Amphoriscus A. oviparus ( Haeckel, 1872 ) Sycaltis ovipara A. testiparus ( Haeckel, 1872 ) Sycaltis testipara A. oviparus Sponges of the Guyana Shelf Van, Rob W. M. Zootaxa 2017 1 1 225 66HCM [151,403,1516,1542] Calcarea Amphoriscidae Amphoriscus Animalia Leucosolenida 200 201 Porifera species ancora sp. nov.     Materialexamined. Holotype RMNHPor. 9741, Suriname, ‘Luymes’ GuyanaShelf Expedition, station 43, 6.5167°N 53.9333°W, depth  35 m, Agassiztrawl, bottom shell gravel,  28 August 1970.   Description.( Fig. 128a) Thin flattened oval tube, length 18 mmhigh, 4 mmin greatest diameter. Oscule naked, with two short root-like holdfasts. Color (in alcohol) dirty white to pale beige.  Skeleton.( Figs 128b–d) Inarticulate, with choanosomal skeleton made up of the apical actines of the cortical tetractines and the unpaired actines of subatrial triactines. Noscattered spicules in the choanosome. In cross section ( Fig. 128b) from ectosome to atrium, there are successively the cortical skeleton ( Fig. 128c) consisting of the paired and unpaired actines of large tetractines, choanosomal skeleton ( Fig. 128d) consisting of the apical actines of the cortical tetractines and the unpaired actines of the subatrial triactines, paired actines of the subatrial triactines, and the atrial skeleton consisting of small atrial tetractines, with their apical actines protruding in the atrial cavity. The root skeleton consists of a bundled mixture of thin diactines and peculiar curved anchoring triactines.   FIGURE 127.  Leucosolenia salpinx  sp. nov., a–e, SEM images of the spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9743, a, sagittal triactine with very long unpaired actine of the tube walls, a1, detail of a, b–b1, triactines with variable unpaired actine length, c,–c1, tetractines, c2, detail of c, d, long diactine, d1, faintly spined ending of d, e, short spined diactine, e1, detail of e.  Spicules.( Figs 129a–e) Tetractines, triactines, anchoring triactines, diactines. Tetractines divisible in (1) larger cortical tetractines ( Figs 129a), with apical actines as long or longer than the basal actines, sizes: unpaired actines, 151– 216–330 x 12– 16.1–21 µm, paired actines 135– 239–320 x 8– 15.4–21 µm, apical actines 258– 311–366 x 8– 17.8–20 µm, and (2) smaller atrial tetractines ( Figs 129b) tending to be sagittal, with shorter apical actines, sizes: unpaired actines 42– 87–186 x 3– 8.6–12 µm, paired actines 57– 99–165 x 3– 7.7–11 µm, apical actines 9– 26– 60 x 3–5.3–15 µm. Subatrial triactines ( Figs 129c), in a large size range but less diverse and not readily divisible in categories, paired actines may be slightly wavy, unpaired actines 201– 367–468 x 7– 10.1–12 µm, paired actines 129– 218–324 x 7– 8.6–10.5 µm.   FIGURE 128.  Amphoriscus ancora  sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9741 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview of skeleton, c, cortical skeleton, d, inarticulate choanosomal skeleton. Anchoring triactines ( Figs 129d,d1) from the roots, with characteristically curved unpaired actine and beaklike paired actines, in a large size range, unpaired actines 96– 386–660 x 7– 8.6–10 µm, paired actines 18– 24.8– 29 x 5–6.8–9 µm. Diactines ( Figs 129e,e1) from the roots, long and thin, 600–1 0 17– 1230 x 3– 4.2–6.5 µm.   Distribution and ecology. GuyanaShelf, gravel bottom at 35 mdepth.   Etymology. Ancora(Gr., latinized, a female noun) meaning anchor, referring to the shape and function of the beak-like root spicules.   Remarks.The new species shares its anchoring spicules with those of the Brazilian species  Syculmis  synapta Haeckel, 1872, assigned to  Amphoriscusby Borojevic et al.2002b(p. 1178). This species is close to the new species, both geographically and morphologically. It differs by having the anchoring spicules all consisting of tetractines (the beak-like part of the spicule has three actines instead of two as in the new species), by the apparent entire lack of triactines (their subatrial position is taken up by tetractines in  A. syculmis), and by the possession of a prominent apical fringe of long thin diactines. Despite the morphological similarity these differences merit recognition at the species level. Further close, but more dissimilar, species are Caribbean  A. amphora( Haeckel, 1872)(as  Leucilla) and Venezuelan  A. urna Haeckel, 1872. The shape of  A. amphorais similar to that of the new species, but there is no report of anchoring root spicules, and like  A. synaptathe subatrial spicules are tetractines, not triactines, nor are there any other triactines. The shape of  A. urnais more globular, but in other aspects of skeleton and spiculation it is similar to  A. amphora.  Other  Amphoriscusspecies of the region are: Floridian  A. oviparus( Haeckel, 1872)(as  Sycaltis ovipara) has small cortical triactines overlying the subcortical tetractines, lacking subatrial triactines (but having subatrial tetractines) and lacking root spicules. Cuban  A. testiparus( Haeckel, 1872)(as  Sycaltis testipara) is similar to  A. oviparus(so possesses cortical triactines and subatrial tetractines) but forms groups of tubes. 1424726478 1970-08-28 RMNH Suriname 35 6.5167 Material 7 -53.9333 Agassiz 200 201 1 holotype