Xantho minor Dana, 1852a: 169 Brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the remote oceanic Archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, South Atlantic Ocean TAVARES, MARCOS MENDONÇA, JOEL BRAGA DE JR. Zootaxa 2022 2022-06-02 5146 1 1 129 73FMT 2848996 (Dana, 1852) Dana 1852 [151,573,658,685] Malacostraca Xanthidae Microcassiope Animalia Decapoda 68 69 Arthropoda species minor  ( Figs. 37A–F, 38A–E, 39A–C)      Xantho minor Dana, 1852a: 169[ Typelocality: “ Probably Madeira”; possibly the Cape Verdes, v. original description].   Trindade specimens. 1 female( MZUSP 41070), Brazil, off Espírito Santo, Trindade Island, Ponta da Calheta, 20º30’18.72”S, 29º18’31.6”W, J.B. Mendonçacoll.,  25.vii.2018,  15.6 m. 1 male( MZUSP 40847), 1 female( MZUSP 41292), ibidem, Praia do Noroeste, 20º29’46.4”S, 29º20’35.4”W, J.B. Mendonçacoll.  30.vii.2018,  9 m. 1 female ( MZUSP 40845), ibidem,  28.xi.2017,  9.4 m. 2 males, 4 females( 2 juveniles) ( MZUSP 40323), ibidem, 20º29’48.14”S, 29º20’35.21”W, J.B. Mendonçacoll.,  13.ii.2019,  4 m. 1 male, 2 females( MZUSP 41294), ibidem, Enseada da Cachoeira, Farrilhões, 20º31’22.4”S, 29º19’52.0”W, J. M. Mendonçacoll.,  9.vii.2013,  10.4 m. 1 male( MZUSP 41295), ibidem,  4.iv.2014,  12.2 m.  1 male( MZUSP 41296), ibidem, 20º29’52.3”S, 29º19’15.6”W, J. M. Mendonçacoll.,  17.iv.2014,  13.3 m. 1 ovigerous female ( MZUSP 40935), ibidem, 20º31’29.8”S, 29º19’52.0”W, J. M. Mendonçacoll.,  21.xi.2017,  11.3 m.  1 male, 1 female( MZUSP 41297),  1 female( MZUSP 41300), ibidem, Praia da Calheta, 20º30’29.5”S, 29º18’37.0”W, J.B. Mendonçacoll.,  20.vi.2016,  8.2 m.  4 males, 4 females( MZUSP 41092), ibidem, 20º30’18.72”S, 29º18’31.67”W, J.B. Mendonçacoll.,  26.x.2014,  9.9 m.  1 male( MZUSP 41081), ibidem, Enseada Praiado Príncipe, Ilha Sul, 20º31’34.32”S, 29º19’27.98”W, J.B. Mendonçacoll.,  6.xi. 2014,  17.6 m.  1 male( MZUSP 33734), ibidem, Enseadadas Orelhas, 20º29’40.2”S, 29º20’32.9”W, J.B. Mendonçacoll.,  18.iv.2014,  12.1 m.  1 female( MZUSP 33829), ibidem,  1.xi.2014,  12 m . 1 ovigerous female ( MZUSP 33820), ibidem,  21.vii.2015,  15 m . 1 male ( MZUSP 40842), ibidem,  6.xii.2017,  8.4 m.  1 female( MZUSP 33728), ibidem, Enseada dos Portugueses, Farol, 20º29’52.3”S, 29º19’15.6”W, J.B. Mendonçacoll.,  20.v.2014,  13.1 m.  1 male( MZUSP 33819), ibidem,  4.viii.2015,  10 m . 1 female ( MZUSP 40937), ibidem,  4.xii.2017,  12.7 m.  2 males( MZUSP 41032), ibidem, Ponta do Monumento, 20º30’10.3”S, 29º20’36.1”W, J.B. Mendonçacoll.,  30.vi.2013,  19.5 m. Size of largest male: cl 6 mm, cw 8.9 mm; largest female: cl 8.1 mm, cw 11.1 mm.  Comparative material examined.   Microcassiope minor: East Atlantic: Gulfof Guinea, 4 males, 2 females( USNM 170123), southwest of Annobon, 01º28’S, 05º36’E, R/V “Pittsbury”, stn 282,  21.v.1965,  23 m.  Central Atlantic: 1 male( USNM 256635), Ascension Island, English Bay, Rocky Spit, R.B. Manning coll.,  22.v.1971, intertidal pool and rocky shore, some coarse sand bottom [ R. B. Manningdet.].  1 male( USNM 112506), St. Helena Island, Ruperts Bay, 15º55’S, 05º43’W, A. Loveridgecoll.,  18.iii.1960[ R. B. Manningdet.].   Distribution.Amphi-Atlantic. Western Atlantic: Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Curaçao, and Venezuela( Felder et al.2009). This is the first record of  M. minorfrom Brazil(Trindade Island). Central Atlantic: Ascension( Manning & Chace 1990) and Saint Helena( Chace 1966). Eastern Atlantic: from the eastern Mediterranean, Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, Cape Verde, and Gulf of Guinea( Manning & Holthuis 1981, and references therein).  Ecological notes.Shallow waters, usually from shore under stones to depths of 45 m( Manning & Holthuis 1981), occasionally 220 m( Türkay1976). Ovigerous females were recorded from Saint Helenain January and April ( Chace 1966).  Microcassiope minoris very common in Trindade where it was commonly associated with calcareous algae, between 4 and 19.5 m. Its first zoeae stage was decribed by Clark et al.(2004). The variable color pattern is illustrated in Fig. 37A–E.   Remarks.The taxonomy of  Xantho minor Dana, 1852was stabilized by Monod (1956), who clarified that  X. minor(currently  Microcassiope minor) is conspecific with  Xanthodes rufopunctatusA. Milne-Edwards, 1869( typespecies of  Microcassiope Guinot, 1967), and also by Chace (1966)who showed that the western Atlantic  Pilumnus granulimanus Stimpson, 1871a, is a more recent synonym of  M. minor. Guinot (1971: 1076) removed  M. granulimana(Stimpson)from the synonym of  M. minor(Dana)while providing no reasons to support her judgement. Manning & Holthuis (1981)reduced again  M. granulimanainto a junior synonymy of  M. minor. The general aspect of the carapace and first male gonopod of the Trindade specimens agree well with the Ascension and eastern Atlantic specimens (Figs. 37A–F, 38A–E, 39–C). 4985387342 2014-04-17 MZUSP J. M. Mendonca Brazil 13 -20.497862 1 -29.321001 68 69 MZUSP 41296 1 1 Espirito Santo 4985387301 2017-11-21 MZUSP J. M. Mendonca Brazil 11 -20.524944 1 -29.331112 68 69 MZUSP 40935 1 Espirito Santo 4985387341 [656,1060,1111,1137] MZUSP Brazil 68 69 MZUSP 41297 2 1 1 Espirito Santo 4985387357 2016-06-20 MZUSP J. B. Mendonca Brazil 8 -20.508194 Praia da Calheta 1 -29.310278 68 69 MZUSP 41300 1 1 Espirito Santo 4985387309 2014-10-26 MZUSP J. B. Mendonca Brazil 10 -20.5052 1 -29.308796 68 69 MZUSP 41092 8 4 4 Espirito Santo 4985387351 2014-11-06 MZUSP J. B. Mendonca Principe, Ilha 18 -20.5262 Sul 1 -29.32444 Enseada Praia 68 69 MZUSP 41081 1 1 4985387389 2014-04-18 MZUSP J. B. Mendonca Principe, Ilha 12 -20.494501 Orelhas 1 -29.342472 Enseada 68 69 MZUSP 33734 1 1 4985387414 [516,1099,1291,1317] 2014-11-01 MZUSP Principe, Ilha 12 68 69 MZUSP 33829 1 1 4985387373 [1099,1103,1291,1317] 2015-07-21 MZUSP Principe, Ilha 15 68 69 MZUSP 33820 1 4985387431 2015-07-21 MZUSP Principe, Ilha 15 68 69 MZUSP 33820 1 4985387330 [539,543,1327,1353] 2017-12-06 MZUSP Principe, Ilha 8 68 69 MZUSP 40842 1 4985387372 [550,1124,1327,1353] 2017-12-06 MZUSP Principe, Ilha 8 68 69 MZUSP 40842 1 4985387367 2014-05-20 MZUSP Enseada dos Portugueses & J. B. Mendonca Principe, Ilha 13 -20.497862 Farol 1 -29.321001 68 69 MZUSP 33728 1 1 4985387326 2015-08-04 MZUSP Principe, Ilha 10 68 69 MZUSP 33819 1 1 4985387311 [709,713,1399,1425] 2017-12-04 MZUSP Principe, Ilha 13 68 69 MZUSP 40937 1 4985387415 [721,1336,1399,1425] 2017-12-04 MZUSP Principe, Ilha 13 68 69 MZUSP 40937 1 4985387396 2013-06-30 MZUSP J. B. Mendonca Principe, Ilha 20 -20.502861 Ponta do Monumento 1 -29.34336 68 69 MZUSP 41032 2 2 4985387391 1960-03-18 1971-05-22 1960-03-18 R Equatorial Guinea Ruperts Bay B. Manning 23 -15.916667 East Atlantic 1284 -5.7166667 English Bay 68 69 USNM 170123, USNM 256635, USNM 112506 31 2 6 4985387416 1960-03-18 1971-05-22 1960-03-18 R R. B. Manning Equatorial Guinea Ruperts Bay B. Manning 23 -15.916667 East Atlantic 1284 -5.7166667 English Bay 68 69 USNM 170123, USNM 256635, USNM 112506 31 2 6 4985387423 1960-03-18 1971-05-22 1960-03-18 R A. Loveridge Equatorial Guinea Ruperts Bay B. Manning 23 -15.916667 East Atlantic 1284 -5.7166667 English Bay 68 69 USNM 170123, USNM 256635, USNM 112506 31 2 6