Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species Ortega-Salas, Héctor González-Soriano, Enrique Jocque, Merlijn Zootaxa 2022 2022-01-11 5089 1 1 66 Ortega-Salas & Gonzalez-Soriano Ortega-Salas & Gonzalez-Soriano 2022 [151,816,1651,1678] Insecta Megapodagrionidae Paraphlebia Animalia Odonata 20 21 Arthropoda species kinich sp. nov.   Figs. 12(head ♂), 29–30 (thorax ♂ ♀), 36 (abdomen ♂), 47, 59 (wings ♂), 79, 86 (appendages ♂), 99, 106 (posterior lobe of prothorax ♀ ♂), 133 (S8– 10 ♀), 149 (map), 161 (habitus ♂).  urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 93A8162C-F68A-46E4-87CE-F180D7D59956   Holotype. MEXICO• 1 ♂;  Chiapas, Salto de Agua, CascadaMisol-Ha; [ 17.391°N, 91.998°W];  270 m;  26 Jul 1990; E. González-Soriano& V. Garcíaleg.; IBUNAM; IBUNAM:CNIN:OD22735.   Paratypes. MEXICO• 1 ♀;  Chiapas, Palenque, Streamcrossing highway about 1/ 3 milebelow parking lot at Palenqueruins; 17.487°N, 92.049°W;  105 m; G.H. & A.F. Beattyleg.; FEM; PSUC_ FEM_69062 • same data but  3 ♂♂; Salto de Agua, Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas[Cascada Misol-Ha]; [ 17.391°N, 91.998°W];  270 m;  4–15 May 1981; C.M. Flint& O.S. Flint Jr.leg.; USNM • same data but 1 ♂; CascadaMisol-Ha;  17–18 May 1981; RWG; IBUNAM:CNIN:OD22741 • same data but  7 ♂♂; USNM• same data but  6 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀;  26 Jul 1990; E. González-Soriano& V. Garcíaleg.; IBUNAM; IBUNAM:CNIN:OD22733 to 22734, 22736 to 22740, 22898 • same data but 2 ♂♂; 17.391°N, 91.998°W;  30 Aug 2015; H. Ortega-Salas, M. Trujano-Ortega& U. García-Vázquezleg.; IBUNAM:CNIN:OD22915 to 22916 • same data but 1 ♂;  Oaxaca, Santiago Comáltepec, Km.56.9 carretera federal 175 Tuxtepec-Oaxaca; [ 17.726°N, 96.326°W];  626 m;  25 May 1981; H. Velascoleg.; IBUNAM:CNIN: OD22745.   Etymology. Named  kinich/kɪˈnɪtʃɪ/ (L. noun in apposition), after Kinich Ahau (also K’inich Ajaw, K’in Ajaw, K’in Ahau or K’in Ahaw), the Mayan Sun God. As many other forest species,  Paraphlebiaindividuals usually perch in the sparse sunrays that reaches the lower layer of the vegetation.   Description of holotype  Head. Chiefly black, labrum dark glossy blue, anteclypeus with one medial and two lateral pale spots, postclypeus turquoise to pale blue, maxillae pale, frons turquoise to pale blue, vertex with two pale spots anterolateral to lateral ocelli, occiput with pale occipital bar restricted to lateral edges, eyes dark brown to black, black in life; antennal scape with pale distal margin, pedicel black on medial side turning pale towards lateral surface, flagellum of first segment pale with distal margin black, distal segments black.  Thorax. Prothorax: chiefly black; middle lobe with anterolateral pale spots covering half of its width; posterior lobe mostly pale with black markings on anterior margin, see Fig. 106( paratype) for morphology. Pterothorax: see Fig. 29( paratype) for colour pattern; sternum pale with lateral black marks; legs black, but coxae and trochanters pale; femora pale on proximal third; claws reddish.  Wings. Hyaline, slightly amber tinted, the vein that descends from the subnodus in FW slightly proximal to the first post-quadrangular Vx; CuA in HW forked, field between CuA and posterior margin with one supplementary vein and one extra sector. Px: FW 33–36, HW 29/29.  Abdomen. Black with pale areas as follow: S1 with ventrolateral spots; S2 with ventrolateral horizontal lines; S3–7 with laterobasal rings; S8 with basolateral spots; S9–10 and cerci pruinose on dorsum.  Caudal appendages. Cerci: see Fig. 79for structure. Paraprocts: rudimentary; superior lobe completely absent; inferior lobe in lateral view somewhat angled but not with an acute projection. Measurements. Abdomen: 40, FW: 34, HW: 33.  Variation in males. In some specimens from Misol-Ha the extension of the pale markings on the prothorax dorsum is slightly smaller than in the holotype. In some specimens the field between CuA and posterior margin of HW has only one extra sector. Measurements. Abdomen: 36.0–43.0, FW: 29.0–35.0, HW: 28.5–33.6; Px: FW 32–38; Px: HW 27–33.  Description of female paratype  Head. As in male.  Thorax. Prothorax: see Fig. 99for morphology. Pterothorax: pale mediodorsal carina; mesepisternum as in male and with medial longitudinal line extending about two-tenths of its length; depression mesad to mesostigmal lobe in mesostigmal plate angulate.  Wings. Hyaline, with a slightly amber tint; Px: FW 32/33; Px: FW 29/28.  Abdomen. S1–7 as in male but pale markings more extensive. S8 dorsal pale spot present. S9 pale dorsal spot mushroom shaped, widened to rear. Ovipositor ending beyond tip of cerci. Measurements. Abdomen: 37.0, FW: 32.4, HW: 31.6.   Diagnosis. This species is related to  P. hunnaland  P. flintiand is diagnosed under the latter.  Natural history. This species has been collected within the spray zone of large waterfalls and streams in tropical rainforest and mountain cloud forest.   Distribution. Southeast Mexico: it has been collected at the Misol-Ha ecotourist park and Palenque national park in Chiapasas well as in the Sierra de Juárez in Oaxacafrom 100– 626 m.a.s.l.   Remarks.Three males collected by C. M. Flint and O. S. Flint Jr., deposited at USNM, are labelled as collected at:  Veracruz: San Andrés Tuxtla: Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station. However, according to Dr. Flint (personal communication, October 6, 2016) it is certain that these specimens are mislabelled. This is due to the fact that during the same collection field trip his team was both in Los Tuxtlas and Misol-Ha with a few days of difference which led to the misplacement of these specimens. 4023503630 1990-07-26 IBUNAM E. Gonzalez-Soriano & V. Garcia Mexico 270 17.391 Cascada 76 -91.998 Salto de Agua 20 21 1 1 Chiapas holotype 4023503707 FEM G. H. & A. F. Beatty Mexico Palenque 105 17.487 Palenque 76 -92.049 Stream 20 21 1 1 Chiapas paratype 4023503372 1981-05-04 1981-05-15 1981-05-04 USNM C. M. Flint & O. S. Flint Jr. Mexico Palenque 270 21 22 17.391 Estacion de Biologia Tropical Los Tuxtlas 76 -91.998 Salto de Agua 20 21 3 3 Chiapas paratype 4023503648 1981-05-04 1981-05-15 1981-05-04 USNM C. M. Flint & O. S. Flint Jr. Mexico Palenque 270 17.391 Estacion de Biologia Tropical Los Tuxtlas 76 -91.998 Salto de Agua 21 22 3 3 Chiapas paratype 4023503762 [618,790,187,213] 1981-05-17 1981-05-18 1981-05-17 RWG, IBUNAM C. M. Flint & O. S. Flint Jr. Mexico Palenque 270 17.391 Cascada 76 -91.998 Salto de Agua 21 22 1 1 Chiapas paratype 4023503341 [798,1139,187,215] 1981-05-17 1981-05-18 1981-05-17 USNM C. M. Flint & O. S. Flint Jr. Mexico Palenque 270 17.391 Cascada 76 -91.998 Salto de Agua 21 22 7 7 Chiapas paratype 4023503314 1990-07-26 1981-05-18 1981-05-17 IBUNAM E. Gonzalez-Soriano & V. Garcia Mexico Palenque 270 17.391 Cascada 76 -91.998 Salto de Agua 21 22 8 2 6 Chiapas paratype 4023503380 1990-07-26 1981-05-18 1981-05-17 IBUNAM E. Gonzalez-Soriano & V. Garcia Mexico Palenque 270 17.391 Cascada 76 -91.998 Salto de Agua 21 22 8 2 6 Chiapas paratype 4023503337 2015-08-30 1981-05-18 1981-05-17 IBUNAM H. Velasco Mexico Palenque 270 17.391 Cascada 76 -91.998 Salto de Agua 21 22 2 2 Chiapas paratype