Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944: 300 Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae) Freyhof, Jörg Bayçelebi, Esra Geiger, Matthias Zootaxa 2018 2018-12-21 4535 1 1 75 WK2Y Battalgazi, 1944 Battalgazi 1944 [151,557,1663,1689] Actinopterygii Cobitidae Cobitis GBIF Animalia Cypriniformes 24 25 Chordata species phrygica  ( Fig. 19)    Cobitis phrygicaBattalgazi, 1944: 300, fig. 1 ( typelocality: Turkey: prov.: Afyonkarahisar, Aci Göl [Lake Acigöl, 37.816 29.883]).   Material examined.  FSJF 2013, 9,  56–79mmSL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: stream north of Bucakat main road to Burdur, 37.512 30.541.—  FSJF 2375, 26,  59–119mmSL; Turkey: Muğlaprov.: stream Eşen at Kınık Fethiye, 36.827 29.560.—  FSJF 2468, 22,  58–80mmSL; Turkey: Denizli prov.: spring east of Gemişat southern shore of Lake Acı, 37.773 29.845.—  FSJF 2572, 15,  46–94mmSL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: spring Kırkpınar south of Karamusa, south of Tefenni, 37.184 29.756.—  FSJF 2584, 3,  72–96mmSL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: stream north of Gölhisarat Çamköy bridge, 37.244 29.529.—  FSJF 3199, 8,  55–74mmSL; Turkey: Burdurprov.: stream Salda at Salda, 37.522 29.638.  Material used in molecular genetic analysis.  FSJF DNA 59;  Turkey: Muğlaprov.: stream Sekiat Kınık Fethiye, 36.827 29.560. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ552867, KJ552954).—  FSJF DNA-979;  Turkey: Denizliprov.: spring east of Gemişat southern shore of Lake Acı, 37.773, 29.845. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ552845, KJ552900, KJ553165).—  FSJF DNA-1565;  Turkey: Burdurprov.: stream Saldaat Salda, 37.522N 29.638E. ( BOLDaccession numbers: BOLD EUFWF2537-18, EUFWF2538-18).—  FSJF DNA-1083;  Turkey: Burdurprov.: stream north of Gölhisarat Çamköybridge, 37.244 29.529. ( BOLDaccession number: EUFWF4377-18).—  FSJF DNA-1565;  Turkey: Burdurprov.: stream Saldaat Salda, 37.522 29.638. ( BOLDaccession number: EUFWF2538-18).—  FSJF DNA-2832;  Turkey: Muğlaprov.: Eşen Riverabout 1 kmwest of Kınık, 36.825 29.562. ( BOLDaccession number: EUFWF2725-18).   Diagnosis. Cobitis  phrygicacan be distinguished from other  Cobitisspecies in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin and the endorheic basins in Central Anatoliaby a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is superficially very similar to  C. battalgilaeand both species show a large and overlapping variability of colour patterns within and between populations.  Cobitis phrygicais distinguished from  C. battalgilaeby lacking the black spot at the upper caudal-fin base (vs. present, often very small and comma-shaped), the anterior nare not reaching to the hint margin of the posterior nare when folded down (vs. reaching), having a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. bifurcate), a shorter caudal peduncle (11–14% SL vs. 14–16) and a smaller eye diameter in the male (14–15% HL vs. 16–20). Based on DNA barcodes both species differ by a minimum of 5.8% K2P distance.   Cobitis phrygicais distinguished from  C. dorademiriand  C. levantinaby having a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. bifurcate), the flank pattern often completely or partly dissociated into small spots or irregularly-shaped blotches often reaching much below the lateral midline (vs. flank pattern usually organised in Gambetta zones and Z4 not dissociated in  C. levantinaor rarely dissociated into a field of spots and blotches in  C. dorademiri), having a narrower caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 0.7–0.9 times in caudal-peduncle length vs. 1.0– 1.2 in  C. dorademiri), lacking the black spot at the upper caudal-fin base (vs. present in  C. levantina) and the blotches in Z4 often fused or very densely set in individuals smaller than 50 mmSL (vs. well separated in  C. levantina).    Cobitis phrygicais distinguished from  C. evreniby the blotches in Z4 or all Gambetta zones dissociated into spots and blotches in many individuals or formed by a series of midlateral blotches (vs. fused into a stripe anterior to the vertical of the anal-fin origin).  Cobitis phrygicais distinguished from  C. bilselifrom Lake Beyşehir basin as well as from  C. fahireaefrom the AegeanSea basin by having two laminae circularis in the male (vs. one).   Distribution.  Cobitis phrygicais widespread in Central Anatolia, where it occurs in the basins of the Lakes Acı, Burdur, Salda and Sögüt and in the Aksu, an endorheic stream north of Bucak.  Cobitis phrygicais also found in the Eşen River and the upper Dalaman River drainages, which flow to the southernmost Aegean Sea basin.   Remarks.Molecular data shown in Fig. 1and by Geiger et al.(2014)place  Cobitis phrygicain the  C. simplicispinaspecies group (  C. battalgilae,  C. bilseli,  C. dorademiri,  C. joergbohleni,  C. pirii,  C. simplicispina,  C. sipahilerae,  C. turcica). Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included  Cobitisand by a minimum K2P distance of 3.5% to  C. dorademiri, also supported as PTP and mPTP entity. The colour pattern in  C. phrygicais very variable within and between populations, making this species very difficult to characterize. Some individuals have the flank pattern well organised in the Gambetta zones (e.g.,  C. simplicispinaand  C. battalgilae) while in others, the flank is covered by small spots similar to  C. turcica. We found also all kinds of intermediate colour patterns between individuals with well-organised Gambetta zones and others with Gambetta zones completely dissociated. While the simple suborbital spine distinguishes  C. phrygicafrom the species discussed above, this character state is also found in  C. joergbohleniand  C. piriidescribed below, while in  C. turcicasome individuals have a simple and others have a bifurcate suborbital spine, the outer spine being very small in some  C. turcica. In extreme cases and based on current knowledge, only molecular characters will allow the distinguishing of  Cobitis phrygica. See below for details to distinguish  C. phrygicafrom  C. simplicispina,  C. sipahilerae,  C. turcica, and  C. piriiand in other  Cobitisspecies found in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin. 2120485383 [394,917,1867,1892] FSJF Turkey Burdur 24 25 FSJF 2013, 9, 56-79 1 Burdur 2120484895 Turkey Bucak 24 25 1 Burdur 2120487113 [444,1004,1903,1928] FSJF Turkey Mugla 24 25 FSJF 2375, 26, 59-119 1 Mugla 2120485958 [347,887,1939,1964] FSJF Turkey Denizli 24 25 FSJF 2468, 22, 58-80 1 Denizli 2120486925 Turkey Lake Aci Gemis 24 25 1 Denizli 2120485765 [480,1045,1975,2000] FSJF Turkey Burdur 24 25 FSJF 2572, 15, 46-94 1 Burdur 2120487705 Turkey Tefenni Karamusa 24 25 1 Burdur 2120487213 [671,1185,2011,2036] FSJF Turkey Burdur 24 25 FSJF 2584, 3, 72-96 1 Burdur 2120486056 Turkey 25 26 Golhisar 24 25 1 Burdur 2120486357 [667,1184,151,176] FSJF Turkey Burdur 25 26 FSJF 3199, 8, 55-74 1 Burdur 2120485867 [751,922,223,248] FSJF 25 26 DNA 59 1 2120485382 Turkey Kinik Fethiye Seki 25 26 1 Mugla 2120487312 [1065,1246,260,284] FSJF Turkey 25 26 DNA-979 1 Mugla 2120485671 Turkey Lake Aci Gemis 25 26 1 Denizli 2120485097 [579,779,332,357] FSJF Turkey 25 26 DNA-1565 1 Denizli 2120485283 BOLD Turkey 37.522 Salda 70 29.638 Salda 25 26 EUFWF2537-18, EUFWF2538-18 1 Burdur 2120485672 [1131,1331,368,392] FSJF Turkey true 37.522 Salda 70 29.638 Salda 25 26 DNA-1083 1 Burdur 2120485198 BOLD Turkey Camkoy Golhisar 25 26 EUFWF4377-18 1 Burdur 2120486727 [381,581,439,464] FSJF Turkey true Camkoy Golhisar 25 26 DNA-1565 1 Burdur 2120487708 BOLD Turkey Salda Salda 25 26 EUFWF2538-18 1 Burdur 2120487707 [605,802,476,500] FSJF Turkey true Salda Salda 25 26 DNA-2832 1 Burdur 2120485771 BOLD Turkey Kinik Esen River 25 26 EUFWF2725-18 1 Mugla