New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus Nunes, Rafael V. Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. 7PZD7 Burmeister Burmeister [809,1113,1841,1867] Insecta Scarabaeidae Selenocopris GBIF Animalia Coleoptera 1 Arthropoda genus    1 Clypeo-genal junction border rounded, lacking angulation ( Fig. 1F) and/or clypeal teeth separated from adjacent clypeal bor- der by external emarginations ( Fig. 1F). Female pygidium swollen, apex excavated in some species ( Figs. 2B–C) and/or female 6th abdominal sternite bearing a rounded central lobe advancing above pygidium apex. ( Fig. 1I). South portion of Atlantic Forest ( Brazil,  Paraguay, Argentina) and gallery forests at Central Braziland South America Chaco.................................................................................................  bicuspisspecies group  - Clypeo-genal junction border not rounded, forming at least an obtuse angle, which may be very obtuse on smaller males and females ( Fig. 1G), clypeal teeth never separated from adjacent clypeal border by external emarginations ( Fig. 1G). Female pygidium normally convex, apex never excavated; female 6th abdominal sternite either 3xwider than other segments ( Fig. 1L) or having other modifications at the median portion (emarginations, grooves, projecions or tubercles) ( Figs. 1H, 1K). Forest habitats in South America............................................................................... 2    2 Male6th abdominal ventrite with strong transverse groove all along its extension ( Fig. 1J). Female 6th abdominal ventrite with a "U" shape emargination at medial portion ( Fig. 1K). Apex of male paramera curved inward (dorsal and ventral view) lacking rounded or circular excavations near basis (dorsal view). Pronotum simply convex, having at most a pair of tubercles at anterior portion.........................................................................  ascaniusspecies group  - Male 6th abdominal segment lacking strong transverse groove all over its extension. Female 6th abdominal sternite with tubercles or other modifications at medial portion ( Figs. 1A,H,L). Male paramera curved inward or outward (dorsal and ventral view) and/or truncated at apex and having rounded or circular excavations near basis (dorsal view) ( Fig. 3C–D). Pronotum simply convex or having excavations, tubercles, lobes or strong declivity at anterior portion......................... 3    3 Maleclypeo-genal junction border either in straight sub-straight or even acute angle, in some cases expanded ( Fig. 1G). Genal border usually curved inward and clypeal teeth always curved upward. Female 6th abdominal sternite or 3xlarger then 5th segment medially or having a central pair of tubercles ( Figs. 1A, 1L)......  quadraticepsspecies group (continues on couplet 5)  - Male clypeo-genal junction border always obtuse and never expanded. Genal border straight and clypeal teeth curved upward or not. Female 6th abdominal sternite with a pair of triangular projections advancing beneath pygidial apex ( Fig. 1H)..... 4   4 Body almost always over 15 mmin length. Elytral striae and its punctures shallowly and weakly impressed ( Fig. 1D). Elytral interstriae flat, with either silky aspect given by its microsculpture (chagrination) and/or bearing brown or blue reflections. Male paramera bearing longitudinal excavations (dorsal and ventral view) (as those on Fig. 3C–D)......  fissusspecies group  - Body almost always under 15 mmin length. Elytral striae and its punctures deeply impressed ( Fig. 1E). Elytral interstriae shinny, not bearing microsculpture (chagrination), sometimes with color reflections. Male paramera lacking longitudinal excavations..........................................................................  spadiceusspecies group   5 Brachypterous species (atrophied hind wings) ( Fig. 2E): lacking humeral callus; pronotum wider than elytra (dorsal view); elytra strongly convex (lateral view) ( Fig. 1B).............................................................. 6  - Macropterous species (fully developed hind wings) ( Fig. 2E): having humeral callus; pronotum with the same width as elytra (dorsal view); elytra normally convex (lateral view).............................. macropterous species not dealt here   6 Pygidium bearing ocellate punctures near anterior margin (basis) ( Fig. 2D). Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grossostate, Brazil...........................................................  Dichotomius (S.) ingens(Luederwaldt 1935)( Fig. 3)  - Pygidium lacking ocellate punctures ( Fig. 2C), at most having very fine punctures ( 20x)............................. 7   7 Posterior portion of pronotal disc bearing ocellate punctures ( Figs. 6A–B). Elytral striae widened, lacking distinct punctures ( Figs. 6A–B, E). Chapada dos Parecis at Mato Grossostate, Brazil................  Dichotomius (S.) paresi n.sp.( Fig. 6)  - Pronotal disc lacking ocellate punctures, those being sometimes restricted to posterior margin, anterior angles and/or to the anterior excavation. Elytral striae narrow and always bearing distinct punctures all over its extension ( Fig. 1E).......... 8   8 Cephalic carina surface wrinkled (striated) ( Figs. 4A–B, E). Anterior excavation of pronotum bearing coarse punctures ( Fig. 4F). Chapadão do Céu, Goiásstate, Brazil..............................................  Dichotomius (S.) darwini  - Cephalic carina lacking striation. Anterior excavation of pronotum bearing at most fine punctures ( 20 x) (as on Fig. 7E)... 9   9 Clypeo-frontal horn carinate, strongly transverse, widely emarginated at the apex and producing two tubercles at each apex ( Fig. 7A). On smaller individuals, cephalic horn not producing lateral tubercles but still with a conspicuous emargination at apex. Smaller species (maximum body length: 19.5 mm; maximum pronotum width: 13 mm). Descalvado Municipality, São Paulostate, Brazil.....................................................  Dichotomius (S.) periotoi  n. sp.( Fig. 7)  - Clypeo-frontal horn carinate but not strongly transverse, lacking emargination and tubercles at the apex ( Fig. 5A). Females and smaller individuals unknown. Larger species (maximum body length: 25 mm; maximum pronotum width: 14 mm). Serra da Canastra, Southwest of Minas Geraisstate, Brazil..............................  Dichotomius (S.) manni  n. sp.( Fig. 5)