Gymnetis aureotorquata Bourgoin, 1912: 42
Janson, 1880 : 580
Gymnetis bouvieri Bourgoin, 1912: 127
Schürhoff, 1937 : 63
Gymnetis similis Burm.
undata
undata
similis
Gymnetis undata Ol.
Gymnetis similis Burm., Hand
undata
Paragymnetis burmeisteri
Paragymnetis burmeisteri
burmeisteri
G . similis
G . similis
G . similis
Gymnetis callispila Bates, 1889: 357
Pouillaude, 1913 : 393
Janson, 1875 : 374
Gymnetis chontalensis
Gymnetis chontalensis
chontalensis Jans.
Gymnetis flaveola
Gymnetis chontalensis S. Jans.
Gymnetis flaveola
Pouillaude, 1913 : 281
Burmeister, 1842 : 289
Burmeister, 1842 : 283
Schaum, 1848 : 67
Pouillaude, 1913 : 374
Weber, 1801 : 67
flava Weber
Pouillaude, 1913 : 371
Pouillaude, 1913 : 237
Burmeister, 1842 : 294
Bates, 1886 : 356
Pouillaude, 1913 : 393
Schaum, 1848 : 66
Burmeister, 1842 : 565
Burmeister, 1847 : 552
Gymnetis ramulosa Bates, 1872 (1869)
Schürhoff, 1937 : 63
Paragymnetis rubrocincta
G . pantherina
G . pantherina
Cotinis salicis Bates, 1889: 414
Cotinis salicis Bates
Gymnetis alboscripta Jans.
alboscripta Jans.
Gymnetis alboscripta Janson
Schürhoff, 1937 : 62
Gymnetis scheini
Gymnetis scheini
G . scheini , Schürhoff
G . scheini
Gymnetis vandepolli Bates, 1889: 415
Moser, 1921 : 183
Moser, 1921 : 183
Gymnetis zikani Mos.
Lectotype designations in the New World Gymnetini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)
Ratcliffe, Brett C.
Zootaxa
2004
729
1
19
MacLeay, 1819
MacLeay
1819
[351,661,283,310]
Insecta
Cetoniidae
Gymnetis
Animalia
Coleoptera
5
6
Arthropoda
genus
Gymnetis aureotorquataBourgoin, 1912: 42. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 10) at MNHN, labeled: San Antonio de Barra, Bahia / male symbol / Type/ Coll. Gounelle / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female and paralectotypemale at BMNH, labeled: San Antonio de Barra, Bahia / female symbol and male symbol, respectively / Bourgoin Coll. / my red lectoallotype label and yellow paralectotypelabel, respectively. Gymnetis balzarica Janson, 1880: 580. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 11) at MNHN, labeled: Balzar Mt., Ecuador/ Cotype / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Female lectoallotype at BMNH, labeled: Balzar, Ecuador/ Type/ Bourgoin Coll., BM, 1938 / Collection Rosenberg / my red lectoallotype label. One male paralectotypeat BMNH with same labels as lectoallotype and with my yellow paralectotypelabel. One male paralectotypeat MNHN with same labels as lectotypeand with my yellow paralectotypelabel. Two female paralectotypesat ZMHU, labeled: Balzar, Ecuador/ my yellow paralectotypelabels. One male paralectotypeat RMNH, labeled: Balzar Mts., Ecuador/ Janson coll. / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis bouvieriBourgoin, 1912: 127. Antoine (2001)designated the specimen in his Fig. 12(from the MNHN) as the lectotypefor this taxon which bears my earlier lectotypelabel. Antoine’s designation is the correct one since it was published first. Paragymnetis burmeisteri Schürhoff, 1937: 63. Lectotypefemale ( Fig. 13) at RMNH, labeled: St. Domingo, W. Indies; versoColl. Chevrolat, ex. Coll. Olivier / female symbol / Gymnetis similis Burm. Type, undataG. P. Type, Coll. Chevrolat, ex Coll. Olivier, teste Schaum / Museum Leiden, verz. F. T. Valck Lucassen (O. E. Janson) / Type/ Typeof undataG., Typeof similisB., teste Schaum / Gymnetis undata Ol./ Gymnetis similis Burm., Hand3, 296, undataG & P, Mon. 316, ID var OL., Sto. Domingo/ my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at ZSMC, labeled: P. au Prince, Haiti/ Paragymnetis burmeisteri, Type, female symbol, determ. Schürhoff, Berlin/ Sammlung Schürhoff / my red lectoallotype label. Paralectotypemale at ZSMC, labeled: P. au Prince, Haiti/ Paragymnetis burmeisterim., Type, male symbol / determ. Schürhoff, Berlin / Sammlung Schürhoff / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Paralectotypemale at ZSMC, labeled: Haiti/ Cotype / lanius / S. burmeisteri/ Sammlung Schürhoff / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Paralectotypefemale at ZSMC, labeled: P. au Prince, Haiti/ Cotype /Sammlung Schürhoff / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Burmeister (1842)redescribed G. similisand correctly attributed the name to Gory and Percheron (1833), whose species was described from Brazil. Labels on the Leiden lectotypeindicate that Schaum believed Burmeister “described” G. similisas new and that specimen represented the typesince it came from St. Domingoand was from the Chevrolat collection, the same place and collection alluded to in Burmeister’s redescription. Schürhoff (1937)recognized that the Burmeister description and specimen represented an unnamed species, and he provided a new name because G. similiswas already used by Gory and Percheron. The Leiden specimen, originating in the Chevrolat collection, is designated the lectotypebecause I have determined that it was the same one discussed by Burmeister.
Schürhoff’s (1937) P. burmeisterinarrative lacks a description but satisfies Article 13.1.2 of the Code by referring to Burmeister’s (1842) description. Thus, it is a valid name. Typespecimens become fixed at the time of description, which in this case is Schürhoff’s (1937) narrative. Accordingly, the four specimens available to Schürhoff and the specimen available to Burmeister from the Chevrolat collection become the syntypical series. This follows Article 72.4.1 of the Code that states the typeseries consists of all the specimens included by the author whether directly or by bibliographic reference.
Gymnetis callispilaBates, 1889: 357. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 14) at BMNH, labeled: N. Yucatan / Gaumer / BCA Figured / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at BMNH with same labels and with my red lectoallotype label. Male paralectotypeat MNHN with same locality label and with my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis chanchamayensis Pouillaude, 1913: 393. Lectotypefemale ( Fig. 15) at MNHN, labeled: La Merced Chanchamayo, Peru/ Reçu Nov. 1904/ female symbol / Type/ C. O. Schunke / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype male at MNHN with same labels and my red lectoallotype label. Gymnetis chontalensis Janson, 1875: 374. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 16) at RMNH, labeled: Chontales; versoE. M. Janson / Gymnetis chontalensis, male symbol, Jans.; versomale symbol, Type/ Gymnetis chontalensis, Type., O. Jans. / ( chontalensis Jans.) / Type/ Museum Leiden, verz. F. T. Valck Lucassen (O. E. Janson) / Gymnetis flaveolaF. / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Female lectoallotype at RMNH, labeled: Chontales; versoM. Janson / Type, female symbol; verso Gymnetis chontalensis S. Jans./ Type/ Museum Leiden, verz. F. T. Valck Lucassen (O. E. Janson) / Gymnetis flaveola/ my red lectoallotype label. Gymnetis colombiana Pouillaude, 1913: 281. Lectotypefemale ( Fig. 17) at MNHN, labeled: Cauca, Dist. De Pereira, Colombia/ 1886 / type/ Roman M. Valencia / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. The male paralectotypereferred to in the original description is unknown to me. Gymnetis coturnix Burmeister, 1842: 289. Lectotypefemale ( Fig. 18) at MLUH, labeled only with my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Paralectotypefemale at MLUH, without labels except for my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis difficilis Burmeister, 1842: 283. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 19) at MLUH, labeled only with my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. The female referred to in the original description is unknown to me. Gymnetis dysoni Schaum, 1848: 67. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 20) at MHNG, labeled only with my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Paralectotypemale at BMNH, labeled: Venezuela/ Type/ male symbol / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis ecuadoriensis Pouillaude, 1913: 374. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 21) at MNHN, labeled: Saladero, N. W. Ecuador, III01/ 350’ / Type/ my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Paralectotypemale at MNHN, labeled: Chimbo, 1st Semest. 1892 / M. de Mathan / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Cetonia flava Weber, 1801: 67. Lectotypefemale ( Fig. 22) at ZMHU, labeled: Cet. flava Weber, Brasil, Weber / 12663 / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Two paralectotypefemales at ZMHU, labeled: my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis limbolaniata Pouillaude, 1913: 371. Lectotypefemale ( Fig. 23) at MNHN, labeled: Brasilia/ Type/ female symbol / ex. Mus. van Lansberge / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Paralectotypefemale at MNHN, labeled: female symbol / ex. Mus. van Lansberge / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis mathani Pouillaude, 1913: 237. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 24) at MNHN, labeled: Ega / Type/ ex Museu H. W. Bates / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at MNHN, labeled: Teffe, Amazonas, 3rd Trimest. 1878 / Type/ M. de Mathan / my red lectoallotype label. Gymnetis meleagris Burmeister, 1842: 294. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 25) at MLUH, labeled: my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female and paralectotypefemale at MLUH with my red lectotypeand yellow paralectotypelabels, respectively. Gymnetis nigrina Bates, 1886: 356. Lectotypefemale ( Fig. 26) at BMNH, labeled: V. de Chiriqui / 4000’ / Champion / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Paralectotypefemale at MNHN, labeled: Chiriqui / Bates: Biol. C. A. / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis olivina Pouillaude, 1913: 393. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 27) at MNHN, labeled: Cananche, Cundinimarca / Nouvelle Granada/ 1st Sem. 1900 / Type/ M. de Mathan / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Paralectotypemale at MNHN, labeled: Canoas, Col / ex. Mus. Steinheil / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis poecila Schaum, 1848: 66. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 28) at MHNG, labeled: Mexico/ my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at MNHN, labeled: Mexico/ ex Museo Thorey / my red lectoallotype label. Two paralectotypemales at ZMHU, labeled: Mexico/ my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis punctipennis Burmeister, 1842: 565. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 29) at MLUH, labeled: my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at MLUH with my red lectoallotype label. One paralectotypemale and one paralectotypefemale at MLUH with my yellow paralectotypelabels. Gymnetis radiicollis Burmeister, 1847: 552. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 30) at MNHN, labeled: ex Museu Lansberge / coll. R. Oberthur / cotype / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at MNHN with same labels and my red lectoallotype label. Gymnetis ramulosa Bates, 1872(1869): 389. Lectotypefemale ( Fig. 31) at MNHN, labeled: Chontales / Type/ ex. Museo H. W. Bates. Lectotypehere designated. Bates’ original description referred to a male as well as a large series, but these other specimens are unknown to me. Paragymnetis rubrocincta Schürhoff, 1937: 63. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 32) at ZSMC, labeled: Amazonasgebeit, Goyas / Sammlung Schürhoff / Paragymnetis rubrocinctam., Type, male symbol, determ. Schürhoff, Berlin / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at ZSMC with same labels (except for female symbol instead of male symbol) and with my red lectoallotype label. One male and one female paralectotypeat ZSMC, each labeled: Amazonasgebeit, Goyas / Sammlung Schürhoff / cotype / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Burmeister (1842)redescribed G. pantherinaand correctly attributed the name to Blanchard (1842). Schürhoff (1937)recognized that the Burmeister description was different than Blanchard’s species and represented an undescribed species, and he provided a new name because G. pantherinawas already used by Blanchard. Schürhoff’s (1937) narrative lacks a description but satisfies Article 13.1.2 of the Code by referring to Burmeister’s (1842) description.
Typespecimens become fixed at the time of description, which in this case is Schürhoff’s (1937) narrative. Accordingly, the four specimens available to Schürhoff (now at ZSMC) are the syntypical series.
Cotinis salicisBates, 1889: 414. Lectotypefemale ( Fig. 33) at RMNH, labeled: MexicoCity / MexicoCity; versoex Coll. Bates / ex Museo H. W. Bates, 1892 / Museum Leiden, verz. F. T. Valck Lucassen (O. E. Janson) / Cotinis salicis Bates, cotype / type/ Gymnetis alboscripta Jans./ alboscripta Jans./ Gymnetis alboscripta Janson/ my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. I am designating this specimen a lectotypeeven though there are some slight discrepancies between Bates’ description in the Biologiaand the specimen at hand. Bates indicated the specimen he described was uniformly shiny black, with a strigulose pygidium, 20 mmin length, and a male. The specimen here designated is shiny black with reddish brown elytra (possibly teneral), is missing the entire abdomen (with a cotton plug instead), is also 20 mmin length, and is a female (tridentate foretibia as opposed to bidentate foretibia in a male). Although Bates described a male, the illustration on Plate 24 of the Biologiais of a female.
In the description, Bates did not state whether he had a single specimen or more. Describing a male but illustrating a female suggestshe may have had more than a single specimen, and one of the labels on the Leiden specimen does say “cotype.” I have not found other syntypesof Cotinis salicisat London or Paris where most of the Bates material resides. In view of all of the above, I believe it is best to fix the name by designating this specimen as the lectotypesince the other specimens in the typeseries were not located.
Gymnetis scheini Schürhoff, 1937: 62. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 34) at ZSMC, labeled: Mujo, Amazon. / Gymnetis scheinim., Type, male symbol, determ. Schürhoff, Berlin / Sammlung Schürhoff / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at ZSMC, labeled: Mujo, 9.1922 / Gymnetis scheinim., Type, female symbol, determ. Schürhoff, Berlin / Sammlung Schürhoff / my red lectoallotype label. In new species descriptions adjacent to that of G. scheini, Schürhoffused the terms “ type,” “allotype,” and " paratype." However, he failed to use these designations for G. scheini, thus necessitating a lectotypedesignation. Gymnetis vandepolliBates, 1889: 415. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 35) at BMNH, labeled: Bugaba, Panama/ B. C. A. Col. II (2) / Type/ Champion / my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Female lectoallotype labeled: Chontales, Nicaragua/ B. C. A. Col. II (2) / T. Belt / my red lectoallotype label. One male paralectotypeat BMNH labeled Chontales, Nicaragua/ B. C. A. Col. II (2) / T. Belt / my yellow paralectotypelabel. Gymnetis variabilis Moser, 1921: 183. Lectotypemale at ZMHU, labeled: Huanuco, Peru/ my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at ZMHU, labeled: Huanuco, Peruand with my red lectoallotype label. Two male paralectotypesat ZMHU, labeled Huanuco, Peruand with my yellow paralectotypelabels. Gymnetis zikani Moser, 1921: 183. Lectotypemale ( Fig. 36) at ZMHU, labeled: Amazonasgebeit, Alta Mira, Rio Xingu, Para / Gymnetis zikani Mos., Type/ my red lectotypelabel. Lectotypehere designated. Lectoallotype female at FIOC, labeled: Ponte Nova, Rio Xingu / Cotype / Coleção J. F. Zikan / my red lectoallotype label.