Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Laudakia nupta nupta (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran with Descriptions of Two New Species (Oxyuridea: Pharyngodonidae) and comments on the diagnostic features of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros Rahimian, Hassan Pazoki, Samaneh Habashi, Sima Abbasi Zootaxa 2014 3852 1 51 82 [151,439,546,572] Secernentea Pharyngodonidae Thelandros GBIF Animalia Oxyurida 6 57 Nematoda species karkasensis sp. nov.   Male(based on holotypeand 9 paratypes; mean ± SD [range]): Three cuticular flaps just inside buccal cavity. Body length 2.89 ± 0.62 mm( 2.24–3.65 mm), width at level of excretory pore 168 ± 29 (137–225). Cuticlar annulations, approximately 10 µm wide at mid-body. Oesophageal corpus 768 ± 71 (690–907) long; isthmus 37 ± 6 (25–43); bulb 93 ± 10 (79–108) long, 102 ± 13 (77–124) wide. Nerve ring and excretory pore 172 ± 20 (138–205) and 1083 ± 123 (940–1253), from anterior end, respectively. Three pairs of caudal papillae: anterior pair ventrolateral, just anterior to cloaca, rod-shaped ( Fig. 7B, C); adcloacal pair flask-shaped, lateral ( Fig. 7B); third pair, small rod-shaped, well separated from each other ( Fig. 7A), 58 ± 7 (49–74) from tip of tail filament. Pre- and adcloacal papillae pedunculate. Caudal alae extend from base of adcloacal peduncle to posterior to last pair of caudal papillae. Anterior cloacal lip deeply divided into 4 sharply pointed lobes, some of which are further subdivided into 2 short lobes ( Fig. 7B); posterior cloacal lip bi-lobed. Spicule 69 ± 3 (64–76) long, straight, sharply pointed. Tail filament 89 ± 9 (73–103) long, terminal and directed posteriorly.  Female(based on allotype and 9 paratypes; mean ± SD [range]): Length 3.66 ± 0.53 mm( 3.20–4.70 mm), width 198.57 ± 37 (166–278) at level of vulva. Cephalic extremity with 6 prominent triangular lips ( Fig. 5D). Cuticle with annulations, each approximately 11 µm wide. Oesophageal corpus 1133 ± 92.49 (989–1280); isthmus 41 ± 5 (34–48); bulb 120 ± 8 (110–135) long, 146 ± 8 (134–164) wide. Nerve ring, excretory pore and vulva 181 ± 17 (162–220), 1.45 ± 0.21 mm( 1.33–1.99 mm) and 3.03 ± 0.45 mm( 2.66–4.03 mm), respectively, from anterior end. Reproductive structures confined to body cavity between bulb and anus; vulva posterior, near anus, with prominent prevulvar swelling and small swelling between it and vulva slit ( Fig. 7F). Body with conical termination; anus 162 ± 19 (129–185) from posterior extremity. Eggs oval, 99 ± 6 (90–108) long, 59 ± 4 (54–64) wide, slightly flattened on one side, with terminal operculum.