Wilcox 1972: 45 Nelson 1987: 73 Poole & Gentili 1996: 64 Wilcoxia painteri J. Wilcox Review of the Nearctic genus Wilcoxia James (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae) with descriptions of three new species Pollock, Darren A. Reichert, Lisa A. Zootaxa 2019 2019-11-12 4695 5 401 437 5BZ2Y Wilcox Wilcox [181,483,945,972] Insecta Asilidae Wilcoxia Animalia Diptera 8 409 Arthropoda species painteri  ( Figs 5–6, 19, 28, 45, 49–50, 61)     Wilcoxia painteri  Wilcox 1972: 45. Typelocality: “New Mexico, Catron Co., Datil, Continental Divide”;  Nelson 1987: 73, and Fig. 132 (distribution in Utah);  Poole & Gentili 1996: 64.  Types.   Holotype, male ( CAS), labeled: “ Datil N. Mex. Cont’l Divide  17-VII-30// T.F. Winburn R.H. Painter Coll.// [blue label] HOLOTYPE ♂ Wilcoxia painteri J. Wilcox// California Academy of Sciences Type No. 15793 // AL- LOTYPE IS STORED IN THE GENERAL COLLECTION”. The holotypewas not examined (images studied at: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/entomology/typesDB/default.asp). The allotypewas examined.   Derivation of specific epithet. Wilcox (1972)named this species after a former dipterist colleague, Reginald H. Painter, who was the co-collector of the holotypeof  W. painteri. Painter also collected the entire type series of  W. cinerea( James 1941).   Diagnosis. This species may be diagnosed from other species in the  cinereagroup by the following combination of characters: scutellum uniformly pollinose, posterior margin not bare; scutum with 2–3 pairs of small, semicircular non-pollinose patches; abdominal tergites mainly bare, non-pollinose; abdominal segment 2 wider than long.   Description. Male( Fig. 5). TL 5.1–6.0 mm; wing 4.5–5.3 mm.  Head( Fig. 19) black, covered in pale grey tomentum, some specimens with golden cast, particularly on frons/ vertex, with face (in profile) very slightly protruding beyond eye; hairs and setae of head white, stoutest setae with amber cast; lower occipital hairs relatively short, sparse; ocellar tuberclewith 4 setae (ca. length of postpedicel + style), light yellow in color; mystax( Fig. 19) relatively sparse, consisting of very long setae (ca. length of antenna), confined to lower 1/3 of face; setae white, bases perpendicular to plane of face; palpi and proboscisbrown with white hairs; antennomeresbrown, pollinose, scape bare, shining; scape and pedicel with several relatively long ventral setae and several short hairs dorsally; ratio of antennomere lengths (scape: pedicel: postpedicel: style+spine) = 5: 6: 19: 8.  Thoraxdark brown to black, covered in light grey tomentum; scutumwith divided median stripe, darker grey to brown pollinose; acrostichal setae present, 4–5 per row; scutum surface with three dark brown pollinose spots, decreasing in size anteriorly to posteriorly, located medial to notopleural setae, supraalar seta, and postalar setae; posterior spot vaguely indicated in some specimens; scutum with sparse pile of short, white hairs (shorter than scape), primarily presuturally; most specimens with 2 notopleural setae, 1 supraalar seta and 1 postalar seta; stoutest thoracic setae with amber cast; scutellumuniformly pale grey pollinose; 2 yellowish marginal setae, about length of scutellum, erect and subperpendicular to plane of scutellum, more or less parallel to each other; several marginal hairs present; disc of scutellum with few short hairs; pleuralight grey pollinose; katatergitewith about 10 long, fine white setae, tips not “crinkly” (e.g., Fig. 44); wingshyaline, slightly yellow; costa complete around entire wing margin; microtrichiae dense and conspicuous on distal 2/3 of wing; halterwith base brown and yellow, stem and knob yellow; legs( Figs 5–6) non-pollinose, with tibiae and tarsi yellow, darker distally; trochanters brown/black; femora mostly black, very narrowly yellow at base and with distal ca. 1/4 yellow; leg hairs and setae white, stoutest setae with amber cast; femora dorsally with relatively dense white, appressed hairs (<femur width); ventrally with short, suberect white hairs and a few long white hairs (longest> femur width); tibiae with sparse, short (<tibia width) appressed yellowish hairs, ventrally with a few longer, more erect hairs (especially on front tibiae); mesotibial spine blackish-brown; some specimens with slightly, but distinctly, sigmoid spine ventrally at apex of protibia, darker than other tibial hairs/spines.  Abdomen( Fig. 5) black anteriorly, gradually lightened and browner posteriorly, with sparse, short white hairs; segments relatively wide, 2–5 at least as wide as long; pollinosity light grey, forming narrow band (may approach midlength on tergite 2) on tergites 1–5, and lateral margin of tergites 1–7, with slight medial expansion on posterior corners of tergites 2–6; sternitespale grey pollinose, with relatively sparse, short white hairs, not noticeably differing in length from anterior to posterior sternites.  Male genitalia( Figs 49–50). Apex of dorsal gonocoxite process moderately deeply bifid, inner lobe distinctly longer than outer, carina on outer lobe absent; dorsal process extending well past apex of ventral gonocoxite process; medial gonocoxite processes moderately thin, moderately curved towards phallus; gonostylus thin, arcuate, apex not truncate; phallus without distinct, subapical denticle on lateral margins; lateral margins evenly narrowed to apex.  Female( Fig. 6). TL 4.2–7.9 mm; wing 4.1–5.7 mm; features similar to male, except for the following: light grey pollinosity of head and pleura with golden cast; tergites 1–5 or 6 with anterior band of light grey pollinosity, with lateral margins light grey pollinose, with medial expansion in posterior corners of tergites 2–5 ( Figs 6, 28).  Notes. As noted below in the Discussion,  W. painteriis unique among species of  Wilcoxiain having at least some specimens with a short, sigmoidal spine at the apex of the front tibia ( Fig. 45). This feature has been mentioned and used by various authors for suprageneric groupings; its presence in  W. painterimay indicate that the present generic placement of this species is in error. Couplet 8 in Wood (1981)involves the apicoventral “sigmoidal” spine(s) on the front tibia. Because this feature is variable among specimens of  W. painteri, it is possible that this species will not key out to  Wilcoxia. If the spine is present and is deemed by the user of the key to be “differentiated, enlarged, and/or sigmoidal”, the specimen will key to  Cophura.  Natural history. Very little can be gleaned from labels on examined specimens. A “blue grama” label is on two specimens from Catron Co., New Mexico; presumably these individuals were collected in association with, or on, blue grama grass (  Bouteloua gracilis). Another specimen (Kane Co., Utah) has a handwritten label indicating a genus of plant. However, the handwriting on this label is poor and the name cannot be read clearly. Wilcox (1972)mentioned this specimen and interpreted the name on the label as “ Sutienzia”. An internet search failed to find any plant taxon with this genus name. A long series of specimens ( 2 males, 22 females) from Oneida Co., Idaho were collected in a Malaise trap. Specimens of  W. painteriwere collected from 23.vi–23.ix.   Distribution( Fig. 61). Known from seven states, this species exhibits the widest distribution of any  Wilcoxia; the range comprises a roughly diagonal area from SE Oregon at its northwest extent, to SW New Mexicoat its southeast, with Utah at its center. That more localities are known from Utah than all other states combined is likely indicative of greater collecting effort in that state. Collection locality elevations range from 4,017 (Oregon) to 7,388 feet(New Mexico).  Non-primary   typematerial examined. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.  Arizona. Apache Co.Chin Lee [= Chinle] [ 36.15368, -109.552575],  26.vii.1935, Brues, ( EMFC, 1♀).   Colorado. Moffat Co.Dinosaur NM, Echo Park[ 40.52014, -108.986618],  18.viii.1993, Kondratieff, Durfee, Fitzgerald, ( CSU, 1♀).  Montezuma Co.Mesa Verde NP, MancosR. Cyn[ 37.098663, -108.468964],  8.viii.1999, B. Kondratieff, S. Wells, W. Cranshaw, P. Pineda, W. Painter, ( CSU, 1♀).   Idaho. Oneida Co.  5 mi.NE Holbrook[ 42.213372, -112.584019]  ix.1971, Malaise trap, ( USUC, 2♂, 22♀).   Nevada. Nye Co.Current [interpreted as “Currant”] Creek[ 38.7138228, -115.5800319],  15.viii.1945, ( BYUC, 1♂).  Elko Co.Int. 80 Exit360 Moor[ 41.116894, -114.815025]  24.viii.1995, P.H. Arnaud Jr., Field Note#01393, USNMENT 01457181, ( USNM, 1♀).   New Mexico. Catron Co.Ake Ranch [33.85917, -107.74],  22.vii.1964, S.R. Race, blue grama, ( NMSU, 1♀; EMFC, 1♀);  Datil[ 34.144856, -107.842938], ContinentalDi- vide,  17.vii.1930, T.F. Winburn& R.H. Painter, ( CAS, 1♂, 2♀; EMFC 1♀).   Oregon. Harney Co.T34S R35E S10 [ 42.6034, -118.3815] dunes 1B,  1.ix.1979, Lightfoot& Cobb, ( OSAC, 1♂[ OSAC_0001005826]); T36S R35E S8 [ 42.4293, -118.4205] N1/2 A-M,  7.viii.1979, Lightfoot& Cobb, ( OSAC, 1♂[ OSAC_0001005827]); T34S R35E S10 [ 42.6034, -118.3815] NW,  3.viii.1979, ex malaise trap, N. Cobb, ( OSAC, 1♂[ OSAC_0001005829]); T34S R35E S10 [ 42.6034, -118.3815] off-dunes 1A,  1.ix.1979, Lightfoot& Cobb, ( OSAC, 1♀[ OSAC_0001005828]); T36S R35E S8 [ 42.4293, -118.4205] S1/2, off-dunes C-M,  5.ix.1979, Lightfoot& Cobb, ( OSAC, 1♀[ OSAC_ 0001005830]).   Utah. Emery Co.E. of Block Mt, Sinbad Cntry[ 38.819846, -110.694301],  24.vii.1981, Parker, Veirs, Griswold, ( USUC, 1♀).  Garfield Co.Grand Staircase-Escalante Natl. Mon., Burr Trail,  7.9 milesSE of Boulder, 37°52’0.2”N 111°20’0.1”W[ 37.866722, -111.333361],  25.vii.2001, R.W. Baumann, D.J. Cavan, K.F. Kuehn, mercury vapor light, ( BYUC, 2♂);  GrandStaircase- Escalante National Monument, Mouth of HorseCan- yon at Wolverine Loop Road, 37°50’59”N 111°13’23”W[ 37.849722, -111.223055],  14-16.viii.2001, K.A. Clarke, E.C. Green, Malaise trap, ( BYUC, 1♂);  Calf CreekCmpgd [ 37.793230, -111.414323] jct Hwy12, 37°47’58N111°24’92W,  23.vi.2000, R.W. Baumann, D.J. Cavan, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Invertebrate Survey, ( BYUC, 1♀);  Little Egypt[ 38.079425, -110.627371], S. of Hanksville,  23.viii.1984, Nelsonand Bau- mann, ( BYUC, 1♀).  Grand Co. 1.5 miN. Crescent Jct.[ 38.966045, -109.817332], Thompson Pass Road,  21.viii- 29.ix.1987, B.A. Hava, C.R. Nelson, malaise trapin shadscale community, ( BYUC, 1♂, 1?).  Juab Co.Yuba, Juniper1, 39.45380°N 111.96674°W[ 39.45380, -111.96674], 5300’,  14-18.viii.2007, R.L. Johnson, E.T. Gardner, Malaise( BYUC, 1♀);  Antelope Springs[ 39.886222, -112.698844], viii, D.E. Johnson, ( BYUC, 1♂).  Kane Co.  16 miW Glen Canyon[ 37.001056, -111.783152],  23.ix.1969, on  Sutienzia[misspelled?] sp., ( UCRC, 1 [ UCRC ENT 458147]);  Grand Staircase—Escalante National Monument, Sheep Creek on Skutumpah Road, 37°29’44”N 112°03’56”W[ 37.495555, -112.065555],  5824 ft.,  26.vii-17.viii.2000, E.C. Green, W.N. Mendel, sorted by C.R. Nelson, Malaise trap, ( BYUC, 2♂); same locality,  17-26.vii.2000, ( BYUC, 2♂, 4♀);  Coral Pink Sand DunesPon- derosa Grovecmpgd. [ 37.088519, -112.672990],  4.ix.1998, R.C. Mower, ( BYUC, 1♀);  Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park,  1.5 milesN of Visitors Center, 37°03’02N 112°42’59W[ 37.050555, -112.716388],  20.vii.2001, D.J. Cavan, K.F. Kuehnl, C.R. Nelson, ( BYUC, 1♀);  40 mi. E. Kanab[ 37.040383, -111.801370],  15.ix.1978, Hanson, Knowlton, ( USUC, 1♀).  Millard Co. 23 mi.W. Delta[ 39.344624, -113.016238],  4900 ft,  4.ix.1965, R.H. and E.M. Painter, ( EMFC, 1♂);  Antelope Mt.[ 38.606799, -112.821891],  viii.10, D.E. Johnson, ( BYUC, 1♀).  Sanpete Co. Antelope Valley, Juniper3, 39.23655°N 111.75351°W[ 39.23655, -111.75351], 5790’,  14-18.viii.2007, R.L. Johnson, E.T. Gardner, Malaise trap( BYUC, 1♂, 1♀).  Uintah Co.  16 mi.SW Vernal[ 40.284702, -109.745145],  5000 ft.,  7.ix.1965, R.H. & E.M. Painter, ( CAS, 1♀).  Wayne Co.E edge Capitol Reef[ 38.282904, -111.142685est.],  16.ix.1979, Parker/ Veirs, ( USUC, 1♂).  Countyunknown. Showell,  20.viii.1932, G.F. Knowlton, ( CAS, 1♀) [given in Box Elder Co., by Nelson 1987]. 2451574996 1930-07-17 CAS Datil N. Mex. Cont'l Divide & T. F. Winburn R. H. Painter Coll. The The 8 409 1 1 holotype 2451574950 1935-07-26 EMFC Brues United States of America Apache Co. 36.15368 Chinle 1 -109.552574 9 410 1 1 Arizona holotype 2451574948 1993-08-18 CSU Kondratieff & Durfee & Fitzgerald United States of America Moffat Co. 40.52014 Echo Park 1 -108.98662 9 410 1 1 Colorado holotype 2451575018 1999-08-08 CSU Mancos & B. Kondratieff & S. Wells & W. Cranshaw & Pineda & Painter United States of America Montezuma Co. 37.098663 Cyn 1 -108.46896 9 410 1 1 Colorado holotype 2451574972 1971-09 USUC United States of America Oneida Co. 42.21337 5 mi. NE Holbrook 1 -112.58402 9 410 24 22 2 Idaho holotype 2451574951 1945-08-15 BYUC United States of America Nye Co. 38.71382 Creek 1 -115.58003 9 410 1 1 Nevada holotype 2451574952 1995-08-24 USNM P. H. Arnaud Jr. & Field Note United States of America Elko Co. 41.116894 Moor 1 -114.815025 Exit 9 410 1 1 Nevada holotype 2451574953 1964-07-22 NMSU, EMFC S. R. Race United States of America Catron Co. Catron Co. 9 410 2 2 New Mexico holotype 2451574961 1930-07-17 CAS, EMFC Continental & T. F. Winburn & R. H. Painter United States of America 10 411 34.144855 Datil 1 -107.84294 9 410 4 3 1 New Mexico holotype 2451575021 1979-09-01 OSAC Lightfoot & Cobb United States of America Harney Co. 42.6034 Harney Co. 6 -118.3815 10 411 1 1 Oregon holotype 2451574959 1979-08-07 OSAC Lightfoot & Cobb United States of America 42.4293 6 -118.4205 10 411 1 1 Oregon holotype 2451574957 1979-08-03 OSAC Cobb United States of America 42.6034 6 -118.3815 10 411 1 1 Oregon holotype 2451574955 1979-09-01 OSAC Lightfoot & Cobb United States of America 42.6034 6 -118.3815 10 411 1 1 Oregon holotype 2451575012 1979-09-05 OSAC Lightfoot & Cobb United States of America 42.4293 6 -118.4205 10 411 1 1 Oregon holotype 2451574978 1981-07-24 USUC Parker & Veirs & Griswold United States of America Emery Co. 38.819847 Sinbad Cntry 1 -110.6943 Block Mt 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574967 2001-07-25 BYUC R. W. Baumann & D. J. Cavan & K. F. Kuehn United States of America Garfield Co. 37.866722 Burr Trail 1 -111.33336 10 411 2 2 Utah holotype 2451574964 2001-08-14 2001-08-16 2001-08-14 BYUC K. A. Clarke & E. C. Green United States of America Grand 37.849724 Mouth of Horse 1 -111.22305 Escalante National Monument 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574969 2000-06-23 BYUC Hwy & R. W. Baumann & D. J. Cavan & Staircase-Escalante National Monument Invertebrate Survey United States of America 37.799442 Calf Creek 15 -111.41432 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574975 1984-08-23 BYUC Hanksville & Nelson United States of America 38.079426 Little Egypt 1 -110.62737 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451575008 1987-08-21 1987-09-29 1987-08-21 BYUC Thompson Pass Road & B. A. Hava & C. R. Nelson United States of America Grand Co. 38.966045 Crescent Jct. 1 -109.81733 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574995 2007-08-14 2007-08-18 2007-08-14 BYUC R. L. Johnson & E. T. Gardner & Malaise United States of America Juab Co. 39.4538 Juniper 1 -111.96674 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574974 [415,1312,764,791] BYUC D. E. Johnson United States of America 39.886223 Antelope Springs 1 -112.698845 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574963 1969-09-23 UCRC Sutienzia United States of America Kane Co. 37.001057 16 mi W Glen Canyon 1 -111.78315 10 411 ENT 458147 1 Utah holotype 2451574976 2000-07-26 2000-08-17 2000-07-26 BYUC E. C. Green & W. N. Mendel & C. R. Nelson United States of America 1775 37.495556 Sheep Creek on Skutumpah Road 1 -112.06555 Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument 10 411 2 2 Utah holotype 2451574966 [560,1099,909,935] 2000-07-17 2000-07-26 2000-07-17 BYUC E. C. Green & W. N. Mendel & C. R. Nelson United States of America 1775 37.495556 Sheep Creek on Skutumpah Road 1 -112.06555 Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument 10 411 6 4 2 Utah holotype 2451574958 1998-09-04 BYUC R. C. Mower United States of America 37.08852 Grove 1 -112.67299 Coral Pink Sand Dunes 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574965 2001-07-20 BYUC D. J. Cavan & K. F. Kuehnl & C. R. Nelson United States of America 37.050556 Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park 1 -112.716385 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574973 1978-09-15 USUC E. Kanab & Hanson & Knowlton United States of America 37.040382 1 -111.80137 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451575011 1965-09-04 EMFC R. H. and E. M. Painter United States of America Millard Co. 1494 39.344624 Delta 1 -113.016235 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574970 [407,1284,1088,1115] 2010-08 BYUC D. E. Johnson United States of America 38.6068 Antelope Mt. 1 -112.82189 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451575023 2007-08-14 2007-08-18 2007-08-14 BYUC R. L. Johnson & E. T. Gardner United States of America 39.23655 Juniper 1 -111.75351 Sanpete Co. Antelope Valley 10 411 2 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574971 1965-09-07 CAS R. H. & E. M. Painter United States of America Uintah Co. 1524 40.284702 16 mi. SW Vernal 1 -109.74515 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574968 1979-09-16 USUC Parker & Veirs United States of America Wayne Co. 38.282906 Capitol Reef 1 111.142685 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574962 [593,1358,1233,1259] 1932-08-20 CAS G. F. Knowlton United States of America Showell County 10 411 1 1 Utah holotype 2451574960 United States of America Box Elder Co. Box Elder Co. 10 411 1 Utah holotype