Ridley & Dendy, 1886 : 484
Ridley & Dendy 1887 : 195
Hooper 2002a : 494
Sponges of the Guyana Shelf
Van, Rob W. M.
Zootaxa
2017
1
1
225
Ridley & Dendy, 1886
Ridley & Dendy
1886
[151,752,222,248]
Demospongiae
Raspailiidae
Thrinacophora
Animalia
Poecilosclerida
63
64
Porifera
species
funiformis
Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 484; Ridley & Dendy 1887: 195, pl. XIII fig. 1, pl. XXIV fig. 1; Hooper 2002a: 494, fig. 14 (redescription of holotype); Muricy et al.2011: 150 (with further Brazilan records).
Material examined. RMNHPor. 9312, 9810, 9847, Suriname, ‘ Luymes O.C.P.S.II’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station I121, 6.4717°N 55.0033°W, depth 33 m, triangular dredge, 25 April 1969; RMNHPor. 9323, 9370, Guyana, ‘Luymes’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station 107, 7.7°N 57.5°W, depth 65 m, muddy sand bottom with shells, 5 September 1970; RMNHPor. 9356, Guyana, ‘Luymes’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station 96, 6.8667°N 57.5167°W, depth 23 m, muddy sand and shells, 3 September 1970; RMNHPor. 9767, Guyana, ‘Luymes’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station 95, 6.9°N 57.5°W, depth 23–24 m, mixed hard bottom, 3 September 1970; RMNHPor. 9808, Suriname, ‘Luymes’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station 5, 6.6°N 53.55°W, depth 44 m, trawl, bottom calcareous sand, 24 August 1970; RMNHPor. 9829, Guyana, ‘Luymes’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station 94, 6.9333°N 57.5°W, depth 26 m, bottom muddy sand and shells, 2 September 1970; RMNHPor. 9832, Guyana, ‘Luymes’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station 87, 7.5667°N 57.2667°W, depth 59 m, bottom sand and shells, 2 September 1970; RMNHPor. 9881, Suriname, ‘ Snellius O.C.P.S.’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station G56, 7.26°N 56.6667°W, depth 67–68 m, Agassiz trawl, 10 May 1966; RMNHPor. 9945, Guyana, ‘Luymes’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station 63, 7.5833°N 57.0667°W, depth 71 m, sandy bottom, 31 August 1970; RMNHPor. 9971, Suriname, ‘ Snellius O.C.P.S.’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station F38, 7.23°N 56.4067°W, depth 81 m, 5 May 1966.
Description.( Figs 41a,a1) Strongly conulose branches, longest among the numerous collected specimens was 86 cm. Branches may be single, but usually have longer or shorter side branches in a low frequency. Thickness around 1 cm, with conules making up about half or more of that. Color in alcohol various shades of dark red to brown. Consistency firm. Skeleton.An axially condensed reticulation of oxeas and styles, with the latter in ascending tracts and the oxeas interconnecting. Extra-axial skeleton consisting of single styles surrounded by bundles of thin crooked ‘cladostyles’, 80–100 µm in diameter, forming the characteristic conical surface projections. Spicules.( Figs 41b–e) Long styles, oxeas, ‘cladostyles’, trichodragmas. Long styles ( Figs 41b,b1) of the conules and ectosomal region, smooth, slightly curved, about equidiametrical over much of the length, 538– 992– 1398 x 16– 25.1–32 µm. Oxeas ( Figs 41c,c1), curved, gradually or abruptly, sharply pointed, 324– 406–482 x 13– 19.7–23 µm. ‘Cladostyles’ of the conules ( Figs 41d,d1), thin, crooked or sinuous, equidiametrical, the opposite end of the normal rounded head end transformed to a multipronged apex ( Fig. 41d1), 267– 370–439 x 3.5– 5.2–7 µm. Raphides in trichodragmas ( Figs 41e,e1), 105– 118–129 x 7– 8.4–10 µm.
Distribution and ecology. GuyanaShelf, NE Brazil, sandy bottom at 12–81 mdepth ( GuyanaShelf 23–81 m).
Remarks.The present specimens conform closely to Ridley & Dendy’s description, including the peculiar ectosomal ‘cladostyles’ (sinuous styles with pronged apices). A second Central West Atlantic species is Thrinacophora spinosa Wilson, 1902(p. 400), which is also quite similar in most aspects but lacks the pronged endings of the ectosomal styles. This latter feature is confirmed from examination of slides of the holotype USNM 7686. One further difference is the lesser thickness of the oxeas in T. spinosa(250–300 x 6–10µm).
1424726421
1969-04-25
RMNH
Luymes O. C. P. S.
Suriname
33
6.4717
Suriname
7
-55.0033
63
64
1
1424726420
1970-09-05
RMNH
Guyana
65
7.7
Guyana
7821
-57.5
63
64
1
1424726415
1970-09-03
RMNH
Guyana
23
6.8667
Guyana
7
-57.5167
63
64
1
1424726399
1970-09-03
RMNH
Guyana
24
6.9
Guyana
7828
-57.5
63
64
1
1424726405
1970-08-24
RMNH
Suriname
44
6.6
Suriname
5582
-53.55
63
64
1
1424726427
1970-09-02
RMNH
Guyana
26
6.9333
Guyana
5514
-57.5
63
64
1
1424726436
1970-09-02
RMNH
Guyana
59
7.5667
Guyana
7
-57.2667
63
64
1
1424726430
1966-05-10
RMNH
Snellius O. C. P. S.
Suriname
68
7.26
Suriname
555
-56.6667
63
64
1
1424726441
1970-08-31
RMNH
Guyana
71
7.5833
Guyana
7
-57.0667
63
64
1
1424726432
1966-05-05
RMNH
Snellius O. C. P. S.
Suriname
81
7.23
Suriname
555
-56.4067
63
64
1