Aphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae) species living on Baccharis (Asteraceae) in southern South America, with description of three new species Nafría, Juan Manuel Nieto Ortego, Jaime Brown, Paul A. López Ciruelos, Sara I. Durante, M. Pilar Mier Zootaxa 2019 2019-08-13 4656 1 153 167 Nieto Nafria & Brown Nafría & Ortego & Brown & López Ciruelos & Durante 2019 [151,749,1268,1296] Insecta Aphididae Aphis Animalia Aphidomorpha 2 155 Arthropoda species ingeborgae sp. nov. Aphis  ( Fig. 1; Table 1)   Types.  Holotype: apterous viviparous female( specimennumber 7 of Hille RisLambers’s sample 930, mounted with three paratypes):  CHILE, Araucanía, Mallecoprov., Angol(approx. 37º 46’ S, 72º 41’ W,  70 m),  26-November-1974, on   Baccharislinearis( Hille Ris Lambers leg.), Natural History Museum, Londoncollection.  Paratypes: 853 apterous viviparous females[apt] and 81 alate viviparous females[al], Natural History Museum, Londonand Universidad de Leóncollections. CHILE, Araucanía, same data as the holotype(12 apt, 18 al);  Cautínprov., Molco( 39º 19’ S, 72º 06’ W,  320 m), on   Baccharislinearis,  7-March-2004, Ortego leg.(39 apt, 2 al);  Cautínprov., Pucón( 39º 17’ S, 71º 57’ W,  250 m),  7-March-2004, on   Baccharislinearis, Ortego leg.(66 apt);  Mallecoprov.,  10 kmW. of Angol,  450 mon the label (perhaps 37º 49’ S, 72º 46’ W),  26-November-1974, on   Baccharis sp., Hille Ris Lambers leg.(23 apt, 11 al); same locality, and date, on   Baccharis sp., Hille Ris Lambers leg. (1 al). CHILE, Biobío: Biobío prov., Antuco( 37º 19’ S, 71º 39’ W,  570 m),  16-February-2016, on   Baccharislinearis(185 apt);  Biobíoprov, Antuco to Laguna La Lajaroad ( 37º 22’ S, 71º 29’ W,  940 m),  16-February-2016, on   Baccharislinearis(165 apt);  Biobíoprov,  65 kmS of Chillánon the label (perhaps Cabrero, 37º 07’ S, 72º 22’ W,  140 m),  25-November-1974, on   Baccharis sp., Hille Ris Lambers leg. (3 apt, 1 al).  CHILE, Los Lagos, Chiloéprov., Chonchi at Lago Huillinco( 42º40’ S, 73º 53’ W,  10 m),  24-November-1974on   Baccharis sp., Hille Ris Lambers leg. (14 apt, 2 al).  CHILE, Maule: Talca prov. La Mina( 35º 48’ S, 70º 51’ W,  840 m),  30-January-2016, on   Baccharislinearis(128 apt, 4 al); Talca prov., road to Paso Pehuenche bridge “ Maulen.º 2” ( 35º 42’ S, 71º 04’ W,  550 m),  30-January-2016, on   Baccharis sp.(3 apt); Talca prov., road to Paso Pehuenche at  1210 m( 35º 51’ S, 70º 41’ W),  30-January-2016, on   Baccharislinearis, (4 apt); Talca prov., San Clemente ( 35º 32’ S, 71º 28’ W,  215m),  2-February-2000on   Baccharis sp.(117 apt, 6 al);  Talcaprov., San Javier( 35º 34’ S, 71º 42’ W,  110m),  1-February-2000, on   Baccharis sp.(92 apt, 32 al).  CHILE, SantiagoMetropolitana, Chacabuco prov., Colina ( 33º 11’ S, 70º 37’ W,  780 m),  12-March-2004, on   Baccharis sp., Ortego leg. (2 apt, 4 al) .  Etymology. The specific epithet  ingeborgaeis the name suggested by D. Hille Ris Lambers to dedicate the species to Ingeborg Rosenbaum Kurth ( 1943-2013), who was one of the young scientists that accompanied him in his field work in 1974, collaborating in the control of  Schizaphis graminum(Rondani, 1852)on Chilean winter cereal crops. Dr. Rosenbaum worked in the Chilean Agricultural Service ( Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero) and took part in the board of governors of the Chilean Council of Agricultural Engineers, both for many years. We agree to use the name in memory and tribute to Dr. Ingeborg Rosenbaum.  Descriptions.Apterous viviparous females ( Figs. 1A–1G). From 854 specimens. When alive shiny black, sometimes with a thin layer of whitish powder.  1.090 –1.870mmlong. Metric and meristic features in Table 1. Head, including clypeus and mandibular and maxillar lames and rostrum brown. Frons gently wavy. Antennae five- or sixsegmented. Antennal segments I and IIas pigmented as head dorsum and darker than antennal segments V and VI, which are pigmented, other antennal segments yellowish, sometimes with apex of IVor III+ IVsegment brownish. Antennal segments I, IIand dorsal face of IIIsmooth, ventral face of III, and segment IVwith transversal striae and V and VIimbricated. Rostrum reaches nearly to the hind leg coxae. Ultimate rostral segment brown, as dark as proximal ones and carrying 2 accessory setae. Coxae, trochanters, most of femora, distal portion of tibiae and tarsi more or less as pigmented as head dorsum, other part of femora and tibiae brownish yellow. Tarsal chaetotaxy formula 3.3.2. In most sclerotized and pigmented specimens, both prothorax and mesothorax have broad and complete or near complete transversal bands, metathorax has large spinopleural and marginal sclerotized areas, abdominal segments 1 to 6 have a spinopleural patch with irregular lateral edges and marginal sclerites, all being well pigmented, and reticulated; segments 7 and 8 have complete and wide transverse bands with striae or spinuled lines. In less sclerotized specimens thoracic transversal bands are fragmented, the spinopleural abdominal patch beginning on segment 2 and can be segmentally fragmented, marginal sclerites are or maybe absent and bands on 7 and 8 are narrow and sometime shortened to small setiferous sclerites. In unsclerotized specimens, marginal sclerites are only present on pro- and mesothorax and on metathorax to abdominal segment 8 and are very small, sparse and scattered. Intersegmental and spiracular sclerites on thorax and abdomen darker than segmental sclerites. Marginal tubercles on prothorax and abdominal segments 1 and 7 are irregularly-shaped, with wrinkles or with warts, not inflated dome-shaped as is habitual in the species of  Aphis. In several specimens marginal tubercles may be present on some of abdominal segments 2 to 4, but smaller and more slender than those on segments 1 and 7, and with a relatively wide base. Siphunculi cylindrical, with small flange, homogeneously as dark as or darker than abdominal dorsum and imbricated. Genital and anal plates dark-brown. Cauda long with very slight proximal constriction and edges straight and almost parallel over most of its length. Setae in general long, slender and pointed. Alate viviparous females ( Figs. 1H- 1I). From 81 specimens. Approximately 1.30–1.95 mmlong. Very similar to apterous viviparous females, with the following differences in addition to different thoracic configuration: (1) antennae homogeneously dark; (2) segment IIIrugose and with 3 to 7 secondary sensoria, aligned over the entire length; (3) legs more pigmented; (4) spinopleural sclerotisation absent from abdominal segments 1 to 5 and sometimes to 6. Metric and meristic features in Table 1.  Bionomics.  Aphis ingeborgaelives on several species of  Baccharis(Asteraceae), mainly on  B. linearis(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., on stems and proximal part of leaves, usually in dense groups. The alate viviparous females appear to be infrequent. Oviparous females and males are not known, but they must exist, especially at high altitude.  Distribution. The species is currently known in Chilein localities between the Santiagoand Los Lagosregions; the distance in a straight line between the two most distant locations is approximately 1100 km. It has not been found so far in Argentina, although  Baccharis linearisis widely distributed in the country, from San Juanto the north to Chubutto the south, in areas that the authors have sampled.  Taxonomic discussion. Several species of Aphidinarecorded from South America are easily distinguishable from any others of the subtribe by one conspicuous character, i.e. the presence of stridulatory apparatus in species of the subgenus  ToxopteraKoch, 1856; the absence of marginal tubercles on abdominal segments 1 and / or 7 as in  Andinaphis paradoxa(Mier Durante, Ortego & Nieto Nafría, 1997),  Aphis matileiNieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante, 2000,  Aphis maulensisMier Durante & García-Tejero, 2016and  Aphis vurilocensisNieto Nafría, Brown & López Ciruelos, 2016; the presence of an enormous clypeus as in  Brachyunguis blanchardiRemaudière & Bahamondes, 1987, or the absence of posterior setae on the genital plate as in  Aphis paravanoiNieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante, 1999. In the same way, a single character allows us to distinguish  Aphis ingeborgae  sp. n.from all other South American species by the irregular shape of the marginal tubercles with wrinkles or warts on prothorax and abdominal segments 1 and 7, being unlike other  Aphisspecies where they are dome-shaped, swollen and without wrinkles or warts. Differences between  Aphis ingeborgae  sp. n.and the other species that live on  Baccharisspecies are shown in the identification key for apterous viviparous females included in the taxonomic discussion section of  Aphis fuentesi  sp. n. 2413161241 2 156 Hille Ris 2 155 2 1 holotype 2413161244 1974-11-26 Chile 70 2 156 -37.766666 Angol 1179 -72.683334 Malleco 2 155 1 Araucania 2413161249 Chile 2 156 Natural History Museum London 2 155 2 2 Araucania paratype 2413161257 2004-03-07 320 2 156 -39.316666 Molco 1170 -72.1 Cautin 2 155 1 2413161236 2004-03-07 250 2 156 -39.283333 Pucon 1170 -71.95 Cautin 2 155 1 2413161252 1974-11-26 450 2 156 -37.816666 Angol 1179 -72.76667 Malleco 2 155 1 2413161232 2016-02-16 Chile 570 2 156 -37.316666 Baccharis 1182 -71.65 2 155 1 Biobio 2413161238 2016-02-16 940 2 156 -37.366665 Baccharis 1181 -71.48333 Antuco to Laguna La Laja 2 155 1 Biobio 2413161258 1974-11-25 140 2 156 -37.116665 Cabrero 1183 -72.36667 Chillan 2 155 1 Biobio 2413161239 1974-11-24 Chile 10 2 156 -42.666668 Chonchi at Lago Huillinco 1148 -73.88333 Chiloe 2 155 1 Los Lagos 2413161231 2016-01-30 Chile 840 2 156 -35.8 Baccharis 1191 -70.85 Talca prov. La Mina 2 155 1 Maule 2413161246 2016-01-30 550 2 156 -35.7 Baccharis 1191 -71.066666 Baccharis 2 155 1 Maule 2413161248 2016-01-30 1210 2 156 -35.85 Baccharis 1191 -70.683334 2 155 1 2413161240 2000-02-01 2000-02-02 2000-02-01 215 3 156 -35.566666 Baccharis 1192 -71.7 2 155 2 2413161242 2000-02-01 2000-02-02 2000-02-01 215 3 156 -35.566666 Baccharis 1192 -71.7 3 155 2 2413161234 2004-03-12 Chile 780 3 156 -33.183334 Baccharis 1206 -70.61667 3 155 1 Santiago