A new species of Anheteromeyenia (Porifera, Demospongiae) with an emended diagnosis of the genus Calheira, Ludimila Pinheiro, Ulisses Zootaxa 2018 2018-02-07 4378 1 129 136 5V2B3 Calheira & Pinheiro, 2018 Calheira & Pinheiro 2018 [151,510,1485,1511] Demospongiae Spongillidae Anheteromeyenia GBIF Animalia Spongillida 2 131 Porifera species diamantina sp. nov.     Typelocality. Poço Halley, Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina, BahiaState, Brazil.   Material Studied. Holotype. UFPEPOR 2061, Poço Halley, Lençóis, Bahia, Brazil, ( 12°33’47.9”S 41°23’46.3”W), coll. Calheira, L.  31.xii.2015. Paratypes. UFPEPOR 2062, coll. L. Calheira, 31.xii.2015; UFPEPOR 2063, 2064, 2065, coll. F. Andrade, 31.xii.2015(collected together with the holotype).   Diagnosis. One category of megascleres (exclusively smooth oxeas); microscleres absent; acanthoxea and acanthostrongyle gemmuloscleres radially embedded in the gemmular theca, emerging more or less from the inner layer according to their different levels of insertion.   Description of holotype.UFPEPOR 2061 encrusting, less than 10 mmthick. Hispid surface. Oscules inconspicuous. Colour in life green turning creamy white after preservation in ethanol 70%. Consistency soft, compressible and fragile. Spicules.Megascleres oxeas (267–335.1–406 / 10–13.1–16 µm), microscleres absent, gemmuloscleres acanthoxeas (161–172.3–180 / 6–7–10µm) and acanthostrongyles (100–146–177 / 6–7–10µm). Gemmules scattered throughout the sponge (567–689.9–867 µm in diameter) ( Table 1).   TABLE 1.Micrometric data for the type specimens of  Anheteromeyenia diamantina  sp. nov.Values are in micrometers (μm), expressed as follows: minimum–mean–maximum length/width of shaft; and diameter of gemmules.    Species/ Specimens Locality Megascleres Oxea Gemmuloscleres Acanthoxea Gemmuloscleres Acanthostrongyle Gemmules  Holotype (UFPE 2061) BA, Brazil 267–335.1–406/ 10–13.1–16 161–172.3–180/6– 7–10 (28%) 100–146–177/6–7– 10 (72%) 567–689.9–867  Paratype (UFPE 2062) BA, Brazil 274–306.2–345/ 10–11.5–15 145–170.7–193/6– 7.8–10 (17%) 77–119.1–145/5– 5.9–6 (83%) 767  Paratype (UFPE 2063) BA, Brazil 239–323.9–366/ 8–11.4–14 120–144.6–172/6– 7.2–8 (32%) 81–105.2–124/6– 6.4–7 (68%) -  Paratype (UFPE 2064) BA, Brazil 287–315.6–368/ 10–10.7–12 105–120.3–143/5– 5.8–7 (13%) 96–116.3–124/5– 5.2–6 (87%) -  Paratype (UFPE 2065) BA, Brazil 232–320.7–307/ 10–10.8–13 135–153–161/6–7– 8 (18%) 116–129.9–142/5– 6.4–8 (72%) 533–644.4–700   FIGURE 3.Scanning electron microscopy images of spicules from the holotype (UFPEPOR 2061) of  Anheteromeyenia diamantina  sp. nov.(A) Oxea megascleres. (B) Acanthoxea gemmuloscleres. (C) Acanthostrongyle gemmuloscleres. (D) Detail of the tip of acanthoxea gemmuloscleres. (E) Detail of the tip of acanthostrongyle gemmuloscleres. Scale bars: A 100 µm, B, C 50 µm, D, E 20 µm.  Description.Sponge encrusting to massive. Surface hispid with inconspicuous oscules. Colour green in vivo, creamy white in ethanol 70% ( Fig. 2). Consistency soft, compressible and fragile. Spicules.Megascleres oxeas (232–320.3–406 / 8–11.5–16 µm), smooth, straight to slightly curved, gradually pointed ( Fig. 3A); microscleres absent; gemmuloscleres acanthoxeas (105–152.2–193 / 5–6.9 –10 µm) ( Fig. 3B,D) and acanthostrongyles (77– 123.3–177 / 5–6.6–10 µm), straight shaft, entirely spined with a variable number of spines, usually more abundant and larger at the tips ( Fig. 3C,E). Spines straight (predominantly) or curved (rarely), curved ones occur mainly towards the center of the spicule; straight ones in the center of the spicule. Gemmules (533–700.3–867 µm in diameter) abundant, spherical, scattered throughout the sponge body ( Fig. 4A, B). Foramen simple, short tube without colar, contained inside a conical concavity of the pneumatic layer ( Fig. 4C). Gemmular theca tri-layered: thin inner layer, thick pneumatic layer and inconspicuous outer layer ( Fig. 4D). Gemmuloscleres radially embedded in the gemmular theca, emerging from the inner layer according to their different levels of insertion ( Fig. 4B).   Ecology.Specimens were collected on rocky substrate in shallow and turbid waters, with depth ranging from 10 cmto  1 m.Gemmules were often abundant.   Etymology.The specific epithet refers to the typelocality, at Chapada Diamantina, northeast Brazil. 1821772591 [151,1036,1556,1581] Brazil Chapada Diamantina Poco Halley Lencois 2 131 1 Bahia holotype 1821772590 2015-12-31 UFPEPOR Calheira, L. Brazil -12.563306 Poço Halley 1 -41.396194 Lençóis 2 131 2061 1 Bahia holotype