Xylopia atlantica (Annonaceae), new species from the coastal forest of Bahia, Brazil Mello-Silva, Renato Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho Phytotaxa 2014 2014-12-08 188 1 38 42 Mello-Silva & J.C.Lopes Mello-Silva & J. C. Lopes 2014 [136,624,244,271] Magnoliopsida Annonaceae Xylopia Plantae Magnoliales 1 39 Tracheophyta species atlantica sp. nov.   Type:—  BRAZIL. Bahia: Valença, estrada de Valençapara Guaimbim, ca. 2 km, estrada à esquerda, 8 km, ramal vicinal à esquerda, ca. 1 km, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Água Branca, elev.  220 m,  28 March 2004, fr., Fiaschi et al. 2165( holotype SPF!, isotypes CEPEC!, RB!). Tree to shrub 4–12 mtall. Twigs brown to reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Leaves glabrous above, glabrescent to sparsely sericeous below, coriaceous, in siccopale grey above, yellowish-green below, 15.5–41.0 × 5.0– 16.5 cm, narrowly oblong to lanceolate, apex acuminate to attenuate, base acute to obtuse; petiole furrowed above, dark brown, sparsely sericeous shiny brown, 6.0–22.0 mm long, 0.5–2.0 mm diam.; venation brochidodromous, secondary veins 12–20 pairs, primary vein impressed to plane above and raised below, secondary veins plane to slightly raised on both sides; angles between primary and secondary veins 65–90°. Inflorescences cauli- and ramiflorous. Flowers unknown. Monocarps 13–18, 2.0–4.0 × 0.3–1.5 cm, stipes 2–6 mmlong, falcate, the young ones torulose, immature green, densely yellow-tomentose with persistent calyx, sepals halfway connate, lobes widely triangular; mature monocarps sparsely yellow-tomentose, red outside, pink inside. Seed 3–5 per monocarp, ca. 8.5 × 2.5 mm, botuliform, shiny black, aril white.  Habitat:—Interior of lowland Atlantic Forest.   Distribution:—  Xylopia atlanticais endemic to a narrow stretch of land, 150 kmlong from Valença to Uruçuca, on the central Bahian coast, known as the Dendê Coast.   Etymology:—The species is named after both its place of occurrence, the coastal region of Bahia state, and its habitat, the Atlantic Forest.  Observations:—Among the Xylopiasfrom the Atlantic Forest,  X. atlanticashares with  X. decorticansand  X. ochranthacauli- and ramiflorous inflorescences, which is not a common feature in Neotropical  Xylopia( Fries 1930, Maas et al.1986, Lobão & Johnson 2007). The larger and differently shaped leaves apart,  X. atlanticadiffers from  X. decorticansby the non-exfoliating bark, and from  X. ochranthaby the indumentum of the monocarps, sparsely yellowtomentose versus densely golden-tomentose.  Xylopia atlanticaand  X. decorticansare also allopatric,  X. decorticansbeing endemic to the mountain region of Espírito Santo.  Xylopia ochranthahas a broader distribution, from Bahiato Rio de Janeiro( Table 1). Among Amazonian cauliflorous  Xylopia,  X. benthamiiR.E. Fries (1900: 35)has much smaller leaves, from 5 to 8(-12) cm long, compared to  X. atlantica.  Xylopia cuspidata Diels (1927: 175)and  X. longicuspisR.E. Fries (1934: 210)both have large leaves, but at maximum only to 26 cmlong, with long cuspidate apices. Moreover,  X. cuspidatashows plane primary veins on the adaxial side of the lamina, and  X. longicuspishas hirsute young leaves. However,  Xylopia cuspidatashares with  X. atlanticathe connate sepals ( Fries 1930), which remain with the immature fruits of  X. atlantica. Although  X. atlanticahas been relatively well collected since 1991, flowering specimens have never been encountered. Fruits have been found from November to February.   TABLE 1. Comparison among cauli- and ramiflorous  Xylopiafrom Atlantic Forest.      Xylopia atlantica   Xylopia decorticans   Xylopia ochrantha  ( Lobão & Johnson 2007) ( Dias 1988)  Bark not exfoliating exfoliating not exfoliating  Leaf length (cm) 15.5–41.0 9.0–24.0 5.5–11.5  Leaf width (cm) 5.0–16.5 2.0–4.8 2.0–4.0  Leaf shape narrowly oblong to lanceolate lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or elliptic to oblong-lanceolate  rarely ovate  Fruit indument sparsely yellow- tomentose sparsely yellow- pubescent densely golden tomentose  Distribution Bahia Espírito Santo Bahia, Espírito Santo and Rio de  Janeiro   FIGURE 1.  Xylopia atlantica. A. Twig with leaves. B. Immature fruit with persistent sepals. C. Dehiscent mature fruit. D. Seed with aril. A. Jardim 2719; B. Amorim 383; C–D. Fiaschi 2165.     Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Bahia:  Camamu, fazenda  Exílio, entrada no km 10,7 da rodovia  Camamu-Travessão( BA 650), ca. 2 kmleste da sede da fazenda, 14°00’07”S, 39°10’07”W,  21 February 2000, fr.,  Jardimet al. 2719( CEPEC!, SPF!);  Itacaré, ramal à esquerda na estrada Ubaitaba-Itacaré, a 4 kmdo loteamento Marambaia,  20 November 1991, fr.,  Amorimet al. 463( CEPEC!);  Itacaré, mata parcialmente perturbada na estrada Itacaré-Taboquinha, ao lado do loteamento da Marambaia,  20 November 1991, fr.,  Amorimet al. 383( CEPEC!);  Itacaré, loteamento Marambaia, rodovia Ilhéus-Itacaré, ca. 6 km de Itacaré,  6 January 2000, fr.,  Amorimet al. 3234( CEPEC!, SP!);  Uruçuca, 7.3 kmnorth of  Serra Grandeon road to Itacaré, fazenda Lagoado conjunto fazenda Santa Cruz, 14°25’S, 39°01’W,  1–12 July 1991, st.,  Thomaset al. 6866( CEPEC!, NY); id.,  1–12 July 1991, st.,  Thomaset al. 7177( CEPEC!, NY); id.,  3 February 1993, fr.,  Thomaset al. 9753( CEPEC!, NY). 2004-03-28 SPF, CEPEC, RB de Valenca Brazil 220 Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural Agua Branca 1 39 1 Bahia holotype 1991-07-01 2000-02-21 1991-07-01 CEPEC, SPF, SP, NY Exilio & Camamu-Travessao & Jardim & Marambaia & Amorim & da Marambaia & de Itacare & Santa Cruz & Thomas Brazil Camamu -14.416667 Camamu 1288 -39.016666 Exilio 3 41 BA 650 1 Bahia paratype BA Exilio & Camamu-Travessao Brazil Camamu Camamu Exilio 3 41 BA 650 1 Bahia paratype 2000-02-21 CEPEC, SPF Jardim Brazil -14.001945 21 -39.168613 3 41 1 Bahia paratype 1991-11-20 CEPEC Marambaia & Amorim Brazil Ubaitaba-Itacare Itacare 3 41 1 Bahia paratype 1991-11-20 CEPEC da Marambaia & Amorim Brazil Itacare-Taboquinha Itacare 3 41 1 Bahia paratype 2000-01-06 CEPEC, SP de Itacare & Amorim Brazil Itacare Ilheus-Itacare Marambaia 3 41 1 Bahia paratype 1991-07-01 1991-07-12 1991-07-01 CEPEC, NY Santa Cruz & Thomas Brazil Urucuca -14.416667 Serra Grande 1288 -39.016666 Serra Grande 3 41 1 Bahia paratype [711,1382,410,437] 1991-07-01 1991-07-12 1991-07-01 CEPEC, NY Thomas Brazil 3 41 1 Bahia paratype 1993-02-03 CEPEC, NY Thomas Brazil 3 41 1 Bahia paratype