Integration or minimalism: twenty-one new species of ghost spiders (Anyphaenidae: Anyphaena) from Mexico Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-25 865 1 94 C66LW Rivera-Quiroz & Álvarez-Padilla, 2023 Rivera-Quiroz & Álvarez-Padilla 2023 [600,889,264,291] Arachnida Anyphaenidae Anyphaena Animalia Araneae 19 20 Arthropoda species triangularis sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 99F21C7F-3CC1-413F-9269-57931511CE81  Figs 10–12, 52    Differential diagnosis The epigynal plate in  A. triangularis sp. nov.is broad, more than two thirds of the epigastric furrow length, anteriorly projected and ventrally distended, epigynum anterior projection with two deep comma-shaped pits ( Figs 10C, F, 11E–F, 12G(arrow), H). Similar epigyna are found in  A. urieli sp. nov., but they differ by the flatter anterior projection and copulatory duct paths. Males of  A. triangularis sp. nov.are differentiated from those of  A. urieli sp. nov.by their larger cymbium basal projection ( Figs 11C, 12C(arrow)), ventral tegular projection retrolateral margin without a translucent section, median apophysis distal hook smaller, the RTA posterior branch wider, and the coxa II tubercle larger ( Figs 11A–D, 12A– F).    Etymology The species epithet refers to the triangular shape of the epigynal plate in ventral view.    Material examined    Holotype MEXICO• ♀; San Luis Potosi, Xilitla City, Las Pozas; 21.39722° N, 98.99388° W; alt.  662 m;  10–15 Jun. 2012; Aracnolab teamleg.; tropical wet forest fragment; BEAT; CNAN-T01541.    Allotype MEXICO• ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CNAN-T01520.    Paratypes MEXICO• 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; LUP; CNAN-T01579 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CNAN-T01580 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CNAN-T01577 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CNAN-T01578.  Additional material   MEXICO• 3 ♂♂; San Luis Potosi, Xilitla City, Las Pozas; 21.39722° N, 98.99388° W; alt.  662 m;  10–15 Jun. 2012; Aracnolab teamleg.; tropical wet forest fragment; BEAT • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM085 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CRP • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM086 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM087 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; LUD • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM090 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM091 • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM092 • 5 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; LUP • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM088 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM089 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding;  27–31 Jul. 2011; CRP; AR_002; GenBank: ON619642.    Description  Female Total length 6.9. Carapace yellow, ocular area slightly darker, pattern with two darker longitudinal brown parallel bands around cephalic area and fovea, clypeus dark yellow ( Fig. 10A, D). Sternum surface white, intercoxal triangles present on all legs. Labium yellow, white at tip, longer than wide. Endites yellow, rectangular, slightly broader at tip ( Fig. 10C). Chelicerae dark yellow, paturon dorsum without pattern ( Fig. 10B, D), promargin with five teeth, retromargin with eleven to twelve denticles. Leg coloration: yellow covered with darker patches from femora to tarsi. Abdomen yellow, hirsute, dorsal surface delineated with light brown pattern and several chevrons over posterior half, anterior central half with darker median band, lateral surfaces light brown pattern only at top, lateral sides and ventral surface white, tracheal spiracle at middle ( Fig. 10A–C). Copulatory openings under semicircular and sclerotized hood. Hood with straight edge slightly projected at center. Atrium short, lateral borders sinuous, extended in posterior region ( Figs 11E–F, 12G–H). Copulatory ducts sclerotized, short, entering spermathecae on anterior surfaces. Seminal receptacles rounded and located in anterior third of copulatory ducts. Fertilization ducts short, straight, and emerging from lateral surfaces of spermathecae ( Figs 11E–F, 12G–F). Cephalothorax length 2.93, thoracic width 2.1, cephalic width 0.97. Clypeus height 0.09. Eye diameters: AME 0.07, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12. Eye interdistances: AME– AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.06, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.09. Femur lengths: I 3.38, II 3.05, III 2.29, IV 3.43. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1, p0-2-1, r0-1-1. Tibia I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur II d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia III v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus III v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Femur IV d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Tibia IV v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus IV v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2.   Fig. 10.  Anyphaena triangularis sp. nov. A–D, F. Paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01579). E. Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01577). A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Ventral habitus. D. Prosoma, anterior view. E. Prosoma, anterior view. F. Epigynum, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C=1.0 mm; D–E =0.5 mm; F = 0.2 mm.  Male Total length 6.9. Cephalothorax and abdomen coloration as in female ( Fig. 10E). Retromargin of chelicerae with seven to eight denticles. Coxa III tubercle roughly rectangular with posterior apical spine. Coxa IV with a long, curved spur, located at retrolateral basal corner ( Fig. 12E–F). Ventral tegular apophysis bifurcated ( Fig. 12A(arrow)). Median apophysis hook-shaped in ventral view. Embolus long, translucent and filiform ( Figs 11A, D, 12A, D). RTA anterior branch curved with sclerotized margin, posterior branch of RTA large, distal edge with translucent keel ( Figs 11A, C–D, 12A, C–D). Prolateral apophysis of palpal tibia small, conical ( Figs 11B–C, 12B–C). Pedipalp tibia proportions longer than wide, stridulatory ridges extending from ventral branch of median tegular apophysis to tibial distal margin ( Figs 11A–B, D, 12A–B, D). Cephalothorax length 2.78, thoracic width 2.15, cephalic width 0.97. Clypeus height 0.11. Eye diameters:AME 0.09, ALE 0.16, PME 0.16, PLE 0.15. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.05, PME–PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.09. Femur lengths: I 3.52, II 3.19, III 2.38, IV 3.57. Leg spination as in female except: femur IV r0-1-1.   Fig. 11.  Anyphaena triangularis sp. nov. A–D. Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01577). E–F. Paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01579). A. Pedipalp, ventral view. B. Pedipalp, prolateral view. C. Pedipalp, dorsal view. D. Pedipalp, retrolateral view. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.   Fig. 12.  Anyphaena triangularis sp. nov. A–F. Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01577). G–H. Paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01579). A. Pedipalp, ventral view. B. Pedipalp, prolateral view. C. Pedipalp, dorsal view. D. Pedipalp, retrolateral view. E. Coxae, ventral view. F. Coxae, lateral view. G. Epigynum, ventral view. H. Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D, G–H =0.2 mm; E–F =1.0 mm.   Variation Females (N =10): total length 6.94 (± 0.36), cephalothorax length 2.73 (± 0.11), thoracic width 2.06 (± 0.07), cephalic width 1.12 (± 0.06), femur I 3.32 (± 0.12). Males (N=10): total length 6.66 (± 0.26), cephalothorax length 2.74 (±0.1), thoracic width 2.19 (± 0.1), cephalic width 1.06 (± 0.06), femur I 3.6 (± 0.06).    Distribution This species is found in primary tropical wet forest fragments ( Fig. 52).    Natural history Most specimens were collected over vegetation by beating, direct searching and cryptic search on the ground. 4097208467 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 BEAT Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 CNAN-T01541 1 1 San Luis Potosi holotype 4097208424 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 BEAT Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 MEXICO 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 CNAN-T01520 1 1 San Luis Potosi allotype 4097208333 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 LUP Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 MEXICO 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 CNAN-T01579 1 1 San Luis Potosi paratype 4097208534 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 BEAT Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 CNAN-T01580 1 1 San Luis Potosi paratype 4097208303 [568,1258,1242,1269] 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 BEAT Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 CNAN-T01577 1 1 San Luis Potosi paratype 4097208487 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 BEAT Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 CNAN-T01578 1 1 San Luis Potosi paratype 4097208447 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 BEAT Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 3 3 San Luis Potosi 4097208304 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 ANYM Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 ANYM085 1 1 San Luis Potosi 4097208509 [536,1126,1453,1479] 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 CRP Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 1 1 San Luis Potosi 4097208306 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 ANYM Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 ANYM086 1 1 San Luis Potosi 4097208371 [604,1290,1489,1515] 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 ANYM Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 ANYM087 1 1 San Luis Potosi 4097208413 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 LUD Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 3 3 San Luis Potosi 4097208362 [704,1382,1525,1551] 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 ANYM Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 ANYM090 2 2 San Luis Potosi 4097208318 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 ANYM Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 ANYM091 2 2 San Luis Potosi 4097208550 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 ANYM Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 ANYM092 4 4 San Luis Potosi 4097208453 [334,971,1596,1623] 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 LUP Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 5 5 San Luis Potosi 4097208379 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 ANYM Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 ANYM088 1 1 San Luis Potosi 4097208480 [461,1127,1633,1659] 2012-06-10 2012-06-15 2012-06-10 ANYM Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 ANYM089 1 1 San Luis Potosi 4097208384 2011-07-27 2011-07-31 2011-07-27 CRP Aracnolab team Mexico 662 21.39722 Las Pozas 1 -98.99388 Xilitla City 19 20 1 1 San Luis Potosi