Mycophtorus peruvianus Kirsch, 1876: 101 Gemminger and Harold 1876: 3695 Kuhnt 1909: 89 Kuhnt 1911: 66 Mader 1942: 176 Mader 1951: 224 Blackwelder 1945: 468 Alvarenga 1994: 41 McHugh and Chaboo 2015: 278 Skelley and Powell 2018: 305 Mycotretus peruvianus ( Kirsch, 1876 ) Skelley and Powell 2018: 305 Mycotretus Taxonomic review of Mycomystes Gorham, 1888 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini) Pecci-Maddalena, Italo S. C. Skelley, Paul Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano Journal of Natural History 2021 2021-05-14 54 47 - 48 3075 3102 (Kirsch, 1876) Pecci-Maddalena & Skelley & Lopes-Andrade 2021 Kirsch 1876 [329,766,980,1006] Insecta Erotylidae Mycomystes GBIF Animalia Coleoptera 21 3095 Arthropoda species peruvianus comb. nov.   Figures 52–54, 55      Mycophtorus peruvianus Kirsch, 1876: 101[description].  Gemminger and Harold 1876: 3695;  Kuhnt 1909: 89;  Kuhnt 1911: 66;  Mader 1942: 176;  Mader 1951: 224;  Blackwelder 1945: 468;  Alvarenga 1994: 41;  McHugh and Chaboo 2015: 278;  Skelley and Powell 2018: 305.    Mycotretus peruvianus( Kirsch, 1876).  Skelley and Powell 2018: 305[generic transference to  Mycotretus]; Pecci-Maddalena and Lopes-Andrade 2020: 579.     Holotype( SNSD; Figures 52–54 ) ‘Pozuzu, M. Kirsch [pale green paper, printed]\Typus [red paper, printed]\Mycophthorus peruvianus KirschTypus! [white paper, handwritten]\Staatl.Museum für Tierkunde Dresden [white paper, printed]\ HOLOTYPUS[red paper, printed]\ Mycotretus peruvianus (Kirsch), det. P. Skelley 2012 [white paper]’.  Other specimens examined (13)   1 female( FSCA, dissected) ‘ PERU, Madre de Dios, Tambopata Res.  Zone, Tambopata Research, CnTr on Rio Tambopata[printed]\ S13 08 . 305, W69 36 . 502, 622 ft (3–7)-  X-2004, CRBartlett Malaise Trap[printed]’; 1 male( FSCA, dissected) ‘ PERU: Dept.  Madre de Dios: Pantiacolla Lodge, Alto Madre de DiosR., 12°39.3 ʹS 71°13.9 ʹW, 420 m, 14–19-XI -2007, D.  Brzoska, ex. flight intercept trap, PER1B07 004 [printed]\SEMC0874169, KUNHM- ENT [printed]\  Mycotretus peruvianus(Kirsch)det . P . Skelley’16’ [printed]”.  1 male, 1 female, 5 gender not determined ( FSCA, dissected) ‘ BOLIVIA: Dpto.  Sta.  Cruz, 5 km.SSE.  Buena Vista, Hotel Floray Fauna,  440 m, ForestFIT; S 17°29.925 W 63° 39.128;  440 m; ForestFIT; 15.24-  XII-2003; S. & J.  Peck; 03–131’; 4 ( FSCA) ‘ BOLIVIA: Dpto.  Sta.  Cruz, 5 km.SSE.  Buena Vista, Hotel Floray Fauna,  440 m, ForestFIT; S 17°29.925 W 63° 39.128;  440 m; ForestFIT; 24/  31-XII-2003; S. & J.  Peck; 03–132’;   Diagnosis Body shape rounded, small, length 2.8 mm, width 1.8 mm. Body oblong, convex, weakly glossy, finely and evenly punctate; colouration brown with paler margins and appendages. Clypeus with a marginal bead fine and complete across apex. Additional characters: Metendosternite: anterior tendons thin. Genitalia: Penile flagellum elongate, approximately 2× the length of penis. Head of penile flagellum small, not very dark and with a single short anterior process that is upturned (similar to the ‘tip of an arrow’ in dorsal view). Vaginal process inconspicuous.   Distribution  Bolivia, Peru( Alvarenga 1994; Skelley and Powell 2018) ( Figure 55).  Nomenclature   Mycomystes peruvianuswas described in the genus  Mycophtorus Lacordaire (1842). Later, it was redescribed and provisionally placed under  Mycotretusby Skelley and Powell (2018). In the redefinition of  Mycomystesproposed here, the species is transferred to  Mycomystesdue to the following features: presence of a subptengonal mentum with a nearly rounded outline; body oval, almost circular; apical maxillary palpomere semicircular and approximately 5× wider than apical labial palps; and abdominal lines conspicuous.   Key to species of  Mycomystes  1. Body oval to almost circular (i.e. elytral outline conspicuously arched at the 1/2 of elytra) (e.g. Figure 19–33); tibiae not or barely widened apically ( Figure 8) ...................................... 2– Body elongate (elytral outline arched at the 2/3 of elytra) (e.g. Figure 34, 42–43); tibiae widened apically ( Figure 9) ............................................................................................................. 5  2 (1). Dorsal colouration brown with paler margins and appendages. Mesoventrite broadly rectangular, approximately 4× as wide as long, coarsely punctate. Male genitalia with flagellar head small, with a single short anterior process that is upturned (similar to the ‘tip of an arrow’ in dorsal view). Bolivia, Peru( Figure 52–54) ................................................... ................................................................................................   Mycomystes peruvianus( Kirsch, 1876)– Dorsal colouration yellowish to red-brown, often with distinct black pattern. Mesoventrite approximately 1.5–2.0× as wide as long, usually finely punctate; flagellar head large ........................................................................................................................................ 3  3 (2). Body oval. Dorsal colouration highly variable: head full yellowish to full blackish; pronotum full blackish or usually with two or three yellowish oval spots; elytra full reddish or reddish and apically blackish ( Figure 19–27). Male genitalia with flagellar head subrectangular ( Figure 13), narrowed or slightly subtriangular, i.e. narrowed posteriorly and widened apically, with the lateral borders gently rounded close to anterior border. Southeast Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela........   Mycomystes apicalis( Lacordaire, 1842)– Body almost circular and shortened. Dorsal colouration yellowish to reddish brown. Flagellar head fish-like, conspicuously triangular, horseshoe-shaped, with a short anterior process, etc. .......................................................................................................................... 4  4 (3). Colour pattern full yellowish to reddish-brown, tarsi with the same colour of the body. North and Southeast Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Panama( Figures 28–33) ..................................... .....................................   Mycomystes coccineus( Lacordaire, 1842)– Colour pattern as the previous species, tarsi blackish. Mexico( Figure 38–39) ................. ......................................................................................   Mycomystes fuscitarsis( Gorham, 1888)  5 (1). Posterior apex of prosternal process, mesoventrite, metaventrite and legs blackish ( Figure 50). Male genitalia with head of penile flagellum horseshoe-shaped, inner contours widely separated, anterior borders shallowly fused medially ( Figure 16). South and Southeast Brazil   Mycomystes nigriventrisPecci-Maddalena and Lopes-Andrade, 2020– Ventral colouration full yellowish to reddish-brown. Male genitalia with head of penile flagellum not horseshoe-shaped ( Figure 15). ............................................................. 6  6 (5). Protibiae with outer apical angle rounded; elytral punctation uniformly longitudinal. From Central America to Argentina( Figure 40, 42–45, 47) ............................................................... .......................................................................   Mycomystes melanophthalmus( Duponchel, 1825)– Protibiae with outer apical angle sharply pointed; elytral punctation slightly irregular and confluent at disc. Mexico( Figure 34)   Mycomystes ferrugineus Gorham, 1888 [160,549,1315,1341] SNSD 21 3095 1 holotype [160,937,1565,1590] FSCA Tambopata Res Peru Madre de Dios 21 3095 1 1 Madre de Dios Peru Zone CnTr on Rio Tambopata Tambopata Research 21 3095 1 Madre de Dios [764,932,1599,1624] Peru Zone true CnTr on Rio Tambopata Tambopata Research 21 3095 1 Madre de Dios 2004-10 FSCA Dept Peru PERU 21 3095 1 1 Alto Peru Pantiacolla Lodge 21 3095 1 Madre de Dios [265,390,1703,1728] Peru Brzoska 21 3095 1 Madre de Dios [691,716,142,167] Peru true Brzoska 22 3096 1 Madre de Dios [717,952,142,167] Peru Skelley' 22 3096 1 Madre de Dios FSCA Dpto Bolivia BOLIVIA 22 3096 2 1 1 [857,895,177,202] Bolivia Sta 22 3096 1 [908,1031,177,202] Bolivia Cruz 22 3096 1 2003-12 Forest Bolivia Buena Vista 440 -17.49875 Fauna 1 -63.652134 Hotel Flora 22 3096 1 [411,851,246,271] FSCA Dpto Bolivia Peck 22 3096 1 [863,901,246,271] Bolivia Sta 22 3096 1 [913,1031,246,271] Bolivia Cruz 22 3096 1 2003-12-31 Forest Bolivia Buena Vista 440 -17.49875 Fauna 1 -63.652134 Hotel Flora 22 3096 1 [408,561,316,341] Bolivia Peck 22 3096 1