Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species Ortega-Salas, Héctor González-Soriano, Enrique Jocque, Merlijn Zootaxa 2022 2022-01-11 5089 1 1 66 Ortega-Salas & Gonzalez-Soriano Ortega-Salas & Gonzalez-Soriano 2022 [151,800,1255,1282] Insecta Megapodagrionidae Paraphlebia Animalia Odonata 6 7 Arthropoda species akan sp. nov.   Figs. 2(head ♂), 14 (thorax ♂), 63, 83–84 (appendages ♂), 118 (posterior lobe of prothorax ♂), 150 (map).  urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E52DB127-9AB8-40EF-9BDE-109FF0988EBF   Holotype. GUATEMALA• 1 ♂;  Zacapa, Río Hondo, Trib. Río Cañas, above Jones; [ 15.130°N, 89.530°W];  1700 m;  22 Aug 1976; T. Donnellyleg.; TWD; IBUNAM:CNIN:OD22717   Etymology. Named  akan/ɑˈkɑn/ (L. noun in apposition), after Akan, the Mayan God of alcoholic beverages and other toxic and hallucinogenic substances. This seems appropriate since this species occurs in the region where the renowned ZacapaRum is produced.   Description of holotype  Head. Chiefly black, labrum dark brown to black, anteclypeus dark brown, postclypeus cream over bluish base, with a narrow black line on posterior margin, frons with pale spots anterolateral to antennae, occiput with complete pale occipital bar, eyes dark brown to black; antennae scape black with dark brown distal border, pedicel and flagellum dark brown.  Thorax. Prothorax: chiefly pale on dorsum; middle lobe with black dorsolateral spots; posterior lobe with black lateral spots, see Fig. 118for morphology; propleuron black. Pterothorax: see Fig. 14for colour pattern.  Wings. Hyaline, with slight amber tint; FW with 1.0/1.4 post-quadrangular cells, on the left wing, the vein that descends from the subnodus at the first Vx, on the right wing this vein is distal to the first Vx by a distance of twofifths of the second post-quadrangular cell; HW field between CuA and posterior margin lacking supplementary veins, CuA in HW not forked. Px: FW 34/30, HW 28/27.  Abdomen. Chiefly black; S1 dark brown; S2 with pale ventrolateral horizontal stripes; S3–7 with pale basal rings, on S7 not closing dorsally; S9–10 and cerci pruinose on dorsum.  Caudal appendages. Cerci: see Fig. 64for morphology. Paraprocts: rudimentary, superior lobe completely absent; inferior lobe in lateral view smoothly rounded. Measurements. Abdomen: 41.5, FW: 34.1, HW: 33.3  Description of female.Female unknown.   Diagnosis.  Paraphlebia akanbelongs to the group of species with the mediodorsal flange of the cerci welldeveloped. Three species,  P. chiarae, P, hyalina, and  P. kukulkanare similar to  P. akan; however, the distal margin of the cercus has a sclerotized blade-shaped tip ( Figs. 63, 65–66), while in  P. akanthe tip is smoothly rounded ( Fig. 64).  Paraphlebia hyalinais set apart from  P. akan,  P. chiarae, and  P. kukulkanby having clearly forked paraprocts with well-developed upper and lower branches ( Figs. 62a, 81–82). In  P. akanthe paraprocts are rudimentary, in lateral view smoothly rounded and with no indication of an upper branch ( Fig. 83–84).  Paraphlebia chiaraeand  P. kukulkanare intermediate, having a poorly developed upper branch defined by a shallow groove and a welldeveloped lower branch with an acute projection directed posteriad ( Fig. 93–94).  Paraphlebia kukulkanhas the most easily distinguishable cerci, in dorsal view the mediodorsal flange convex and narrowest proximal to half its length ( Fig. 66a), while in  P. akan,  P. hyalinaand  P. chiaraeeach cercus is smoothly curved throughout its length and narrowest at its proximal end ( Figs. 63a–65a). The posterior lobe of the prothorax in  P akan,  P. chiarae, and  P. hyalinais similar in shape with the posterior margin semi-circular and entire ( Figs. 112, 118, 120); however, in  P chiaraeand  P. hyalina, depending on the position, it can appear to have a shallow medial notch and is slightly convex towards the outside edges.  Paraphlebia kukulkandiffers from the other three species by having subtriangular lateral margins with one straight side at least as long as four-fifths of the lobe width ( Fig. 112).  Natural history. The holotypewas collected in a stream within a mountain wet forest.   Distribution. East-Central Guatemala: known only from the typelocality north of Zacapaon the south slope of the Sierra de las Minas National Park in Río Hondo department at 1700 m.a.s.l. 4023503728 1976-08-22 TWD, IBUNAM T. Donnelly Guatemala Rio Hondo 1700 15.13 Jones 76 -89.53 Rio Canas 6 7 1 1 Zacapa holotype