Băcescu, 1962b : 436 Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae) Freyhof, Jörg Bayçelebi, Esra Geiger, Matthias Zootaxa 2018 2018-12-21 4535 1 1 75 Bacescu, 1962 Bacescu 1962 [151,551,1139,1165] Actinopterygii Cobitidae Cobitis GBIF Animalia Cypriniformes 10 11 Chordata species battalgilae  ( Fig. 5–6)     Cobitis battalgilae  Băcescu, 1962b: 436, 437, fig. 1B ( typelocality: Turkey: Beyşehir Lake).   Material examined.  ZMH 4744, lectotype, 69 mmSL;  ZMH 4745, 3,  52–93mmSL; Turkey: Beyşehir Lake.—  FSJF 2308, 1,  73mmSL;  FSJF 2600, 14,  56–137mmSL; Turkey: Konyaprov.: spring Eflatun Pınarıabout 4 kmwest of Sadıkhacı, 37.825 31.674.—  FSJF 2524, 19,  53–92mmSL; Turkey: Ispartaprov.: stream Çeltekabout 9 kmsouth of Şarkikaraağac, 38.012 31.315.—  FSJF 3117, 4,  66–103mmSL; Turkey: Antalyaprov.: Manavgat Riverbelow Oymapınardam, 36.896 31.527.  Material used in molecular genetic analysis.  FSJF DNA-1108; Turkey: Konyaprov.: spring Eflatun Pınarıabout 4 kmwest of Sadıkhacı, 37.825 31.674. (GenBank accession numbers:  KJ552817,  KJ552902).—  FSJF DNA- 1082; Turkey: Ispartaprov.: stream Çeltekabout 9 kmsouth of Şarkikaraağac, 38.012 31.315. (GenBank accession numbers:  KJ553142, KJ552914,  KJ552834).—  FSJF DNA-1657; Turkey: Antalyaprov.: Manavgat Riverbelow Oymapınardam, 36.896 31.527. (GenBank accession numbers:  KJ553119,  KJ552796).   Diagnosis. Cobitis  battalgilaeis distinguished from other  Cobitisspecies in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin and the endorheic basins in Central Anatoliaby a combination of characters, none of them unique. Female  C. battalgilaelarger than 90 mmSL are distinguished from female  C. simplicispinaof the same size by the blotches in Z4 being usually dissociated, often forming a band or an open field of small, irregularly-shaped blotches and spots (vs. blotches in Z4 not dissociated, often fused, forming short or longer stripes) and the blotches in Z 4 inthe male  C. battalgilaenot forming stripes (vs. usually fused into a short or longer stripe).   Distribution. Cobitis  battalgilaeis found in the Lake Beyşehir basin, where it was found in the stream Çeltek in the very north and in the spring Eflatun Pınarı in the east of Lake Beyşehir (and maybe elsewhere). It is also found below the Apa Reservoir ( Perdices et. al.2018), in the river that flows out of Lake Suğla and ends in the Konyaplains, as well as in the Manavgat River that flows to the Gulf of Antalya.   Remarks.The distribution area of  C. battalgilaereflects well the hydrological connections of Lake Beyşehir, which seasonally flow over to Lake Suğla from which parts of the water flows to the Konyaplain and parts of the water flow into the Limestone Mountains supporting springs in the Manavgat River drainage through underground connections. Beside  C. battalgilae, other species known from the Lake Beyşehir basin occur in the Manavgat River drainage as  Pseudophoxinus battalgilae,  Squalius anatolicusand  Oxynoemacheilus attili. On the other hand, most species known from Lake Beyşehir as  Cobitis bilseli,  Capoeta maurici,  Garra kemali,  Pseudophoxinus anatolicus,  P. hettitorum,  Chondrostoma beyshehirense,  Aphaniuscf. iconiiand others have never been found in the Manavgat River drainage. The colour pattern in  Cobitisis an important complex of characters useful to identify species. The colour pattern is especially variable within the populations of  C. battalgilae. Some individuals, usually males smaller than 70 mmSL, lack the pigmentation in Z3 and there is one series of squarish blotches in Z4. Other individuals have the Z3 partly or fully pigmented and the blotches in Z4 are vertically elongate, often small and densely set or some or all blotches in Z4 are divided in 2 or more elements resulting in a colour pattern of two rows of blotches (similar to  C. pirii, see below). In other individuals, Z4 is dissociated into a band of small, irregularly-shaped blotches and spots or the spots and blotches are dispersed on the flank forming an open field of blotches and spots. This large variability in the colour pattern in  C. battalgilaemakes it very difficult to identify this species, especially if only few individuals are available. Molecular characters help in this and other cases.  Băcescu (1962:436)described  C battalgilaein a footnote: "C'est là l'espèce la plus répandue, semble-t-il de toute l' Anatolie ( C. simplicispina); grâce au matériel aimablement mis à notre disposition par MM. les Professeurs Curt Kosswig (Zool. Inst. u. Museum, Hambourg) et E. Tortonese (Musee Giace. Doria, Genes), nous avons pu établir sa présence dans les lacs: Beysechir ( 2.4.1953) en compagnie de  C. battalgilae n. sp.( Fig. 1, B); Gölhisar ( 7.9.1957); Tüz-Gölü et Cihanbeyli ( 2.8.1951). etc.; nous y reviendrons, dans une étude spéciale sur les,  Cobitisd'Anatolie[This is the most widespread species, it seems, of all Anatolia(  C. simplicispina); thanks to the material (…), we were able to establish its presence in the lakes: Beyşehir ( 2.4.1953) together with  C. battalgilae n. sp.( Fig. 1, B); Gölhisar ( 7.9.1957); Tüz-Gölü and Cihanbeyli ( 2.8.1951). etc.; we will come back to this in a special study on Anatolian  Cobitis.]. Basically, Băcescu (1962)describes the distribution of  C. simplicispinaand just mentions, that it occurs together with  C. battalgilaein Lake Beyşehir. Itis clear, that Băcescu (1962)reported  C. battalgilaefrom Lake Beyşehir and he reports  C. simplicispinaalso from Lakes Gölhisar and Tuz and from Cihanbeyli, but did not mention  C. battalgilaefrom there. However, the caption of Fig. 1Bsays the figured specimen is  C. battalgilaefrom Gölhisar. This may mean that he really had material of his  C. battalgilaefrom both Beyşehir and Gölhisar, or that he messed the data. Wilkens & Dohse (1993)list four syntypes(ZMH 4745) and a holotype(ZMH 4744) of  C. battalgilaefrom Beyşehir and other syntypesmight exist elsewhere, as Erk'akan et al.(1999:21) list MINB (uncat) as a paratypeof  C. battalgilaefrom Gölhisar. The specimen mentioned as holotypeby Wilkens & Dohse (1993)in fact is a syntype, since Băcescu (1962)did not designate a holotype. Subsequently listing a specimen as " holotype" does not make it a holotype. In addition, listing it erroneously as " holotype" does not constitute a lectotypedesignation ( ICZN 1999: Article 74.5). However, a lectotypedesignation is needed as two species are involved. These are populations from Lake Beyşehir, to which the syntypesin ZMH belong to and the species in Gölhisar, which we identify as  C. phrygica. To clear the situation, we designate ZMH 4744 ( Fig. 5) as lectotype. This is the individual already selected as ‘holotype’ by Wilkens & Dohse (1993). This nomenclatural act stabilises the application of the name to Lake Beyşehir population.   FIGURE 5.  Cobitis battalgilae, ZMH 4744, lectotype, 69 mm SL; Turkey: Beyşehir Lake.   FIGURE 6.  Cobitis battalgilae, FSJF 2600, male, 67 mm SL; male, 68 mm SL; female, 135 mm SL; Turkey: spring Eflatun Pınarı; FSJF 3117, female, 98 mm SL; Turkey: Manavgat River.  Băcescu (1962)described the species as  Cobitis battalgili. As Fahire Battalgil was a woman, the name should have been formed as  C. battalgilae( ICZN 1999: Article 31.1.2.). This incorrect original spelling of an inadvertent error has to be corrected ( ICZN 1999: Article 32.5.) and therefore, we use  C. battalgilaeas the name of the species. Molecular data shown in Fig. 1confirmed previous phylogenetic relationships ( Geiger et al.(2014)and Perdices et al. (2018)and place  C. battalgilaein the  C. simplicispinaspecies group (  C. battalgilae,  C. bilseli,  C. dorademiri,  C. joergbohleni,  C. phrygica,  C. pirii,  C. simplicispina,  C. sipahilerae,  C. turcica). Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included  Cobitisand by a minimum K2P distance of 1.2% to  C. turcica.  Cobitis battalgilaegroups with the latter species in the PTP grouping and with even more species based on the mPTP results. This situation was not observed in the molecular study by Perdices et al.(2018). See below for details to distinguish  C. battalgilaefrom other species in the  C. simplicispinaspecies group and other  Cobitisspecies found in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin. 2120486360 [394,778,1312,1337] ZMH 10 11 ZMH 4744 1 lectotype 2120486361 [791,1401,1312,1337] ZMH Turkey Beysehir Lake 10 11 ZMH 4745, 3, 52-93 1 lectotype 2120486825 [151,437,1349,1373] FSJF Turkey 10 11 FSJF 2308, 1, 73 1 lectotype 2120486358 FSJF Turkey Sadikhaci Eflatun Pinari 10 11 FSJF 2600, 14, 56-137 1 Konya lectotype 2120485675 FSJF Turkey Sarkikaraagac Celtek 10 11 FSJF 2524, 19, 53-92 1 Isparta lectotype 2120485099 FSJF Turkey Oymapinar Manavgat River 10 11 FSJF 3117, 4, 66-103 1 Antalya lectotype 2120485486 FSJF, KJ Turkey Sadikhaci Eflatun Pinari 10 11 DNA-1108 1 Konya 2120487710 FSJF, KJ Turkey Sarkikaraagac Celtek 10 11 DNA- 1082 1 Isparta 2120485677 FSJF, KJ Turkey Oymapinar Manavgat River 10 11 DNA-1657 1 Antalya