Protorhus nitida Engl. Syst. 1: 421. 1881 Taxonomic treatment of Abrahamia Randrian. & Lowry, a new genus of Anacardiaceae from Madagascar Randrianasolo, Armand Lowry II, Porter P. Schatz, George E. Boissiera 2017 2017-12-27 71 1 152 8LKL 289790 (Engl.) Randrian. & Lowry Randrian. & Lowry Engl. [503,1064,380,408] Magnoliopsida Anacardiaceae Abrahamia Plantae Sapindales 105 105 Tracheophyta species nitida   ≡  Protorhus nitidaEngl.in Bot. Jarhb.  Syst. 1: 421. 1881.    Typus: MADAGASCAR: sine loco, s.d., fl.,  Thouarss.n.(holo-: P[ P00722662]!; iso-: P[ P00722664]!).   Description  Trees 4-25 mm tall, 10-22 cmDBH, bark with red or white milky latex; young twigs glabrous or glabrescent, with lenticels, waxy. Leavesusually whorled, sometimes opposite; blades oblanceolate, 3.5-10.5 3 1.5-3.8 cm, coriaceous, apex emarginate or retuse, margin revolute, base cuneate, glabrous on both surfaces, venation craspedodromous, midvein prominent abaxially, secondary veins 20-30 pairs, parallel, 3 mmapart, prominent abaxially, tertiary veins very slightly raised on abaxial surface; petiole 5-15 mmlong, canaliculate on adaxial surface, glabrous. Inflorescenceaxillary or terminal, a panicle, 2-4 cmlong, axes flattened, glabrous or glabrescent. Maleand female flowers5-merous; pedicel 0.5 mmlong, pubescent; calyx lobes deltoid to triangular, 0.5-0.7 3 1-1.2 mm, valavate, glabrous, persistent on fruit; corolla lobes ovate, 2-2.2 3 1-1.5 mm, imbricate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface with short reddish indument; stamens 5. Male flowerswith filaments c. 1 mmlong, glabrous, anthers 0.5 mmlong, ovoid to subglobose, glabrous; disk c. 1 mmin diam., glabrous; ovary rudimentary. Female flowerswith filaments c. 1 mmlong, anthers 0.5 3 0.5 mm, obloid to ovoid, sterile, glabrous; disk c. 1 mmin diam., cupuliform, glabrous; ovary c. 0.5-0.6 3 1 mm, broadly ovoid, glabrous, placenation subapical, style very short, c. 0.2-0.3 mmlong, apical, stigmas capitate. Fruits2-2.5 3 1-1.5 cm, ellipsoid, glabrous, surface smooth.   Vernacular names  “Ditimenafotsy’’, “Hazombarorana’’, “Tahaka’’, “Tsiramiramy’’.   Distribution, ecology and phenology   Abrahamia nitidaoccurs in humid forest in coastal eastern Madagascar( Map 6). It has been recorded in flower in December and in fruit in late January.   Conservation status With an EOO of 45,042 km 2, a minimum AOO of 76 km 2, and 14 known locations, with subpopulations in 4 protected areas (Agnalazaha, Makira, Nosy Mangabe, and Pointe à Lareée) and the remainder subjected to pressure from forest exploitation and land clearing,  A. nitidais assigned a preliminary conservation status of “Near Threatened” [NT] using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria ( IUCN, 2012).   Notes The leaves of  A. nitidaare usually whorled, a feature found in only a few other members of the genus, the most similar being  A. sericea, from which  A. nitidacan be distinguished by its leaves with widely (vs very closely) spaced secondary veins, glabrous (vs pubescent) disk, and glabrous (vs velutinous) fruit. We have followed René Capuron (note in herb.) in considering the second collection made by Thouars listed above as an isotype despite the fact that we cannot be certain it represents part of a single gathering.   Additional material examined   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Antalaha, PN Masoala, 15°35’S 50°25’E,  22.IX.1994, ster.,  Rahajasoaet al. 510( MO, TAN);  ibid. loco,  22.IX.1994, ster.,  Rahajasoaet al. 523( MO, P, TAN).  Prov. Fianarantsoa: Farafangana, Mahabo, forêt de Marovahatry, 23°10’41’’ 47°43’49’’E,  23 m,  21.IV.2004, y. fr.,  Ludovic738( MO, P, TAN);  Mahabo Mananivo, Nosiala, bloc de Betaindambo, 23°08’42’’S 47°42’18’’E,  31 m,  22.IV.2004, fr.,  Ludovic766( MO, P, TAN);  ibid. loco, 23°11’S 47°41’E,  21 m,  29.X.2004, fl.,  Ludovicet al. 927( G, K, MO, P, TAN);  Mahabo Mananivo, Baboaka, [ 23°10’S 47°44’E],  21 m,  20.XI.2004, fl.,  Ludovicet al. 998( G, K, MO, P, TAN); near village of Mahabo, 23°10’51’’S 47°42’29’’E,  30 m,  5.XI.2001, fl.,  McPhersonet al. 18334( MO, TAN, TEF);  ibid. loco,  McPhersonet al. 18347( MO, P, TAN, TEF);  ibid. loco, 23°10’42’’S 47°42’24’’E,  20 m,  7.XI.2001, fl.,  McPhersonet al. 18373( MO, P, TAN, TEF);  ibid. loco, 23°08’53’’S 47°43’04’’E,  22.IX.2002, fr.,  Rabevohitra4077( MO, NY, P, TAN, TEF);  ibid. loco,  10 m,  19.VI.2004, ster.,  A. Randrianasoloet al. 867( MO);  ibid. loco, 23°12’05’’S 47°42’48’’E,  24 m,  26.VIII.2003, fr.,  Razakamalalaet al. 744( G, MO, P, TEF);  Mananjary, forêt d’Alimamba, 21°28’04’’S 48°17’43’’E,  13.X.2004, fl.,  Razakamalalaet al. 1655( MO, NY, P, TAN, TEF);  Amporoforo, [ 22°29’00’’S 47°47’30’’E],  26.VII.1955, ster.,  Service Forestier13912( MO, P, TEF);  Ambalavotaka, [ 21°19’30’’S 48°21’30’’E],  7.I.1955, fr.,  Service Forestier15459( P, TEF).  Prov. Toamasina: Maroantsetra, commune d’Ambinanitelo, Ankirindro, 15°28’29’’S 49°33’10’’E,  200 m,  21.XI.2002, fl.,  Antilahimenaet al. 1430( MO, P, TAN);  Fénérive-Est, Mahatsara foreststation, [ 17°38’S 49°29’E],  23.I.1986, fr.,  Dorr4617( MO, P, TAN);  Soanieran’Ivongo, forêt d’Antanambao-Ambodimanga, 16°46’24’’S 49°42’51’’E,  30.I.2003, fr.,  Rabevohitraet al. 4305( G, K, MO, P, TEF);  Mahanoro, Ambodibonara, forêt Nakinà, 20°21’34’’S 48°36’21’’E,  13.XI.2003, fl.,  Rabevohitraet al. 4753( G, K, MO, NY, P, TAN, TEF);  Soanieran’Ivongo, NW Tanambao, 16°45’12’’S 49°42’56’’E,  31.I.2004, fr.,  Rabevohitraet al. 4980( MO, NY, P, TEF);  Brickaville, Andranokoditra, Vohibola, 18°33’23’’S 49°14’58’’E,  5 m,  10.XII.2001, fr.,  Rabenantoandroet al. 871( MO, P, TAN, TEF);  Tampolo foreststation,  0-5 m,  31.VII.1996, ster.,  A. Randrianasolo457( MO, P, TAN);  Ambila Lemaitso, 18°49’S 49°08’E,  0-3 m,  28.X.1996, fr.,  A. Randrianasolo512( G, K, MO, P, TAN);  ibid. loco, 18°51’38’’S 49°08’34’’E,  0-5 m,  9.X.1999, ster.,  A. Randrianasoloet al. 586( G, MO, P, TAN);  Maroantsetra, Nosy Mangabe, 15°30’S 49°46’E,  0-330 m,  13-23.IV.1988, ster.,  Schatz2131( MO, TAN);  Mahanoro, [ 19°44’00’’S 48°48’30’’E],  29.I.1951, fr.,  Service Forestier2998( P, TAN, TEF);  Ambila Lemaitso, [ 18°49’S 49°08’E],  11.XII.1952, fl.,  Service Forestier6448( P[2 sheets], TEF);  ibid. loco,  12.XII.1952, fl.,  Service Forestier6486( P, TEF );  ibid. loco,  24.I.1953, fr.,  Service Forestier7253( MO, P, TEF).  Prov. Toliara: Fort-Dauphin, Mahatalaky St Luce S 7, 2 kmS d’Ambadrika, 24°47’47’’S 47°08’37’’E,  20 m,  25.XI.2011, fl.,  Ratovoson1793( MO, P, TAN). 4026984885 [454,1384,689,716] P Thouars Madagascar MADAGASCAR 105 105 P00722662 1 holotype 4026985079 P Madagascar Thouars 105 105 P00722664 1 isotype 4026984678 1994-09-22 MO, TAN Rahajasoa Madagascar -15.583333 Antalaha 1284 50.416668 Prov. 106 106 1 Prov. Antsiranana 4026984854 1994-09-22 MO, P, TAN Rahajasoa Madagascar -15.583333 Antalaha 1284 50.416668 Prov. 106 106 1 Antsiranana 4026985002 2004-04-21 MO, P, TAN Ludovic Madagascar 23 -23.10 Mahabo 21 47.730278 Farafangana 106 106 1 Prov. Fianarantsoa 4026985081 2004-04-22 MO, P, TAN Ludovic Madagascar 31 -23.145 Nosiala 21 47.705 Mahabo Mananivo 106 106 1 4026985066 2004-10-29 G, K, MO, P, TAN Ludovic Madagascar 21 -23.183332 Nosiala 1256 47.683334 Mahabo Mananivo 106 106 1 4026984549 2004-11-20 G, K, MO, P, TAN Ludovic Madagascar 21 -23.166666 Baboaka 1256 47.733334 Mahabo Mananivo 106 106 1 4026984728 2001-11-05 Strigose: very short and stiff appressed trichomes. MO, TAN, TEF McPherson Madagascar 30 -23.180832 Mahabo 21 47.708057 106 12 1 4026984331 [454,1065,865,893] 2001-11-05 MO, P, TAN, TEF McPherson Madagascar 30 -23.180832 Mahabo 21 47.708057 106 106 1 4026984439 2001-11-07 MO, P, TAN, TEF McPherson Madagascar 20 -23.178333 Mahabo 21 47.70667 106 106 1 4026984752 2002-09-22 MO, NY, P, TAN, TEF Rabevohitra Madagascar 20 -23.148056 Mahabo 21 47.717777 106 106 1 4026984502 2004-06-19 MO A. Randrianasolo Madagascar 10 -23.148056 Mahabo 21 47.717777 106 106 1 4026984896 2003-08-26 G, MO, P, TEF Razakamalala Madagascar 24 -23.20139 Mahabo 21 47.713333 106 106 1 4026985047 2004-10-13 MO, NY, P, TAN, TEF Razakamalala Madagascar -21.46778 Mananjary 21 48.295277 Mananjary 106 106 1 4026984755 1955-07-26 MO, P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -22.483334 Amporoforo 21 47.791668 106 106 1 4026985058 1955-01-07 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -21.325 Ambalavotaka 21 48.358334 106 106 1 4026984989 2002-11-21 MO, P, TAN Antilahimena Madagascar Prov. 200 -15.474722 d'Ambinanitelo 21 49.552776 Maroantsetra 106 106 1 Prov. Toamasina 4026984789 1986-01-23 MO, P, TAN Dorr Madagascar -17.633333 Mahatsara forest 1278 49.483334 Fenerive-Est 106 106 1 4026985018 2003-01-30 G, K, MO, P, TEF Rabevohitra Madagascar -16.773333 Soanieran'Ivongo 21 49.71417 Soanieran'Ivongo 106 106 1 4026984395 2003-11-13 G, K, MO, NY, P, TAN, TEF Rabevohitra Madagascar Mahanoro -20.359446 Ambodibonara 21 48.60583 Ambodibonara 106 106 1 4026984387 2004-01-31 MO, NY, P, TEF Rabevohitra Madagascar -16.753334 Tanambao 21 49.715557 Soanieran'Ivongo 106 106 1 4026984679 2001-12-10 Strigose: very short and stiff appressed trichomes. MO, P, TAN, TEF Rabenantoandro Madagascar Brickaville 5 -18.556389 Vohibola 21 49.249443 Andranokoditra 106 12 1 4026984593 1996-07-31 MO, P, TAN A. Randrianasolo Madagascar 3 Tampolo forest 106 106 1 4026984338 1996-10-28 G, K, MO, P, TAN A. Randrianasolo Madagascar 2 -18.816668 Ambila Lemaitso 1274 49.133335 106 106 1 4026984383 1999-10-09 G, MO, P, TAN A. Randrianasolo Madagascar 3 -18.860556 Ambila Lemaitso 21 49.14278 106 106 1 4026984523 1988-04-13 1988-04-23 1988-04-13 MO, TAN Schatz Madagascar 165 -15.5 Nosy Mangabe 1284 49.766666 Maroantsetra 106 106 1 4026985054 1951-01-29 P, TAN, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -19.733334 Mahanoro 21 48.808334 106 106 1 4026984691 1952-12-11 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -18.816668 Ambila Lemaitso 1274 49.133335 106 106 1 4026984860 1952-12-12 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -18.816668 Ambila Lemaitso 1274 49.133335 106 106 1 4026984546 [643,1396,1799,1826] 1953-01-24 MO, P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -18.816668 Ambila Lemaitso 1274 49.133335 106 106 1 4026984688 2011-11-25 Pubescent: with various types of short and soft trichomes (e.g., A. turkii Randrian. & Lowry). MO, P, TAN Ratovoson Madagascar Prov. 20 -24.47 Mahatalaky St Luce 21 47.08 Fort-Dauphin 106 11 S7, 2 1 Toliara