucumis New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) P. Mark O’Loughlin Melanie Mackenzie Didier Vandenspiegel Memoirs of Museum Victoria 2014 2014-12-31 72 5 23 9TSG Ludwig, 1875 Ludwig 1875 [809,1180,552,574] Holothuroidea Cucumariidae Actinocucumis GBIF Animalia Dendrochirotida 14 19 Echinodermata species typica    Actinocucumis typicaLudwig, 1875: 91, fig. 24 a–d.— Lampert, 1885: 177.— Théel, 1886: 84, 125, pl. 12 figs 4, 5.— Ludwig, 1888: 817.— Erwe, 1913: 364–365, pl. 6 fig. 10a, b.   Actinocucumistypicus.— H. L. Clark, 1921: 170.— Clark, 1938: 479.— Clark, 1946: 403.— Heding and Panning, 1954: 72–74, figs 19, 20 (part).— A. M. Clark and Rowe, 1971: fig. 95 e, pl. 30 fig. 4 (part).— Liao and Clark, 1995: 481–482, fig. 290, pl. 23 fig. 10 (part).     Materialexamined. NE Australia, Queensland: Yeppoon, dredged off Middle Island, 23.13°S 150.74°E,  9–37m, B. J. Smith,  6 Sept 1967, NMVF204078 (1); Mackay harbour, 21.15°S 149.18°E, Ian Kirwan,  14 Jul 1982, NMVF206362 (1); near Cairns, Machans Beach, 16.85°S 145.73°E, on beach after cyclone, B. Collins,  25 Dec 1996, NMVF203016 (2); N Australia, Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, 11.55°S 129.82°E, RV  Solander,  48 m, AIMS& GA,  26 Aug 2010, NMVF173265 (1) (GA lot SOL5117 lot 082BS040; UF tissue lot MOLAF1552); NW Australia, Dampier Archipelago,  1.3 kmE of EaglehawkI., FRV  Flinders, DA  2/73/01, 20.67°S 116.46°E, coarse sand,  13 m,  24 Jul 1999, NMVF209501(1).   Diagnosis (sensu stricto). Dendrochirotid species, uniform brown colour (NMV F204078), or yellowish brown with some red patches and fine black flecking (NMV F173265), or pale brown to cream with fine brown flecking on body and larger brown patches on tube feet (NMV F206362); body pentagonal in section with raised radial ridges; five thick oral valves; about 20 dendritic tentacles, variable in arrangement and size, ventral pair smallest; tube feet confined to radii, small papillae and tube feet also on radii and encroaching inter-radially; tube feet in 4–6 rows ( 80 mmlong specimen, Ludwig 1875), or in paired rows (smaller 35–44 mmlong specimens, this work); calcareous ring not composite, radial plates with vertical sides, radial and inter-radial plates lacking posterior prolongations. Body wall ossicles abundant, crowded, small plates and ellipsoids, and rare, thick large plates; bi-perforate plates (figure-8 form, “acorn” plates in Ludwig 1875 and Clark 1938, 1946) predominate, up to about 40–50 µm long with one central and 5 marginal knobs, the apical knob typically projecting; bi-perforate plates inter-grade with abundant but less numerous irregularly ovoid fenestrated ellipsoids, up to about 40–55 µm long; large plates thick, irregular in outline, perforation sizes irregular, plates frequently more than 150 µm long. Tube feet with endplates and support tables; large endplate diameters about 240 µm, small endplate diameters about 120 µm; table discs elongate, up to 160 µm long, narrow, widened centrally and distally, spires with 4-pillar base, pillars frequently joined to form an arch, arches frequently with single, long, thick, pointed, apical spine. Introvert with abundant tables, spires with four-pillar base and pillars fused with distal narrow arch or long spine or 2 short blunt spines. Papillae with body wall ossicles, rare tables, and lacking endplates. Lacking anal scales.   Remarks. Because uncertainty remains about the assignment of species to this genus we provide a sensu strictodiagnosis of  Actinocucumis typica, based on the morphological characters of the typespecies. We examined six northern Australian specimens of  Actinocucumis(listed above). We confidently judge that four of these specimens are  Actinocucumis typicaas all of their morphological characters closely fit the original description and illustrations by Ludwig (1875). These characters are detailed in the generic diagnosis above. With less confidence we judge that the two beach-washed specimens are also  A. typica(NMV F203016). The ossicles of specimens from the Philippinesthat are illustrated by Reyes-Leonardo et al. (1985)appear to us to be close to those illustrated for  Actinocucumis longipedes, although the description refers to the presence of fenestrated ellipsoids and irregular tables with pointed spires. The descriptive reference to “wart-like” podia scattered all over the body” is not characteristic of  A. typica. 1851456622 1967-09-06 2010-08-26 1967-09-06 NMV, AIMS B. J. Smith & B. Collins & Solander Australia Material 23 -11.55 Middle Island 777 129.82 Yeppoon 14 19 MOLAF1552 1 Queensland 1851456554 1973-02-01 1999-07-24 1973-02-01 NMV Eaglehawk I. & Flinders, DA Australia 13 -20.67 Dampier Archipelago 760 116.46 14 19 1