An annotated checklist of the land snail family Orthalicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea) in Ecuador, with notes on the distribution of the mainland species
Breure, Abraham S. H.
Borrero, Francisco J.
Zootaxa
2008
1768
1
40
Albers, 1850
Albers
1850
[238,520,431,457]
Gastropoda
Orthalicidae
Naesiotus
GBIF
Animalia
Stylommatophora
9
10
Mollusca
genus
Typespecies: Bulimus nuxBroderip, 1832. Distribution: West Indies, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia. Remarks: Although some authors have listed the species of Naesiotusfrom the Galápagos as Bulimulus (Naesiotus), we have chosen to follow the classification as given in the most recent revision of the subfamily ( Breure 1979). Most species of the Galápagos are highly endangered and several are considered extinct. See the actual list on http://www.iucnredlist.org (they are all listed under Bulimulus). There are a number of species described by Coppois (1985), but not according to the ICZN-rules; these are considered to be manuscript names and have not been listed here. Synonyms provided by Richardson (1995)have been mentioned under remarks, although his decisions remain unclear by lack of any explanatory notes. Awaiting a further revision of the Galápagos species we have chosen to give here only the typelocality and the depository of the primary typematerial, if known. The distribution is based on the available data as given by Parent (2003) and Seddon (1996, 2000). 34. Naesiotus achatinellus(Forbes, 1850) Typelocality: Chatham Island. Holotype BMNH1855.4.5.25. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristóbal; IslaEspañola. Remarks: According to Köhler (2007: 136)it is unknown on how many specimens the description is based. He stated that Forbes did not explicitly designate a holotypeand therefore considered the specimen in the Berlin museum as a syntype. According to the label, the BMNH-specimen is the holotype. 35. Naesiotus adelphus(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: Indefatigable Island. Holotype CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. 36. Naesiotus akamatus(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: Indefatigable Island. Holotype CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. 37. Naesiotus albemarlensis(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: Galápagos, near Villamil, 700–1000 m. Holotype CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaIsabela, near Puerto Villamil [ 00° 56' 00" S 091° 01' 00" W]. 38. Naesiotus alethorhytidus(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: Indefatigable Island, 105– 120 m. Holotype CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. 39. Naesiotus amastroides(Ancey, 1887) Type locality: Galapagos Islands. Dall described in 1893 a variety, Bulimulus (Naesiotus) amastroides anceyi, from “Chatham Island, 488 m”. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristobal. 40. Naesiotus approximatus(Dall, 1900) Typelocality: Galápagos, Hood Island. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaEspañola. 41. Naesiotus bauri(Dall, 1893) Typelocality: Galápagos, SW end of Chatham Island. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristobal. 42. Naesiotus blombergi(Odhner, 1951) Typelocality: Galápagos, Santa Cruz Island, 200– 300m. Holotype NRS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. Remarks: Richardson (1995)considers Naesiotus deroyiA.G. Smith, 1972as a synonym. 43. Naesiotus calvus(Sowerby, 1833) Typelocality: Galapagos, James I[sland]. Dall & Ochsner (1928)described the variety caryonisfrom Charles Island, 230 m. Holotype CAS1686. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSan Salvador; IslaFloreana. 44. Naesiotus canaliferus(Reibisch, 1892) Type locality: [Galápagos,] Chatham Island. Lectotype ZMB 47948a (designated by Köhler 2007: 137, Fig. 46). Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristobal. 45. Naesiotus cavagnaroiA.G. Smith, 1972 Typelocality: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz, 7 kmNE Santa Rosa. Holotype CAS13738. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. Remarks: Richardson (1995)considers Naesiotus gilderoyi(Van Mol, 1972)as a synonym. 46. Naesiotus chemnitzoides(Forbes, 1850) Typelocality: Galápagos, Chatham Island. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristobal. 47. Naesiotus cinerarius(Dall, 1917) New name for Bulimulus (Naesiotus) cinereus Reibisch, 1892 not Bulimus cinereus Reeve, 1848. Type locality: [Galápagos,] James Island. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Salvador. 48. Naesiotus cucullinus(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: Galápagos, Hood Island, 60– 180 m. Syntypes CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaEspañola. 49. Naesiotus curtus(Reibisch, 1892) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Chatham Island. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristobal. 50. Naesiotus cymatias(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: Galápagos, Indefatigable Island, 120– 200 m. Syntypes CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. 51. Naesiotus darwini(Pfeiffer, 1846) Typelocality: Galapagos Islands. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSantiago. According to Parent (2003) five subpopulations are known on the island and total range area is likely to be less than 2000 km2. The species is found throughout the humid zone on Santiago Island. 52. Naesiotus deroyiA.G. Smith, 1972 Type locality: Galápagos, Isla Santa Cruz, on the NW side, 264 m. Holotype CAS 13730. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla Santa Cruz. 53. Naesiotus duncanus(Dall, 1893) Typelocality: Galapagos Island, Duncan Island. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaPinzón. 54. Naesiotus elaeodes(Dall, 1917) Type locality: Galapagos, Albemarle Island, near Banks Bay, 455–700 m. Syntypes CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla Isabela. 55. Naesiotus eosOdhner, 1951 Typelocality: Galapagos, Santa Cruz Island. Holotype NRS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. Remarks: Richardson (1995)considers Naesiotus scalesianaA.G. Smith, 1972as a synonym. 56. Naesiotus eschariferus(Sowerby, 1833) Typelocality: Galapagos. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristóbal. The species is known only from one location with a range size of approximately 3 km2. The range was probably greater sometime in the past as suggested by the numerous empty shells found on that island (Parent 2003). 57. Naesiotus florschuetzi Breure, 1978 Typelocality: Ecuador, Prov. El Oro, 50 kmN Santa Rosa. Holotype FLMNH22772. Distribution: El Oro, 50 kmN Santa Rosa ( FLMNH22772, 22773/45 paratypes; RMNH55184/10 paratypes)*; Guayas, 4 kmN Palmar ( FLMNH139089)*. 58. Naesiotus galapaganus(Pfeiffer, 1855) Typelocality: Galapagos Islands. Lectotype BMNH1975146 ( Breure 1979). Distribution: Galápagos, IslaFloreana (see Parent 2003). 59. Naesiotus gilderoyi(Van Mol, 1972) Type locality: Galápagos, Santa Cruz, à proximité du Cerro Coralon [near Cerro Coralon]. Holotype IRSN. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla Santa Cruz. Restricted to a single highland valley (Anonymous 2006). 60. Naesiotus habeli(Dall, 1892) Typelocality: Galapagos. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristóbal(see Parent, 2003). 61. Naesiotus hemaerodes(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: Galapagos, Albemarle Island, Cowley Mountains, 640– 700 m. Syntypes CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaIsabela; IslaFernandina (see Parent 2003). 62. Naesiotus hirsutusVagvolgyi, 1977 Typelocality: Ecuador, Archipiélago de Colón [Galápagos], Santa Cruz Island, on southern slope, 4 kmN Puerto Ayora, 120– 135 m. Holotype USNM757715. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. It is known from only one population with a range of less 2 km2. The range was probably greater in the past as suggested by empty shells found on the ground. The total area of suitable habitat available for this species is likely to be less than 100 km2 (Parent 2003). 63. Naesiotus hoodensis(Dall, 1900) Typelocality: Galapagos, Hood Island. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaEspañola. 64. Naesiotus indefatigabilis(Dall, 1900) Typelocality: Galapagos, James and Indefatigable Islands. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSan Salvador. According to Parent (2003) this species is restricted to one small population of IslaSantiago [= San Salvador]. 65. Naesiotus jacobi(Sowerby, 1833) Typelocality: Galapagos, James Island. A probable syntype( ZMB10283) is figured by Köhler 2007. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSan Salvador. Restricted to two subpopulations, with a range less than 10 km2, on IslaSantiago [= San Salvador] (Parent 2003). 66. Naesiotus jervisensis(Dall & Ochsner, 1917) Typelocality: Galapagos, Jervis Island, 270– 300 m. Syntypes CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaRábida. 67. Naesiotus kublerensisChambers, 1986 Type locality: [Galápagos,] Santa Cruz, Island, Cueva de Kubler. Holotype USNM 842298. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla Santa Cruz. 68. Naesiotus lycodus(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Indefatigable Island, 135– 165 m. Syntypes CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. 69. Naesiotus nesioticus(Dall, 1896) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] James Island. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSan Salvador. Six subpopulations on the island of which the population size fluctuates widely from year to year (Parent 2003). Remarks: Dall (1920: 121)emended the name to naesioticus. 70. Naesiotus nucula(Pfeiffer, 1854) Type locality: Galapagos Islands. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristobal; Isla Floreana (Parent 2003). 71. Naesiotus nux(Broderip, 1832) Typelocality: Galapagos, Charles Island. Lectotype BMNH1975172 ( Breure 1979). Junior synonyms for which typematerial is known are: Bulimus incrassatusPfeiffer, 1853( Lectotype BMNH1975157; Breure 1979), Bulimus nuciformisPetit, 1853( Lectotype MNHN; Breure 1976) and Bulimus verrucosusPfeiffer, 1855( Lectotype BMNH1975168; Breure 1979). Dall & Ochsner (1928)described two subspecies for the populations from Isla San Cristóbal: Bulimulus (Naesiotus) nux basiplicatus( Syntypes CAS) and Bulimulus (Naesiotus) nux perchloris( Syntypes CAS). A variety for which no typematerial is known to exist is Bulimus asperatusAlbers, 1857. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristóbal; IslaFloreana. Four subpopulations known, with a total area less than 20 km2 (Parent 2003). 72. Naesiotus ochseneri(Dall, 1893) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Indefatigable Island, 60– 200 m. Syntypes CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. Only one population known, with a range of less than 10 km2 (Parent 2003). 73. Naesiotus olla(Dall, 1893) Dall published it as a new name for Bulimus jacobiReeve, 1848not Bulinus jacobiSowerby, 1833. Typelocality: [Galápagos,] James Island. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSan Salvador. Two subpopulations, each of less than 200 individuals, with a total area of occupancy probably less than 5 km2 (Parent 2003). 74. Naesiotus pallidus(Reibisch, 1892) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Albemarle Island. Lectotype ZMB47951a (designated and figured by Köhler 2007: 138, Fig. 54). Distribution: Galápagos, IslaIsabela; IslaPinta (Parent 2003). Remarks: Considered by Richardson (1995)to be a synonym of Naesiotus jacobi(Reeve, 1848). 75. Naesiotus perrus(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Narborough Island, rim of the crater, 60– 150 m. Syntypes CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaFernandina. Single population at the summit of the island (Parent 2003). 76. Naesiotus perspectivus(Pfeiffer, 1846) Typelocality: Locality unknown. Lectotype BMNH1975166 ( Breure 1979); “Galapagos” as locality mentioned on label. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristóbal; IslaFloreana. 77. Naesiotus pinzonensisVagvolgyi, 1977 Typelocality: Archipiélago de Colón [Galápagos], Pinzón Island, northern and western cliffs of main peak, 425– 455 m. Holotype USNM757718. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaPinzón. 78. Naesiotus pinzonopsisVagvolgyi, 1977 Typelocality: Archipiélago de Colón [Galápagos], Pinzón Island, northern and western cliffs of main peak, 425– 455 m. Holotype USNM757719. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaPinzón. 79. Naesiotus planospira(Ancey, 1887) Type locality: [Galápagos,] Chatham Island. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristóbal; Isla Floreana; Isla Gardner; Isla Campion (Parent 2003). 80. Naesiotus prepinguisVagvolgyi, 1977 Typelocality: Archipiélago de Colón [Galápagos], Pinzón Island, secondary peak, 263 m, north of the crater. Holotype USNM757720. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaPinzón. 81. Naesiotus quitensis(Pfeiffer, 1848) Typelocality: Quito. Lectotype BMNH1975320 ( Breure 1979). Bulimus catlowiaePfeiffer, 1853is a junior synonym of this species; the lectotypeis also in the BMNH-collection ( BMNH1975414). Other synonyms are Bulimus irregularisPfeiffer, 1848, also from Quito ( syn. nov.) and Bulimus caliginosusReeve, 1849( syn. nov.). Distribution: Carchi, 35 kmN Ibarra on the road to El Angel, 1700 m( RMNH)*; Chimborazo, Riobamba ( FLMNH); S of Cajabamba ( FLMNH176545)*; Cerro de Altar ( Pilsbry 1897: 33); Imbabura, 9.4 km N Ibarra ( FLMNH189112, 189113)*; Otavalo (Pilsbry 1896: 159); Cerro Imbabura; Chota ( MCZ113825);?”Salinas Ibarre, 1659 m, coll. Stübel” ( Pilsbry 1897: 34); Napo, slopes of Mt. Antisana ( FMNH70905, 107553); Pastaza, Cerros de Abitagua ( FMNH125462);?Río Pastaza, 3.2 km above Falls Agougou ( ZMH7373);?banks of Río Pastaza ( ZMH7374) [both localities not located in the GNS gazetteer]; Pichincha, “near Quito” ( BMNH1975321/1 paralectotypeof Bulimus catlowiaePfeiffer). Quito ( CMCC11759, as B. catlowiaePfeiffer; FLMNH; MCZ0 74513, 140390; ZMZ512411); 14.5 km NW Quito ( FMNH146936, RMNH); slopes Cerro Pichincha ( FMNH86651, 86652, 125440, 125442, 125444, 125464, 158902; MCZ0 65114, 0 65115, 118581); Pomasqui ( FLMNH); 13.9 km W Pifo ( FLMNH37396)*; Cayambe ( FLMNH37394, 37395)*; Tumbaco; Guaillabamba (both Pilsbry, 1897: 34); 1 kmW Mitad del Mundo, 2400 m( RMNH)*; 22.6 km NNE Quito at the road to Cayambe, 2200 m( RMNH)*; Chimba, 3 kmE Olmedo ( FMNH223385, 223386, 223387)*; Cumbayá, 9.6 km NE Quito ( MCZ083922); above Chillogallo ( Pilsbry 1897: 33); Tungurahua, 8 kmN San Antonio ( FLMNH39904)*; Ambato ( Pilsbry 1897: 35; MCZ045823); Cerro Cachigani near Ambato ( FMNH216992); Píllaro ( FLMNH; FMNH86654, 86686; MCZ118583); Puñapi ( MCZ155442); Baños ( FMNH125482, 126162, 125700, 126207, 216987; MCZ115666); Río Agoyán falls ( FMNH72346, 125472, 126183, 126239; MCZ173383). Remarks: This is a rather widespread and quite variable species, for which several subspecies have been described: Naesiotus quitensis ambatensisRehder, 1940 Typelocality: Tunguragua, Ambato. Holotype: USNM473973, paratypes MCZ0 70604. Naesiotus quitensis antisanaRehder, 1942 Typelocality: Napo, slopes of Mt. Antisana. Holotype USNM516940, paratypes FMNH86659, 125369, 125371, 126188, 126988. Naesiotus quitensis jacksoniRehder, 1940 Typelocality: Pichincha, Guaillabamba. Holotype USNM473969, paratypes FMNH86661, 158913, 306498.? Paratypes MCZ118582. Naesiotus quitensis orinusRehder, 1940 Typelocality: Chimborazo, near Riobamba, 3650 m. Holotype USNM473971, paratypes FMNH86660, 125402, 126268, 158871.? Paratypes MCZ118580. Naesiotus quitensis rufescens(Germain, 1910) Typelocality: Pichincha, Tumbaco. It is also mentioned from “Cujuja”, which we have been unable to locate. Naesiotus quitensis vermiculatusRehder, 1940 Typelocality: Tungurahua, Agoyán. Holotype MCZ 112473, paratypes FMNH126269, MCZ0 64957. 82. Naesiotus rabidensis(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Jervis Island, 275– 300 m. Syntypes CAS. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaRábida. 83. Naesiotus reibischii(Dall, 1895) Type locality: [Galápagos,] Indefatigable Island. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla Santa Cruz. Single population with a range of probably not more than 10 km2 (Parent 2003). 84. Naesiotus rugatinus(Dall, 1917) New name for Bulimulus acutusReibisch, 1892not Leach, 1814. Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Chatham Island. Lectotype ZMB47964a (designated and figured by Köhler 2007: 136, Fig. 44). Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristóbal; IslaFloreana (Parent 2003). 85. Naesiotus rugiferus(Sowerby, 1833) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] James Island. Lectotype BMNH1975178 ( Breure 1979). Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz; San Salvador(Parent 2003). Remarks: Köhler (2007)figures a probable paralectotype. 86. Naesiotus rugulosus(Sowerby, 1838?) Type locality: Galapagos. Lectotype BMNH 1975176 (Breure 1979); “Chatham Island” as locality on the label. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla San Cristóbal; Isla Floreana; Isla Pinta (Parent 2003). 87. Naesiotus saeronius(Dall, 1917) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Indefatigable Island. Holotype USNM274097. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. Remark: Parent (2003) mentions this species as being a synonym of Naesiotus rugiferus(Sowerby, 1833)in the summary, despite that otherwise she treats saeroniusas a distinct species. 88. Naesiotus sculpturatus(Pfeiffer, 1846) Typelocality: Galapagos. Lectotype BMNH1975174 ( Breure 1979). Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSan Salvador; it is only known from one population found in a small area near a natural fresh water source. There are probably no more than 200 individuals on a total range less than 1 km2 (Parent 2003). 89. Naesiotus simrothi(Reibisch, 1892) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Albemarle Island. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaIsabela. 90. Naesiotus snodgrassi(Dall, 1900) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Hood Island. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaEspañola. 91. Naesiotus steadmaniChambers, 1986 Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Santa Cruz, Cueva de Kubler. Holotype CAS59358. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. 92. Naesiotus tanneri(Dall, 1895) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Indefatigable Island. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. May already be extinct (Parent 2003). Naesiotus tanneri bartolomensisVagvolgyi, 1977 Typelocality: [Galápagos], off Santiago Island, Bartolomé Island, at western foot of main peak. Holotype USNM757717. Naesiotus tanneri edenensisVagvolgyi, 1977 Typelocality: [Galápagos], off Santa Cruz Island, Eden Island, on southern slope, 30– 45 m. Holotype USNM757716. 93. Naesiotus tortuganus(Dall, 1893) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] South Albemarle Island, La Tortuga. Distribution: Galápagos, IslaIsabela. It is known from only one population at the top of Darwin Volcano (Parent 2003). 94. Naesiotus trogonius(Dall, 1917) Type locality: [Galápagos,] Albemarle Island, 400 m. Holotype USNM 274096. Distribution: Galápagos, Isla Isabela. 95. Naesiotus unifasciatus(Sowerby, 1833) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Charles Island. Lectotype BMNH1975187 ( Breure 1979). Distribution: Galápagos, no further data known (see Seddon 2000). 96. Naesiotus ustulatus(Sowerby, 1833) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Charles Island. A probable syntypeis in the Berlin museum ( ZMB10239) and figured by Köhler 2007. Another syntype, originating from the Cuming collection, is in the Hamburg museum and labelled “Galapagos” ( ZMH7377). Syntypesof Bulimulus (Naesiotus) ustulatus pallescens Dall & Ochsner, 1928are in the CAScollection. Distribution: Galápagos, no further data known (see Seddon 1996). 97. Naesiotus ventrosus(Reibisch, 1892) Type locality: Barrington Island. Lectotype ZMB 47949a (designated and figured by Köhler 2007: 138, Fig. 57) Distribution: Galápagos, Isla Santa Fe? 98. Naesiotus wolfi(Reibisch, 1892) Typelocality: [Galápagos,] Indefatigable Island. Lectotype ZMB47950 (designated and figured by Köhler 2007: 140, Fig. 59) Distribution: Galápagos, IslaSanta Cruz. It is known from one population with a very restricted distribution (less than 2 km2). Population size is no more than 500 indivduals (Parent 2003). Remarks: Richardson (1995)considers this taxon to be synonymous with Naesiotus reibischii(Dall, 1895).