Taxonomic review of tropical western Atlantic shallow water Drilliidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) including descriptions of 100 new species Fallon, Phillip J. Zootaxa 2016 4090 1 1 363 5XNB3 Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 Bartsch & Rehder 1939 [151,671,151,178] Gastropoda Drilliidae Cerodrillia Animalia Neogastropoda 63 64 Mollusca species clappi   Not this species or unconfirmed extralimital reports.   Cerodrillia (Cerodrillia) clappi(Bartsch & Rehder, 1939): Perry (1940: 164, pl. 38, fig. 260 [fig. not of  C. clappi= Cerodrillia sanibelensis, new species]).   Cerodrillia clappiBartsch & Rehder, 1939: Perry & Schwengel (1955: 181, pl. 38, fig. 260 [fig. not of  C. clappi= C. sanibelensis]); Morris (1973: 247, pl. 68, fig. 9 [=  C. sanibelensis]); Odé (1991: 25 [description not of  C. clappi, prob. =  Douglassia bealianaSchwengel & McGinty, 1942]); Abbott & Morris (1995: 256 [description = C. sanibelensis]); Absalão et al.(2005: 22, fig. 4 [ Brazil; fig. not of  C. clappi]); Williams (2009: 1521 [left photo of right pair = C. sanibelensis]).   Cerodrilliacf. clappiBartsch & Rehder, 1939: Tunnell et al.(2010: 242 [photo not of  C. clappiprob. =  D. bealiana]).    Typematerial. Holotype11.6 x 4.2 mm(USNM 493408). Eleven paratypesare known. Bartsch & Rehder stated that “the typeUSNM no. 493408 is one of a series of specimens dredged by J.B. Henderson, Jr. at 4 fathoms in Hawk Channel, Fla.” but did not give the lot numbers. Two lots were found that have data labels matching this locality and are presumed be part of the “series of specimens” and thus part of the typeseries: 2 spec., 9.4 x 3.5 & 7.9 x 3.2 mm, in 3–20 ft[ 1–6 m],  EolisSta.65, Hawk Channel, Key West, Florida Keys, J.B. Henderson! 15 May 1913(USNM 411108), and 7 spec., the best 5: 9.8 x 3.9, 7.7 x 3.2, 9.8 x 3.7, 8.5 x 3.4 & 10.7 x 4.0 mm, in 7 m, Hawk Channel, Florida Keys, J.B. Henderson coll. (USNM 411270). This additional lot of paratypeswas identified in the same paper: 2 spec., 8.5 x 3.6 & 8.1 x 3.3 mm, from No Name Key, Florida Keys, ex. H. Hemphill coll. (USNM 27653).   Typelocality.R/V  Eolis, Hawk Channel, [Key West], Florida Keys, in 4 fms [ 7 m] depth. Although not explicitly stated by Bartsch & Rehder but on the basis of  Eolislog data (Bieler & Mikkelsen, 2003) the typewas probably collected at  EolisStations65 or 66, which was sampled in Hawk Channel off Key West on 15 or 16 May 1913. This is corroborated by the data label in lot USNM 411108 (part of the Henderson material examined by Bartsch & Rehder and from which the typewas selected), that explicitly gives the location as  EolisStation 65. The data label of the other lot believed to be part of the original material, USNM 411270, does not give the station number.  Other material examined.An additional 8 specimenswere examined that are believed to be this species: 3 spec., 10.4 x 4.3, 8.9 x 3.3 & 8.1 x 3.2 mm, in 1 m, NE of No Name Key, Florida Keys, D. Steger! 1 Aug 1959(UF 158170); 2 spec., 10.1 x 4.2 & 8.7 x 3.5 mm, W of John Sawyer Bank [about 5 kmNW of Fanny Keys, Marathon], J. Moore! Nov 1966(EFG 11608); 1 spec., 10.4 x 3.8 mm, in 61 m, Marathon Key, 1978 (USNM 900102); 2 spec., 11.5 x 4.5 & 13.1 x 4.8 mm, in 27–30 m, W of Anclote Key, Pasco Co., W Florida, J. Moore! (ANSP 314402).  Range and habitat.Florida Keys; W Florida (Pasco Co.). Reported from 1– 61 m.   Description. Shellsmall (to 13.1 mm), somewhat narrowly fusiform for genus, anterior produced, small (to 11.6 mm); whorls flat-to slightly convex, sutures appressed, number to 8½, last whorl about 60% of total length. Protoconchof 1½–1¾ smooth round whorls. Axial sculptureof moderately broad, low opisthocline ribs that run from suture-to-suture on spire whorls, evanescent on shell base, round in axial profile on spire whorls, more angular on last whorl, rib crests round; ribs number 8–10 on the penultimate and 6–9 on the last whorl to the varix, their interspaces wider than the ribs. Growth striae microscopic. Vari xcup handle-like, just behind the anal sinus. Spiral sculptureof fine threads on the shell base, becoming stronger and ridge-like anteriorly; about 3 on the shell base. Sulcusnot distinct but shoulder region marked by lower, narrower recurved ribs, reflecting the outline of the anal sinus. Outer lipthin, with a deep anal sinus posteriorly, and a slight stromboid notch anteriorly; edge of lip forms a low, flattened arc from the anal sinus to the stromboid notch. One axial fold may be present. Anal sinusUshaped, just below the suture on whorl shoulder, sides slightly divergent, entrance offset by a parietal lobe. Inner liprecumbent but pinched along the anterior canal, margined; formed into a parietal lobe posteriorly. Anterior canalshort but distinct, open, with a slight hook to the left at its tip viewed ventrally, unnotched; anterior fasciole with about 5 spiral ridges; fasciole not swollen. Coloroff-white to light brown, shell base and ribs lighter, usually white. The holotypehas a narrow light-brown peripheral band, which is not present in most other specimens examined.   Remarks. Nomenclature. Cerodrillia clappiis the typeof the genus. Confusion regarding the true nature of this species began early with the publication of a guide book (Perry 1940) with the illustration of a different species labeled as  C. clappi. Figure 260 inPerry (1940), and also in Perry & Schwengel (1955), do not match the typeof  C. clappi, as captioned, but is a different species, which is described below as  Cerodrillia sanibelensis, new species. Ambiguity about the species continued, Abbott (1974: 271) considered  C. clappia probable variant of  C. perryae, and Abbott & Morris (1995: 256) called it a form of  Cerodrillia thea(Dall, 1884). A comparison of shell morphology with other  Cerodrilliasupports separation of  C. clappias discrete species. The confusion continued with the identification of Texas material as  C. clappi(Odé, 1991: 25)but he noted that much of the material in the 16 lots of the Houston Museum of Natural Science (HMNS) survey better resembled  C. perryaefigured by Perry & Schwengel (1955: pl. 38, fig. 260A), rather than their figure of  C. clappi(  C. perryaewas not described as having a mid-whorl stripe;  C. clappiwas). Tunnell et al.(2010: 240) changed the identification of the Texas species to  Cerodrilliacf. clappi. The Texas material is neither  C. clappinor  C. perryae, but rather  Douglassia bealianaSchwengel & McGinty, 1942on the basis of Odé’s description and the figure in Tunnell et al. Variability.The average length of 18 specimensis 9.62 mm( 7.7–13.1 mm), and their average W/ L ratiois 0.392. Bartsch & Rehder include in their description of the species the dark spiral stripe seen in the holotype; however, specimens appear to be variable for this character. Specimens from off Anclote Key, Pasco Co. and deeper water differ somewhat from the Florida Keys specimens from shallower water ( 27–30 mversus 1–7 m) have somewhat fewer ribs on penultimate whorl (8 versus 8–10) are believed to only represent a regional variation. Curiously, these deeper water specimens all have the faint spiral stripe that is present on the holotypebut absent on specimens of the remaining typeseries.  Identification. Cerodrillia clappidiffers from  C. perryaein color, usually off white to light brown with a white base, without a brown band. It differs from  C. sanibelensis, new species, in being more slender and having more ribs. Specimens from Pasco Co. differ from  C. harryleei, new speciesin possessing more streamlined, not knob-like ribs and are a different color.