Development sites and early stages of eleven species of Clusiidae (Diptera) occurring in Europe Horsfield, David Zootaxa 2013 3619 4 401 427 WD4F Meigen, 1830 Meigen 1830 [151,489,614,640] Insecta Clusiidae Clusia Animalia Diptera 2 403 Arthropoda species flava   Previous host tree records:  Fagus,  Betula(Smith 1950, 1989).    Clusia tigrina(Fallén 1820)  12 specimens: 2 males, 3 females, 7 empty puparia, all from  Fagus.   England: 7 empty puparia, Berkshire, Windsor Forest, 15.vii.1999, ex fallen  Fagus, PJC;  France: 2m, 3f, Pyrenees-Orientales, Reserve Naturelle de la Massane, near Banyuls-sur-mer, 8.v.2003, ex fallen  Fagus, GER. Previous records:  Fagus(Krivoscheina and Mamaev 1967, Chandler 1973);    Clusiodes albimanus(Meigen, 1830)  69 specimens: 31 males, 38 females; host trees:  Betula(37),  Fagus(13),  Fraxinus(13),  Alnus(2),  Populus(3),  Salix(1).   Scotland: 1f, Midlothian, Crichton Glen, 21.iii.1994, ex  Fraxinuslog, GER; 1m, 1f, Perthshire, Methan Woods,?. vi.1994, ex  Fagusstump, IM; 3f, Clackmannanshire, nr Alva, Myretoun Wood, 26.ii.1995, ex fallen  Fraxinus, GER; 2m, 2f, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 7.v.1995, ex fallen  Fagus, GER; 1m, Midlothian, Arniston, 26.v.1995, ex fallen  Fagus, IM; 1m, 2f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 7.v.1996, ex fallen  Betula, GER; 1m, Ross and Cromarty, Glen Cannich, 18.v.1996, ex  Betulalog, DH; 1f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 19.v.1996, ex fallen  Betula, GER; 1f, Perthshire, Balnagard, 20.iii.1997, ex fallen  Alnus, GER; 1f, Ross and Cromarty, Braelangwel Wood, 18.v.1997, ex fallen  Betula, GER; 4m, Ross and Cromarty, Rassal Ashwood NNR, 24.iv.1997, ex fallen  Fraxinus, GER; 1f, Sutherland, The Mound, Loch Fleet, 25.iv.1997, ex  Alnusbranch, GER; 1m, 1f, Ross and Cromarty, Loch Achility, 27.vi.1998, ex  Populus tremulaL. branch, DH; 1m, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 25.v.1999, ex  Fraxinuslog, DH; 1f, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 25.v.1999, ex  Faguslog, DH; 1f, Aberdeenshire, Linn of Dee, 31.v.1999, ex fallen  Betula, GER. 2m, 4f, Ross and Cromarty, Rassal Ashwood NNR, 26.v.2008, ex  Fraxinusbranches, DH; 1m, Ross and Cromarty, 28.v.2008, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1m, Perthshire, Dunkeld, Fungarth, 14.x.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH.  England: 1m, 7f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 30.iv.1997, ex  Betulalog, GER; 3m, 2f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21.iv.1998, ex  Betulalog, GER; 2f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 20–21.iv.1998, ex fallen  Faguslog, GER 3m, 3f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 23.iv.1998, ex  Betulalog, GER; 2m, 1f, Buckinghamshire, Ashridge, 22.iv.1998, ex  Faguslog, GER; 1m, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 23.iv.1998, ex fallen  Salix, GER;  Finland: Kainuu, Kuhmo: 1f, Jauhovaara, 17.v.2004, ex  Betula, DH; 1m, Urpovaara NR, 30.v.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1m, Ulvinsalon NR, 31.v.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1f, Honkavaara, 1.vi.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 2m, Puolanka, Baljakka NR, 4.vi.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1m, Valkeavaara, 3.vi.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH.  Previous records:  Betula(Richards 1934);  Fraxinus(Withers 1985).    Clusiodes apicalis(Zetterstedt, 1848)  47 specimens: 19 males, 28 females, host trees:  Betula(42),  Alnus(4),  Populus(1).   Scotland: 1f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 7.v.1996, ex fallen  Populus, GER; 1m, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 19.v.1996, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 2m, 5f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 19.v.1996, ex fallen  Betula, GER; 1f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 19.v.1996, ex fallen  Betula, AEW; 6m, 6f, Perthshire, nr Balnagard, 20.iii.1997, ex  Betulabranch, GER; 2m, 2f, Sutherland, The Mound, Loch Fleet, 25.vi.1997, ex fallen  Alnus, GER; 5f, Ross and Cromarty, Braelangwel Wood, 18.v.1997, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1m, Perthshire, Fungarth, 1.iv.1998, ex fallen  Betula, GER; 1m, 2f, Perthshire, Camghouran, Coille Mhor, 10.v.1998, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1m, Perthshire, nr Tummel Bridge, 10.v.1998, ex fallen  Betula, GER.  Finland: Kainuu, Kuhmo: 1m, 3f, Jauhovaara, 64' 03"N, 29'10"E, 17.v.2004, ex fallen  Betula, GER; 1f, Elimyssalo, 64' 15"N, 30'33"E, 23.v.2004, ex fallen  Betula, GER; 1m, Ulvinsalon NR, 63'97"N, 30'32"E, 31.v.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 2m, Honkavaara, 63'89"N, 29'68"E, 1.vi.2007, ex  Betulabranch.  Russia: Karelia, Kostomuksha: 1m, 1f, west of Kostomukska, 64'59"N, 30'32"E, 18.v.2004, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1m, Luvajarvi, 64'49"N, 30'70"E, 18.v.2004, ex  Betulabranch, DH.  Previous records:  Betula(Teskey 1976).    Clusiodes caledonicus(Collin, 1912)  13 specimens: 8 males, 5 femalesall from  Pinus.   Scotland: 1m, 2f, Inverness-shire, Abernethy, Bognachruie, 3.v.1994, ex wet detritus under bark of dead, standing  Pinus, GER; 1f, Ross and Cromarty, Shieldag, no date, ex fallen  Pinus, IM; 4m, 2f, Inverness-shire, Abernethy, nr Forest Lodge, 12.vi.1997, ex  Pinusstump, GER; 3m, Inverness-shire, Abernethy, nr Forest Lodge, 12.vi.1997, ex  Pinusstump, DH.  Previous records:  Populus tremulaL.(Tuomikoski 1933)    Clusiodes freyiTuomikoski, 1933  20 specimens, 3 male, 17 females,  Betula(19),  Picea(1).   Finland: Kainuu, Kuhmo: 1f, Jauhovaara, 64'03"N, 29'10"E, 17.v.2004, ex  Piceabranch, DH; 1m, 8f, Elimyssalo, 64' 15"N, 30'33"E, 23.v.2004, ex fallen  Betula, GER; 1f, Elimyssalo, 2.vi.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1f, Ulvinsalon NR, 63'97"N, 30'32"E, 21.v.2004, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1m, 1f, Issakka, 63'88"N, 30'11"E, 21.v.2004, ex  Picea, DH; 2m, 3f, Honkavaara, 63'89"N, 29'68"E, 1.vi.2007, ex  Betula, DH.  Russia: Karelia, Kostomuksha: 3f, west of Kostomuksha, 64'59"N, 30'32"E, 18.v.2004, ex  Betula, DH; 1f, Luvajarvi, 64'49"N, 30'70"E, 18.v.2004, ex  Betula, DH.  Previous records: apparently not reared.    Clusiodes geomyzinus(Fallén, 1823)  14 specimens: 9 males, 5 females, host trees:  Picea(11),  Pinus(2),?  Betula(1).   Finland: 7m, 4f, Kainuu, Kuhmo, Ulvinsalon Rasivaara, 63' 97"N, 30'32"E, 21.v.2004, ex  Piceasnag, GER;  Russia: Karelia, Kostomuksha: 1f, Lake Korpangi, 64'75"N, 30'76"E, 18.v.2004, ex?  Betula, SH; 2m, Luvajarvi, 64'49"N, 30'70"E, 18.v.2004, ex  Pinusbranch, DH.  Previous records: apparently not reared, but adults associated with  Pinus(Tuomikoski 1933, Stubbs 1982),  Betulaand P. t re m u l a(Tuomikoski 1933).    Clusiodes gentilis(Collin, 1912)  49 specimens: 24 males, 25 females, host trees:  Betula(38),  Pinus(6),  Fagus(2),  Salix(1),  Ulmus(1).  Scotland: 3m, 3f, Perthshire, Fungarth, 26.ii.1997, ex fallen  Pinus, GER;1f, Midlothian, Roslin Glen, 8.iii.1997, ex  Fagusbranch, DH; 1m, Inverness-shire, Grantown, Kylintra wood, 4.vi.2001, ex  Pinusbranch, DH; 1m, East Lothian, Pease Bay, 27.i.2008, ex  Ulmusbranch, DH.  England: 19m, 18f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 19–22.vi.1998, ex  Betula, GER; 2f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21.vi.1998, ex  Fagusbranch, GER; 1f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21.vi.1998, ex  Salixbranch, GER.  Previous records:  Betula,  Salix(Withers 1985).    Clusiodes microcerusStackelberg, 1955  9 specimens: 3 males, 6 females, all from  Betula.   Finland: Kainuu, Kuhmo: 3m(reared, but no puparia), 4f (with puparia), Jauhovaara, 64' 03"N, 29'10"E, 17.v.2004, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1f, Ulvinsalon NR, 21.v.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1f, Honkavaara, 1.vi.2007, ex  Betulabranch, DH.  Previous records: apparently not reared.    Clusiodes ruficollis(Meigen, 1830)  18 specimens: 9 males, 9 females, host trees:  Fagus(5),  Betula(3),  Fraxinus(2), unknown (8).   Scotland: 5m, 3f, Fife, St. Andrews, 12.x.1945, ex dead wood, tree species not recorded, DJ; 2f, Midlothian, Crichton Glen, 21.iii.1994, ex  Fraxinus, DH; 1m, 3f, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 7.v.1995, ex fallen  Fagus, GER; 1m, Inverness-shire, Aviemore, Craigellachie, 12.iv.1997, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1m, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 4.v.1998, ex  Fagusbranch, DH; 1f, Perthshire, Struan, 9.v.1998, ex fallen  Betula, GER;  England: 1m, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21.iv.1998, ex  Betulabranch, GER.  Previous records:  Alnus,  Betula(Tuomikoski 1933); P. t re m u l a(Greve and Midtgaard 1986);  Carpinus(Withers 1985);  Betula,  Fagus(Rohácek 1995)    Clusiodes verticalis(Collin, 1912)  7 specimens: 3 males, 4 females, host trees:  Betula(2),  Alnus(1),  Fagus(1),  Fraxinus(1),  Pinus(1),  Salix(1).  Scotland: 1m, Midlothian, Crichton Glen, vi.1995, ex  Fraxinusbranch, GER; 1f, Inverness-shire, Glen Cannich, 18.v.1996, ex  Betulabranch, DH; 1m, Midlothian, Hermitage of Braid, 9.vi.1996, ex  Pinusbranch, DH; 1f, Perthshire, Balnagard, 20.iii.1997, ex fallen  Alnus, GER;  England: 1m, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21.vi.1998, ex  Betulabranch, GER; 1f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21.vi.1998, ex  Fagusbranch, GER; 1f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 23.vi.1998, ex  Salixbranch, GER.  Previous records: 'old grass heap' (Smith 1989);  Betula(Withers 1985).