Aphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae) species living on Baccharis (Asteraceae) in southern South America, with description of three new species
Nafría, Juan Manuel Nieto
Ortego, Jaime
Brown, Paul A.
López Ciruelos, Sara I.
Durante, M. Pilar Mier
Zootaxa
2019
2019-08-13
4656
1
153
167
Nieto Nafria & Brown
Nafría & Ortego & Brown & López Ciruelos & Durante
2019
[151,749,1268,1296]
Insecta
Aphididae
Aphis
Animalia
Aphidomorpha
2
155
Arthropoda
species
ingeborgae
sp. nov.
Aphis
( Fig. 1; Table 1)
Types. Holotype: apterous viviparous female( specimennumber 7 of Hille RisLambers’s sample 930, mounted with three paratypes): CHILE, Araucanía, Mallecoprov., Angol(approx. 37º 46’ S, 72º 41’ W, 70 m), 26-November-1974, on Baccharislinearis( Hille Ris Lambers leg.), Natural History Museum, Londoncollection. Paratypes: 853 apterous viviparous females[apt] and 81 alate viviparous females[al], Natural History Museum, Londonand Universidad de Leóncollections. CHILE, Araucanía, same data as the holotype(12 apt, 18 al); Cautínprov., Molco( 39º 19’ S, 72º 06’ W, 320 m), on Baccharislinearis, 7-March-2004, Ortego leg.(39 apt, 2 al); Cautínprov., Pucón( 39º 17’ S, 71º 57’ W, 250 m), 7-March-2004, on Baccharislinearis, Ortego leg.(66 apt); Mallecoprov., 10 kmW. of Angol, 450 mon the label (perhaps 37º 49’ S, 72º 46’ W), 26-November-1974, on Baccharis sp., Hille Ris Lambers leg.(23 apt, 11 al); same locality, and date, on Baccharis sp., Hille Ris Lambers leg. (1 al). CHILE, Biobío: Biobío prov., Antuco( 37º 19’ S, 71º 39’ W, 570 m), 16-February-2016, on Baccharislinearis(185 apt); Biobíoprov, Antuco to Laguna La Lajaroad ( 37º 22’ S, 71º 29’ W, 940 m), 16-February-2016, on Baccharislinearis(165 apt); Biobíoprov, 65 kmS of Chillánon the label (perhaps Cabrero, 37º 07’ S, 72º 22’ W, 140 m), 25-November-1974, on Baccharis sp., Hille Ris Lambers leg. (3 apt, 1 al). CHILE, Los Lagos, Chiloéprov., Chonchi at Lago Huillinco( 42º40’ S, 73º 53’ W, 10 m), 24-November-1974on Baccharis sp., Hille Ris Lambers leg. (14 apt, 2 al). CHILE, Maule: Talca prov. La Mina( 35º 48’ S, 70º 51’ W, 840 m), 30-January-2016, on Baccharislinearis(128 apt, 4 al); Talca prov., road to Paso Pehuenche bridge “ Maulen.º 2” ( 35º 42’ S, 71º 04’ W, 550 m), 30-January-2016, on Baccharis sp.(3 apt); Talca prov., road to Paso Pehuenche at 1210 m( 35º 51’ S, 70º 41’ W), 30-January-2016, on Baccharislinearis, (4 apt); Talca prov., San Clemente ( 35º 32’ S, 71º 28’ W, 215m), 2-February-2000on Baccharis sp.(117 apt, 6 al); Talcaprov., San Javier( 35º 34’ S, 71º 42’ W, 110m), 1-February-2000, on Baccharis sp.(92 apt, 32 al). CHILE, SantiagoMetropolitana, Chacabuco prov., Colina ( 33º 11’ S, 70º 37’ W, 780 m), 12-March-2004, on Baccharis sp., Ortego leg. (2 apt, 4 al) . Etymology. The specific epithet ingeborgaeis the name suggested by D. Hille Ris Lambers to dedicate the species to Ingeborg Rosenbaum Kurth ( 1943-2013), who was one of the young scientists that accompanied him in his field work in 1974, collaborating in the control of Schizaphis graminum(Rondani, 1852)on Chilean winter cereal crops. Dr. Rosenbaum worked in the Chilean Agricultural Service ( Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero) and took part in the board of governors of the Chilean Council of Agricultural Engineers, both for many years. We agree to use the name in memory and tribute to Dr. Ingeborg Rosenbaum. Descriptions.Apterous viviparous females ( Figs. 1A–1G). From 854 specimens. When alive shiny black, sometimes with a thin layer of whitish powder. 1.090 –1.870mmlong. Metric and meristic features in Table 1. Head, including clypeus and mandibular and maxillar lames and rostrum brown. Frons gently wavy. Antennae five- or sixsegmented. Antennal segments I and IIas pigmented as head dorsum and darker than antennal segments V and VI, which are pigmented, other antennal segments yellowish, sometimes with apex of IVor III+ IVsegment brownish. Antennal segments I, IIand dorsal face of IIIsmooth, ventral face of III, and segment IVwith transversal striae and V and VIimbricated. Rostrum reaches nearly to the hind leg coxae. Ultimate rostral segment brown, as dark as proximal ones and carrying 2 accessory setae. Coxae, trochanters, most of femora, distal portion of tibiae and tarsi more or less as pigmented as head dorsum, other part of femora and tibiae brownish yellow. Tarsal chaetotaxy formula 3.3.2. In most sclerotized and pigmented specimens, both prothorax and mesothorax have broad and complete or near complete transversal bands, metathorax has large spinopleural and marginal sclerotized areas, abdominal segments 1 to 6 have a spinopleural patch with irregular lateral edges and marginal sclerites, all being well pigmented, and reticulated; segments 7 and 8 have complete and wide transverse bands with striae or spinuled lines. In less sclerotized specimens thoracic transversal bands are fragmented, the spinopleural abdominal patch beginning on segment 2 and can be segmentally fragmented, marginal sclerites are or maybe absent and bands on 7 and 8 are narrow and sometime shortened to small setiferous sclerites. In unsclerotized specimens, marginal sclerites are only present on pro- and mesothorax and on metathorax to abdominal segment 8 and are very small, sparse and scattered. Intersegmental and spiracular sclerites on thorax and abdomen darker than segmental sclerites. Marginal tubercles on prothorax and abdominal segments 1 and 7 are irregularly-shaped, with wrinkles or with warts, not inflated dome-shaped as is habitual in the species of Aphis. In several specimens marginal tubercles may be present on some of abdominal segments 2 to 4, but smaller and more slender than those on segments 1 and 7, and with a relatively wide base. Siphunculi cylindrical, with small flange, homogeneously as dark as or darker than abdominal dorsum and imbricated. Genital and anal plates dark-brown. Cauda long with very slight proximal constriction and edges straight and almost parallel over most of its length. Setae in general long, slender and pointed. Alate viviparous females ( Figs. 1H- 1I). From 81 specimens. Approximately 1.30–1.95 mmlong. Very similar to apterous viviparous females, with the following differences in addition to different thoracic configuration: (1) antennae homogeneously dark; (2) segment IIIrugose and with 3 to 7 secondary sensoria, aligned over the entire length; (3) legs more pigmented; (4) spinopleural sclerotisation absent from abdominal segments 1 to 5 and sometimes to 6. Metric and meristic features in Table 1. Bionomics. Aphis ingeborgaelives on several species of Baccharis(Asteraceae), mainly on B. linearis(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., on stems and proximal part of leaves, usually in dense groups. The alate viviparous females appear to be infrequent. Oviparous females and males are not known, but they must exist, especially at high altitude. Distribution. The species is currently known in Chilein localities between the Santiagoand Los Lagosregions; the distance in a straight line between the two most distant locations is approximately 1100 km. It has not been found so far in Argentina, although Baccharis linearisis widely distributed in the country, from San Juanto the north to Chubutto the south, in areas that the authors have sampled. Taxonomic discussion. Several species of Aphidinarecorded from South America are easily distinguishable from any others of the subtribe by one conspicuous character, i.e. the presence of stridulatory apparatus in species of the subgenus ToxopteraKoch, 1856; the absence of marginal tubercles on abdominal segments 1 and / or 7 as in Andinaphis paradoxa(Mier Durante, Ortego & Nieto Nafría, 1997), Aphis matileiNieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante, 2000, Aphis maulensisMier Durante & García-Tejero, 2016and Aphis vurilocensisNieto Nafría, Brown & López Ciruelos, 2016; the presence of an enormous clypeus as in Brachyunguis blanchardiRemaudière & Bahamondes, 1987, or the absence of posterior setae on the genital plate as in Aphis paravanoiNieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante, 1999. In the same way, a single character allows us to distinguish Aphis ingeborgae sp. n.from all other South American species by the irregular shape of the marginal tubercles with wrinkles or warts on prothorax and abdominal segments 1 and 7, being unlike other Aphisspecies where they are dome-shaped, swollen and without wrinkles or warts. Differences between Aphis ingeborgae sp. n.and the other species that live on Baccharisspecies are shown in the identification key for apterous viviparous females included in the taxonomic discussion section of Aphis fuentesi sp. n.
2413161241
2
156
Hille Ris
2
155
2
1
holotype
2413161244
1974-11-26
Chile
70
2
156
-37.766666
Angol
1179
-72.683334
Malleco
2
155
1
Araucania
2413161249
Chile
2
156
Natural History Museum
London
2
155
2
2
Araucania
paratype
2413161257
2004-03-07
320
2
156
-39.316666
Molco
1170
-72.1
Cautin
2
155
1
2413161236
2004-03-07
250
2
156
-39.283333
Pucon
1170
-71.95
Cautin
2
155
1
2413161252
1974-11-26
450
2
156
-37.816666
Angol
1179
-72.76667
Malleco
2
155
1
2413161232
2016-02-16
Chile
570
2
156
-37.316666
Baccharis
1182
-71.65
2
155
1
Biobio
2413161238
2016-02-16
940
2
156
-37.366665
Baccharis
1181
-71.48333
Antuco to Laguna La Laja
2
155
1
Biobio
2413161258
1974-11-25
140
2
156
-37.116665
Cabrero
1183
-72.36667
Chillan
2
155
1
Biobio
2413161239
1974-11-24
Chile
10
2
156
-42.666668
Chonchi at Lago Huillinco
1148
-73.88333
Chiloe
2
155
1
Los Lagos
2413161231
2016-01-30
Chile
840
2
156
-35.8
Baccharis
1191
-70.85
Talca prov. La Mina
2
155
1
Maule
2413161246
2016-01-30
550
2
156
-35.7
Baccharis
1191
-71.066666
Baccharis
2
155
1
Maule
2413161248
2016-01-30
1210
2
156
-35.85
Baccharis
1191
-70.683334
2
155
1
2413161240
2000-02-01
2000-02-02
2000-02-01
215
3
156
-35.566666
Baccharis
1192
-71.7
2
155
2
2413161242
2000-02-01
2000-02-02
2000-02-01
215
3
156
-35.566666
Baccharis
1192
-71.7
3
155
2
2413161234
2004-03-12
Chile
780
3
156
-33.183334
Baccharis
1206
-70.61667
3
155
1
Santiago