Waterhouse, 1874 : 7
Parry 1875 : 22
Felsche 1898 : 78
Van Roon 1910 : 52
Mjöberg 1916 : 14
Didier 1937 : 30
Nagel 1939 : 1
Didier & Séguy 1953 : 182
Benesh 1960 : 27
Parry 1875 : 22
Maes 1992 : 39
Moore & Cassis 1992 : 10
Krajcik 2001 : 12
Krajcik 2003 : 81
Mjöberg, 1916 : 13
Nagel 1939 : 1
Didier & Séguy 1953 : 183
Benesh 1960 : 29
Maes 1992 : 41
Moore & Cassis 1992 : 11
Krajcik 2001 : 13
Krajcik 2003 : 84
De Lisle, 1967 : 542
Lacroix 1980 : 126
Bomans 1989 : 14
Maes 1992 : 38
Moore & Cassis 1992 : 9
Krajcik 2001 : 10
Krajcik 2003 : 77
Fujita 2010 : 387
Revision of the Australian species of Figulus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)
Monte, Cinzia
Zilioli, Michele
Bartolozzi, Luca
Zootaxa
2016
4189
3
447
484
6HZTH
Waterhouse, 1874
Waterhouse
1874
[151,557,655,682]
Insecta
Lucanidae
Figulus
Animalia
Coleoptera
10
457
Arthropoda
species
nitens
Figulus nitens Waterhouse, 1874: 7; Parry 1875: 22; Felsche 1898: 78; Van Roon 1910: 52; Mjöberg 1916: 14; Didier 1937: 30; Nagel 1939: 1; Didier & Séguy 1953: 182; Benesh 1960: 27; Parry 1875: 22; Maes 1992: 39; Moore & Cassis 1992: 10; Krajcik 2001: 12; Krajcik 2003: 81; Maes 2014; Schoolmeesters 2015. Figulus tambourinensis Mjöberg, 1916: 13; Nagel 1939: 1; Didier & Séguy 1953: 183; Benesh 1960: 29; Maes 1992: 41; Moore & Cassis 1992: 11; Krajcik 2001: 13; Krajcik 2003: 84; Maes 2014; Schoolmeesters 2015. New synonymy. Figulus howei De Lisle, 1967: 542; Lacroix 1980: 126; Bomans 1989: 14; Maes 1992: 38; Moore & Cassis 1992: 9; Krajcik 2001: 10; Krajcik 2003: 77; Fujita 2010: 387; Maes 2014; Schoolmeesters 2015. New synonymy.
Type material. Figulus nitensWaterhouse: Lectotype here designated: Lectotype: “TYPE / SP. [printed]”, “ Figulus/ nitens, C. Waterh./ (Type) Ent. M. Mag. 16/4[handwritten]”, “Ex Musaeo / Parry [printed]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL. R OBERTHÜR [printed]”, [MNHN]; Paralectotypes: 1 paralectotype: “Moreton / Bay [handwritten]”, F. nitens/ var. n. Holl / Waterhouse [h]”, Ex Musaeo / Parry [printed]”, MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL R OBERTHÜR [printed]” [MNHN]; 1 paralectotype: F. ni t e n s/ Water. [handwritten]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL R OBERTHÜR [printed]” [MNHN]. Figulus howeiDe Lisle(Ƌ): “Holotypus / M.O. de Lisle nom. 1967 [printed]”, “Lord Howe Island / (New South Wales) [handwritten]”, “TYPE [printed]”, “ Figulus/ howeim. / M.O. de Lisle det. [printed, handwritten]” [MHNG]. Figulus tambourinensisMjöberg: Lectotype here designated: Lectotype male: “Mt. Tam / bourine [printed]”, “Queensl. / Mjöberg [printed]”, “8303 [printed]”, “RiksMuseum / Stockholm [printed]”, “ tambourinensis/ Mjöb. [handwritten]” [NHRS]; Paralectotype: 1 paralectotype: “Type [printed]”, “Mt. Tam / bourine [printed]”, “Queensl. / Mjöberg [printed]”, “8302 / E91+ [printed]”, “RiksMuseum / Stockholm [printed]”, “ Figulus tambourinensis[handwritten]” [NHRS].
Diagnosis. Figulus nitensdiffers from the all other described members of the genus in Australiaby the shape of the mentum, which has two small tubercles at sides near the base, and by the shape of male genitalia.
Redescription.Measurements:size range ( n= 110): TL: 11.0– 16.9 mm; PL: 2.8 3–4.50 mm; EL: 6.21–9.50 mm; PW: 3.58–5.62 mm; EW: 3.66–5.70 mm. Male( Fig. 12). Body elongate, with subparallel sides, from black or dark brown to reddish brown, glossy. Head:transverse, about twice as wide as long, slightly depressed. Frontoclypeal region slightly concave at the anterior margin, finely punctate and with two small glossy areas situated before the eyes. Labrum broad with anterior margin slightly convex, moderately protruding, and with long, golden setae. Vertex slightly concave in the middle, inclined anteriorly; with two small, transversal elevations. Two longitudinal carinae, moderately developed, are present along the inner margin of eyes. Eyes large, divided into two parts by the canthi, the upper part smaller than the lower, with distinct facets. Canthus largely protruding, rounded laterally and directed obliquely inwards behind, slightly depressed and smooth upper surface, with a few minute punctures on the lateral margin. Head surface smooth, glossy, finely and sparsely punctate. Mandibles a few shorter than head, strong and asymmetrical, rounded, apices slightly blunted and curved upwards; upper surface at base slightly elevated. Internal margin of the right mandible with a moderately developed basal tooth and a medial strong tooth, with apex blunted directed inwards. Internal margin of the left mandible with a moderately developed basal tooth, a medial tooth and a preapical slight angulation moderately developed. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, with scape slightly shorter than the remaining antennomeres; club of last three antennomeres, which are flatter and broader than the remaining antennomeres of the funicle. Mentumsubrectangular ( Fig. 13), medially concave, with anterior margin slightly bilobed and with sides almost right or slightly rounded, elevated. Base feebly concave in the middle forming a slightly, elevated process, feebly bilobed anteriorly and reaching the half of the mentum. Two small tubercles, moderately developed, at sides. Surface strongly punctate, rugose in the middle. FIGURES 12‒15. Figulus nitensWaterhouse.12, dorsal view of adult (scale bar: 5 mm); 13, mentum; 14, male genitalia, dorsal view (scale bar: 0.5 mm); 15, male genitalia, lateral view. Thorax: pronotum subrectangular, with subparallel sides; anterior margin slightly convex, moderately elevated, with a small, blunt medial tubercle and a shallow depression on anterolateral margins; posterior margin slightly bisinuate; anterior angles produced with rounded anterior margin; posterior angles largely rounded. Superficial longitudinal medial groove, deeper in the middle with some large, circular punctures. Pronotal surface glossy, finely and sparsely punctate on the disc, densely punctate around the medial tubercle; sides with dense and large punctures. A patch of large close punctures at midway on the sides. Scutellum subtriangular, surface smooth and glossy. Elytra at base a few narrower than prothorax, and about twice as long as pronotum. Base concave, subparallel sides, apex regularly rounded. Humeral angles acute, with a small tubercle. Elytral surface glossy, with 9 visible subparallel striae, the dorsal striae deeper than the lateral striae. Stria 1 is deep and the only stria reaching apex; formed by a row of large, confluent punctures. Striae 2‒4 formed by a row of large, confluent punctures except at apex; stria 5 as striae 2‒4, but in the posterior stria the punctures are well separated from each other; stria 6 formed by a row of large punctures well separated from each other. Interstriae much larger than striae, slightly convex and finely punctate. Elytral margins and apex strongly punctate, with short, erect, red setae. Wings present. Legs thin and straight. Protibiae with strong, elongate apical fork, and a long, strong spur internally at apex; lateral margin with 4‒5 small teeth, increasing in size distally. Mesotibiae with 4 long, acute, apical teeth, and 2 apical spurs, 1 larger than the other; lateral margin with strong submedial tooth, preceded by 1‒2 smaller teeth. Metatibiae with 4 acute, apical teeth, and 2 long apical spurs, 1 larger than the other; lateral margin with strong submedial tooth, preceded by a smaller tooth. Prosternum subpentagonal in shape behind the coxae, surface with large and deep punctures at anterior edge and with smaller punctures medially and at posterior edge. Metasternum smooth, with a long medial groove, deeper at its posterior edge; sides of metasternum with some horse-shoe shaped, superficial hollows with a short, golden seta in the middle. Abdomen: first abdominal ventrite with some horse-shoe shaped, superficial hollows with a short, golden seta in the middle. The other ventrites finely punctate, with some larger punctures at sides. Last ventrite with scattered, large punctures, finer at posterior margin. Male genitalia: penis broad at base, strongly narrowed at apex, with a constriction before the latter ( Fig. 14), in dorsal view broader than parameres, slightly sinuose in lateral view, strongly bent at base close to articulation with basal piece. Permanently everted internal sac drawn out into an exceedingly long (several times the tegmen length), broad, colorless or yellow flagellum tapering towards apex. Parameres short ( Figs. 14–15) with marginal fringe of short setae entirely enclosed in the cuticle (not represented in figure). Basal piece long, about 2.5 times the length of paramere; ventrally largely membranous, dorsally sclerotized, with a moderately large, elongate sclerotic area along midline. Two long, slender struts run along basal piece, from penis articulation to slightly beyond the base of the lobed expansion of basal piece ( Figs. 14–15). Female.All external morphological characters as in male. Female genitalia: hemisternites elongate, separed by 2 small, pigmented patch triangularly shaped; apically with long, golden setae, surrounding the styli; anteriorly broad up to about half of their length and close to the base; outer edge notched; medial edge strongly indented; styli slender, slightly longer than wide, slightly curved outwards. Bursa copulatrix represented by a slight expansion of the wall of spermathecal duct near junction with the median oviduct. Spermathecal duct long ending in a bulbous subcircular expansion proximally colorless then pigmented in the total length; spermathecal gland colorless, small, bulbous, with short duct. Intraspecific variation.The specimens examined do not show significant morphological variability except for the size of body (see section “Measurements”).
Additional material examined. Australia[state unknown]: 1 specimen, comparé au type(= compared to type), ex Musaeo Mniszech, 6659, H.E.Bomans BMNH( E) 1999-248, 406659 (handwritten) ( NHM). AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY: 1 specimen, Mount Ainslie Australian Capital Territory, 28.X.1967, P.B.Carne( ANIC); 1 specimen, Canberra, 31.III.1964, C.G.L.Gooding, C.G.L.Gooding Collection, donated to A.N. I.C.1979, 8632 (handwritten), H.E.Bomans BMNH(E) 1999-248, 408632 (handwritten) ( NHM); 2 specimens, Reid, 19.IX.1960, 705, bred from yellow box log, K.M.L. Key( ANIC). NEW SOUTH WALES: 1 specimen, N.S.Wales, ex Musaeo Möllenkamp 1913, Muséum Paris 1952 Collection R. Oberthür( MNHN); 1 specimen, New South Wales, Muséum Paris1952, Collection R.Oberthür ( MNHN); 1♀, Barrington Tops, 23.I.1927, T.G.Campbell, T 59842, K 293086 (AMS); 1 specimen, Barrington Tops, 13.I. 1947, 500 feet, R.Calven, H.Hughes& A.Musgrave, K 293087 (AMS); 1 specimen, Barrington Tops, Macleay Museum University of Sydney 2006 Australia, 11378 (handwritten), H.E.Bomans BMNH( E) 1999-248, 411378 (handwritten) ( NHM); 1 specimen, Barrington Tops State Forest, 31°54'13''S, 151°27'59''E, Gummi Falls, 6–15.I.1999, M.Yee, R.B.Halliday, K.Pullen, & K.Hebbard, at light, open forest ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Belanglo State Forest, 34°32'S, 150°14'E, 18.VIII.1990, Tom Gush, under bark cut tree, Tom Gush Collection2347, Macleay Museum Universityof Sydney2006 Australia, 16679 (handwritten), H.E.Bomans BMNH(E) 1999-248, 416679 (handwritten) ( NHM); 1Ƌ, Mount Belmore State Forest, NBelmore Road, via Busbys Flat, 4.I. 1999, 300 m, 99:19Ƌ, mv light ( ANIC); 1Ƌ, Mount Belmore State Forest, T-Ridge Rd, via Busbys Flat, 4.XII. 1998, 500 m, 98:686 Ƌ, S.G.Watkins, mv light, S.G.Watkins Collection, donated 2001 ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Blue Mountains, ex Collection Australian Museum( ANIC); 1 specimen, Blue Mountains, Mount Wilson, 19.XII.1986, D.K.McAlpine, R.deKeyzer, & B.J.Day, K 293094 (AMS); 1Ƌ, 1♀, Broulee, 13.I.1963, in Casuarina, D.Carne( ANIC); 1 specimen, Bungabee State Forest, SEKyogle, 10.XII.1996, mv light, S.G.Watkins, mv light, S.G.Watkins Collectiondonated 2001 ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Cabbage Tree Creek, Clyde Mountain, 26.X.1982, Doyen& Lawrence, under bark of rotten logs ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Cambridge Plateau Richmond Range State Forest, WNW Casino, 15.XI.1996, mv light, 96:567 Ƌ, S.G.Watkins, S.G.Watkins Collection, donated 2001 ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Chiswick, 16 kmS Armidale, 18.II.1980, light trap, M.R.Portor( ANIC); 1 specimen, Fortis Creek State Forest, NGrafton, 13.XI.1996, mv light, S.G.Watkins, S.G.Watkins Collection, donated 2001 ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Glen Innes, Prisonfarm, VII.1969- XII.1970, Universityof New England Collection donated 1983 ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Gordon, Sydney, XI.1989, J.A.Walker, R.deKeyzer Insect Collection, K293327 (AMS); 1 specimen, Helensburgh, Sydney[error on original label], 16.VIII.1992, R.deKeyzer, R.deKeyzer Insect Collection, K293328 (AMS); 1♀, Mackellar Range Road, Bungabee State Forest, 15 kmSE Kyogle, 25.X.1999, S.G.Watkins, mv light, S.G.Watkins Collection, donated 2001 ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Mooney Mooney Creek, near Gosford, 5.XII.1976, D.K.McAlpine, K 293092 (AMS); 1♀, Ogilvie Trail, Banyabba Nature Reserve, SSW Whiporie, 130 m, 27.XI.2000, S.G.Watkins, mv light, S.G.Watkins Collection, donated 2001 ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Ourimbah, Sydney[error on original label], 25.II.1925, W.W.Froggatt, W.W.Froggatt Collection( ANIC); 1♀, Pennefathers Road, Cherry Tree State Forestvia Casino, 26.XII.1996, mv light, S.G.Watkins, S.G.Watkins Collection, donated 2001 ( ANIC); 1Ƌ, 2♀, 5 specimens, Penrose State Forest, 6.V.1972, D.A.Doolan, D.A.Doolan Collection, K 293089, K 293090, K 293091, K 293093, K 293124, K 293125, and K 293126 (AMS); 1 specimen, Platypus Flat, camping area, Nymboi-Binderay National Park, 21.XII.2000, R.deKeyzer, R.deKeyzer Insect Collection, K293329 (AMS); 1Ƌ, 1♀, Powerful Owl Reserve, Girard State Forest, Wof Drake, 7.XII.1998‒ 8.I. 1999, 690 m, 98:758Ƌ, S.G.Watkins, mv light, S.G.Watkins Collection, donated 2001 (ANIC); 1 specimen, Sea Acres Reserve, Port Macquarie, 3–4.IX.1970, K.R.Pullen( ANIC); 1 specimen, Track Wof Sunnyside Ridge Road, near Bungleboori, picnic area, Newnes State Forest, 1.I.2011, at mv light, R.deKeyzer & A.Scott, K 293330 (AMS); 1 specimen, Tarago, 20.XII.1967, W.J.M.Vestjens( ANIC); 1 specimen, Taralga, Dr.Broom. 99-130, BMNH(E) # 607752 (NHM); 1Ƌ, 1♀, Wadsworth Trailat Potoroo Road, Dingo State Forest, 4.XII.1995‒ 24.I.1996, mv light, 95:1097Ƌ, S.G.Watkins Collection, donated 2001 (ANIC). QUEENSLAND: 1 specimen, Mount Glorious State Forest, XI–XII.1986, ex Argyrodendron actinophyllum, Y.Basset Collection( ANIC); 1 specimen, Mount Tamborine, H.J.Carter Collection P. 20.4.22, COL- 85977 ( NMVM); 1 specimen, Mount Tamborine, National Museum Victoria, COL-85853 ( NMVM). VICTORIA: 1 specimen, Bendoc, I.1938, F.E.Wilson Collection, COL-85166 ( NMVM); 1 specimen, Launching Place, I.1919, C.Oke, COL-86014 ( NMVM); 1 specimen, Moe, 15.IX.1945, C.G.L.Gooding, C.G.L.Gooding Collection, donated to A.N. I.C.1979 ( ANIC); 4 specimens, Moe, 4.IX.1954, C.G.L.Gooding, C.G.L.Gooding Collection, donated to A.N. I.C.1979 ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Tyers River, IX.1973, T.Brown, C.G.L.Gooding Collection, donated to A.N. I.C.1979 ( ANIC); 1 specimen, Warragul, V.1962, J.M., C.G.L.Gooding Collection, donated to A.N. I.C.1979 ( ANIC). LORD HOWE ISLAND: 1♀, Lord Howe Island, 11–14.V.2003, rotting Howea belmoreanawet forest, slope east of golf course, C.Reid, K 187452( AMS); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, 21–30.I.1965, G.Bornemissza, ex Collection L.Bartolozzi, 11089, H.E.Bomans BMNH( E) 1999-248, 411089 ( NHM); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, 26.XI.1966, R.W.Taylor, ex rotten log, Johnston Beach, pasture, < 100 ft., R.W.Tayloraccession 66.341, 8629 (handwritten), H.E.Bomans BMNH( E) 1999-248, 408629 (handwritten) ( NHM); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, 21.I.1985, G.F.Bornemissza, Graeme Krake Collection, donated Feb. 2007, COL-86867 ( NMVM); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, 21.I.1985, G.F.Bornemissza, K 187437 ( AMS); 2ƋƋ, Lord Howe Island, 21– 30.I.1985, G.F.Bornemissza( LBC); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, 29.XII.1921, R.Baxter, K 45609(handwritten), K 187441 ( AMS); 1♀, Lord Howe Island, 2–3.XII.1966, approximately 200 feet, old settlement, R.W.Taylor, accession 66.452, exrotten log ( ANIC); 1♀, Lord Howe Island, 28031 (handwritten), K 293080 ( AMS); 1Ƌ, 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, Macleay Museum Universityof Sydney2006 Australia, 11379-a (handwritten) and 11379-b, H.E.Bomans BMNH(E) 1999-248, 411379·1 and 411379·2 ( NHM); 1♀, Lord Howe Island, Macleay Museum Universityof Sydney2006 Australia( LBC); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, A.M.Lea, K293082 (AMS); 1Ƌ, Lord Howe Island, XII.1912, A.Lea, 12778 (handwritten), H.E.Bomans BMNH(E) 1999-248, 412778 (handwritten) ( NHM); 1Ƌ, 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, XII.1912, A.Lea( LBC) and ( GTC); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, A.Lea( QMB); 1Ƌ, Lord Howe Island, 15–17.VIII.1914, R.D.Laurie Collection, British Museum1954-588, number 34, BMNH(E) # 607416 ( NHM); 2 specimens, Lord Howe Island, Australia 1919-46, BMNH( E) # 607414 and # 607415 ( NHM); 2 specimens, Lord Howe Island, XI.1955, J.Balderson F.E.Wilson Collection, COL-85169 ( NMVM); 2 specimens, Lord Howe Island, 31°30'S, 159°04'E, XII.2002, Mr Ushijima& Mr Chikakura, K 293078and K 293079( AMS); 9 specimens, Lord Howe Island, 21.I.1985, G.Bornemissza( ANIC); 2 specimens, Lord Howe Island, 21.I.1985, G.Bornemissza(GBC) and (AKC); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, 10–15.II.1992, G.F.Bornemissza( GBC); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, public jetty, 24.I.1979, T.Kingston, at light, K 187439( AMS); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, Erskine Valley, 18.XII.1923, G.Whitley, K 48848(handwritten), K 293081( AMS); 1♀, Lord Howe Island, Boat Harbour Trail, ( CBCRsite 27), approximately 40 m, 31°33'41''S, 159°05'43''E, 30.XI.2000, C.Reid, under bark Chionanthuslog, K 187446( AMS); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, 800 malong Goat House Trackto Intermediate Hill, 31°33'16''S, 159°05'05''E, 8.XII.2000, on CryptocaryaLHI/GC/L14, C.Reid, K 187444 (AMS); Lord Howe Island, Intermediate Hill, 6.XI.1979, G.B.Monteith, rainforest ( QMB); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, Lower Rd, 31°34'15''S, 159°04'30''E, cliffs just before start of rope traverse, 28.XI. 2000, 75 m, C.Reid, under Cryptocaryabark, K 187445 ( AMS); 1Ƌ, Lord Howe Island, 21–30.I.1965, G.Bornemissza( NHM); 1Ƌ, Lord Howe Island, 3.XII.1966, Nichols’track, in dead wood, E.Britton( ANIC); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, halfway between Rocky Point& Muttonbird Point, on path, 4.XII.2003, L.Meades, K 293077( AMS); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, 11–14.V.2003, rotting Howea belmoreana, Valleyof Shadowsloop track, C.Reid, K 187449( AMS); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, Smoking Tree Ridge, 1.XI.1979, G.B.Monteith, rainforest ( QMB); 1 specimen, Lord Howe Island, rotting Olea paniculata, 100 m into forest path at Soldiers Creek, 11–14.V.2003, C.Reid( AMS).
Distribution. Australia: Australian CapitalTerritory, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Lord Howe Island. Natural history data.According to label data, most adults were collected at mercury vapor lights, mainly from November to January, but there are single records in February, May, August, and September. They were most commonly found in rotten logs, in dead wood, under the bark of rotten logs, or recently cut trees; less frequently in urbanized areas at light, camping areas (Nimboy-Binderay National Park), and picnic areas at mv light (near Bungleboori, I.2011). The elevation ranges from 40 to 800 m. Some data on host plants were obtained from labels, namely Argyrodendron actinophyllum(Malvaceae), in Queensland. Other records from Lord Howe Island are Casuarina(Casuarinaceae); Chionanthus(Oleaceae), under bark log; Cryptocarya(Lauraceae); rotting Howea belmoreana(Arecaceae); rotting Olea paniculata(Oleaceae).
Remarks.Concerning this species, Bomans (1989: 14)wrote that " M.O. de Lisle (1967: 542)a décrit cet insecte d’après un exemplaire unique provenant de l’Ile Lord Howe (N.S.W., Australia). J’ai examiné le type conservé au Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève, et j’ai pu constater qu’effectivement la cuvette oculaire de l’insecte est présente mais entièrement chitinisée. Ce Figulusest donc bien aveugle comme le déclare de Lisle"[M.O. de Lisle (1967: 542)described this insect upon a single specimen from Lord Howe Island (N.S.W., Australia). I examined the type, housed in the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle in Geneva, and I could verify that eye basin of the insect is indeed present, yet wholly chitinized. Therefore this Figulusis really blind as de Lisle states]. Bomans adds that "le C.S.I.R.O. à Canbérra m’a transmis pour identification une série de Lucanides parmi lesquels j’ai trouvé 3 exemplaires de Figulus howei provenant, comme l’holotype, de l’île Lord Howe. J’ai constaté qu’un seul exemplaire est aveugle, les deux autres sont normaux" [C.S.I.R.O. (Canberra) sent me for identification a series of Lucanidae, among which I found three Figulus howeispecimens, coming from Lord Howe Island as the holotype. I verified that only one specimen is blind, the other two are normal]. We examined the holotypefrom Lord Howe Island and several specimens from the same locality and verified that neither the holotypenor the other specimens seem to be really blind. The cuticle covering the eye may be normal or in various degrees thickened, as in other species of the genus, yet ommatides are always visible at the stereomicroscope. We dissected the male specimen labeled " Type" of F. h ow e i, and compared the genitalia with those of F. nitens. We see no significant differences between F. how eiand F. nitens, both in external and in genitalia characters, except for the variability falling within the individual range. Therefore we consider F. howeias a junior synonym of F. nitens( new synonymy). The same situation resulted from examination of external morphology and genitalia structures of the male of F. tambourinensis.The characters given by Mjöberg (1916)to distinguish F. tambourinensisfrom F. nitensas “black head, sculpture of prothorax, and striae of the elytra” are within the range of the individual variability we have seen in F. n i t e ns.Therefore F. tambourinensisis also here considered as a junior synonym of F. nitens( new synonymy).
2882622302
10
457
2882622306
10
457
1324963874
BMNH, E, NHM
Musaeo Mniszech & H. E. Bomans
Australia
Australia
12
459
1
2882622307
1967-10-28
ANIC
P. B. Carne
Australia
Mount Ainslie Australian Capital Territory
12
459
1
AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY
1324963850
1964-03-31
BMNH, NHM
C. G. L. Gooding & C. G. L. Gooding Collection & International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature & H. E. Bomans
Australia
Canberra
12
459
1
Mount Ainslie Australian Capital Territory
1324963882
1960-09-19
ANIC
K. M. L. Key
Australia
Reid
12
459
2
Mount Ainslie Australian Capital Territory
2882622308
1927-01-23
R. Oberthur
Australia
NEW SOUTH WALES
Museum Paris
12
459
1
1
NEW SOUTH WALES
2882622304
1927-01-23
Collection R.
Australia
NEW SOUTH WALES
Museum Paris
12
459
1
1
NEW SOUTH WALES
2882622303
1927-01-23
Collection R.
Australia
NEW SOUTH WALES
Museum Paris
12
459
1
1
NEW SOUTH WALES
1324963858
1947-01-13
R. Calven & H. Hughes & A. Musgrave
Australia
Barrington Tops
12
459
1
New South Wales
1324963876
BMNH, E, NHM
H. E. Bomans
Australia
Barrington Tops
12
459
1
1324963894
1999-01-06
1999-01-15
1999-01-06
ANIC
M. Yee & R. B. Halliday & K. Pullen & K. Hebbard
Australia
-31.90361
Gummi Falls
20
151.46638
Barrington Tops State Forest
12
459
1
1324963880
1990-08-18
BMNH, NHM
Tom Gush & Tom Gush Collection & Macleay Museum University & Sydney & H. E. Bomans
Australia
-34.533333
Belanglo State Forest
1198
150.23334
12
459
1
1324963872
[151,1432,1628,1653]
1999-01-04
ANIC
Mount Belmore State Forest, N
Australia
Busbys Flat
Mount Belmore State Forest
12
459
1
1324963897
1998-12-04
ANIC
D, S. G. Watkins & S. G. Watkins Collection
Australia
Mount Belmore State Forest
Busbys Flat
Rd
12
459
1
1324963859
ANIC
Collection Australian Museum
Australia
Blue Mountains
12
459
1
1324963885
1986-12-19
D. K. McAlpine & B. J. Day
Australia
Mount Wilson
Blue Mountains
12
459
1
1324963863
[526,1165,1772,1797]
1963-01-13
ANIC
Australia
Broulee
12
459
1
1
1324963893
1996-12-10
ANIC
Bungabee State Forest, SE & S. G. Watkins & S. G. Watkins Collection
Australia
Bungabee State Forest
12
459
1
1324963879
1982-10-26
ANIC
Doyen & Lawrence
Australia
Clyde Mountain
Cabbage Tree Creek
12
459
1
1324963891
1996-11-15
ANIC
D, S. G. Watkins, S. G.
Australia
Casino
Cambridge Plateau Richmond Range State Forest
12
459
1
1324963881
1980-02-18
ANIC
M. R. Portor
Australia
Chiswick
12
459
1
1324963878
1996-11-13
ANIC
Fortis Creek State Forest, N & S. G. Watkins & S. G. Watkins Collection
Australia
Fortis Creek State Forest
12
459
1
1324963864
[870,1428,1988,2013]
1969-07
Australia
Prison
Glen Innes
12
459
1
1324963873
[151,976,151,176]
1970-12
ANIC
University
United Kingdom
England
13
460
1
holotype
1324963865
1989-11
J. A. Walker & Insect Collection, K
Australia
Sydney
Gordon
13
460
1
1324963900
1992-08-16
Insect Collection, K
Australia
Sydney
Helensburgh
13
460
1
1324963884
1999-10-25
ANIC
S. G. Watkins & S. G. Watkins Collection
Australia
Bungabee State Forest
Mackellar Range Road
13
460
1
1
1324963892
[318,1432,295,320]
1976-12-05
D. K. McAlpine
Australia
Gosford
Mooney Mooney Creek
13
460
1
1324963875
2000-11-27
ANIC
S. G. Watkins & S. G. Watkins Collection
Australia
Ogilvie Trail
130
Whiporie
Banyabba Nature Reserve
13
460
1
1
1324963913
1925-02-25
ANIC
W. W. Froggatt & W. W. Froggatt Collection
Australia
Sydney
Ourimbah
13
460
1
1324963914
1996-12-26
ANIC
S. G. Watkins & S. G. Watkins Collection
Australia
Pennefathers Road
Casino
Cherry Tree State Forest
13
460
1
1
2882622311
1972-05-06
D. A. Doolan & D. A. Doolan Collection
Australia
Penrose State Forest
13
460
5
1324963904
2000-12-21
Insect Collection, K
Australia
Nymboi-Binderay National Park
Platypus Flat
13
460
1
2882622305
1998-12-07
Girard State Forest, W
Australia
Powerful Owl Reserve
Drake
Girard State Forest
13
460
1
1
1324963901
1970-09-03
1970-09-04
1970-09-03
ANIC
K. R. Pullen
Australia
Port Macquarie
Sea Acres Reserve
13
460
1
1324963917
2011-01-01
Track W & A. Scott
Australia
Sunnyside Ridge Road
Newnes State Forest
Bungleboori
13
460
1
1324963903
1967-12-20
ANIC
W. J. M. Vestjens
Australia
Tarago
13
460
1
2882622309
[258,1089,727,752]
13
460
2882622301
1995-12-04
Australia
Wadsworth Trail
Dingo State Forest
Potoroo Road
13
460
1
1
1324963922
1986-11
1986-12-31
1986-11
ANIC
Collection
Australia
Mount Glorious State Forest
13
460
1
QUEENSLAND
1324963883
22-04-20
NMVM
Mount Tamborine, H. J. & Carter Collection P.
Australia
Mount Tamborine
13
460
1
QUEENSLAND
1324963908
[351,1276,871,896]
NMVM
Australia
Mount Tamborine
13
460
1
Victoria
1324963887
1938-01
NMVM
F. E. Wilson Collection
Australia
Bendoc
13
460
1
VICTORIA
1324963915
1919-01
NMVM
C. Oke
Australia
Launching Place
13
460
1
VICTORIA
1324963902
1945-09-15
ANIC
C. G. L. Gooding & C. G. L. Gooding Collection & International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature
Australia
Moe
13
460
1
VICTORIA
1324963921
1954-09-04
ANIC
C. G. L. Gooding & C. G. L. Gooding Collection & International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature
Australia
Moe
13
460
4
VICTORIA
1324963906
1973-09
ANIC
T. Brown & C. G. L. Gooding Collection & International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature
Australia
Tyers River
13
460
1
VICTORIA
1324963905
1962-05
ANIC
J. M., C. G. L. Gooding Collection & International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature
Australia
Warragul
13
460
1
VICTORIA
1324963890
2003-05-11
2003-05-14
2003-05-11
AMS
C. Reid
Australia
13
460
K 187452
1
1
LORD HOWE ISLAND
1324963895
1965-01-21
1965-01-30
1965-01-21
BMNH, E, NHM
G. Bornemissza & H. E. Bomans
Australia
Collection L. Bartolozzi
13
460
2
Lord Howe Island
1324963888
1966-11-26
BMNH, E, NHM
R. W. Taylor & Johnston Beach & H. E. Bomans
Australia
30
13
460
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963925
1985-01-21
2007-02
1985-01-21
NMVM
G. F. Bornemissza & Graeme Krake Collection
Australia
13
460
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963911
1985-01-21
1985-01-30
1985-01-21
AMS, LBC
G. F. Bornemissza
Australia
Lord Howe Island
13
460
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963923
1921-12-29
AMS
R. Baxter
Australia
13
460
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963899
1966-12-02
1966-12-03
1966-12-02
ANIC
R. W. Taylor
Australia
61
Lord Howe Island
13
460
2
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963947
[623,1406,1412,1437]
AMS
Australia
13
460
1
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963939
BMNH, NHM
Macleay Museum University & Sydney & H. E. Bomans
Australia
Lord Howe Island
13
460
1
1324963920
LBC
Macleay Museum University & Sydney
Australia
Lord Howe Island
13
460
1
1
1324963928
1912-12
BMNH, NHM
Lord Howe Island, A. M. & Lea, K & A. Lea & H. E. Bomans
Australia
Lord Howe Island
13
460
1
1324963910
[411,1226,1591,1616]
1912-12
LBC, GTC
A. Lea
Australia
13
460
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963926
QMB
A. Lea
Iceland
Island
13
460
1
holotype
1324963938
1914-08-15
1914-08-17
1914-08-15
BMNH, NHM
R. D. Laurie Collection & British Museum
Iceland
Island
13
460
1
holotype
1324963930
1919
1946
1919
BMNH, E, NHM
Australia
13
460
2
Lord Howe Island
1324963919
1955-11
NMVM
J. Balderson & F. E. Wilson Collection
Australia
13
460
2
Lord Howe Island
1324963946
2002-12
AMS
Mr Ushijima & Mr Chikakura
Australia
-31.5
Lord Howe Island
1216
159.06667
13
460
K 293078, K 293079
2
Lord Howe Island
1324963907
1985-01-21
ANIC
G. Bornemissza
Iceland
Island
13
460
9
holotype
1324963934
[254,1148,1807,1832]
1985-01-21
G. Bornemissza
Iceland
Island
13
460
2
holotype
1324963909
1992-02-10
1992-02-15
1992-02-10
GBC
G. F. Bornemissza
Australia
13
460
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963942
1979-01-24
AMS
T. Kingston
Australia
Lord Howe Island
13
460
K 187439
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963929
1923-12-18
AMS
G. Whitley
Australia
Erskine Valley
13
460
K 293081
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963941
2000-11-30
CBCR, AMS
C. Reid
Australia
40
-31.561388
Boat Harbour Trail
20
159.09528
13
460
K 187446
1
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963927
1979-11-06
2000-12-08
1979-11-06
QMB
C. Reid & Intermediate Hill & G. B. Monteith
Australia
Lord Howe Island
800
14
461
-31.554443
Intermediate Hill
20
159.08472
Goat House Track
13
460
1
2882622312
1965-01-21
2000-11-28
1965-01-21
AMS, NHM
C. Reid & G. Bornemissza
Australia
Lord Howe Island
-31.570835
Lord Howe Island
20
159.075
Lower Rd
14
461
1
2882622310
1965-01-21
1965-01-30
1965-01-21
NHM
G. Bornemissza
Australia
Lord Howe Island
-31.570835
Lord Howe Island
20
159.075
Lower Rd
14
461
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963912
1966-12-03
ANIC
Nichols' & E. Britton
Australia
Lord Howe Island
14
461
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963918
2003-12-04
AMS
L. Meades
Australia
Muttonbird Point
Rocky Point
14
461
K 293077
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963916
2003-05-11
2003-05-14
2003-05-11
AMS
Shadows & C. Reid
Australia
Lord Howe Island
14
461
K 187449
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963950
1979-11-01
QMB
G. B. Monteith
Australia
Smoking Tree Ridge
14
461
1
Lord Howe Island
1324963933
2003-05-11
2003-05-14
2003-05-11
AMS
C. Reid
Australia
100
into forest path at Soldiers Creek
14
461
1
Lord Howe Island