Morphology and identification of the mature larvae of several species of the genus Otiorhynchus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from Central Europe with an update of the life history traits Rafał Gosik Peter Sprick Jiří Skuhrovec Magdalena Deruś Martin Hommes Zootaxa 2016 4108 1 1 67 8HM9Q [151,317,1178,1204] Insecta Curculionidae Otiorhynchus Animalia Coleoptera 35 36 Arthropoda genus   Material examined: 4 larvae( Fig. 214). Ith Mountains, southwest of Hannover, in the district of Hameln, Niedersachsen, 350–400 m, 13.10.2011, 2 ex.; dto., 0 1.09.2012, 1 ex.; dto., 26.03.2012, 1 ex.   Remarks about sampling and development.All larvae were received from field-sampling in a beech forest on limestone, at about 350–400 mabove sea level in the submontane climate zone. The larvae were found between the roots of young  Fraxinus excelsiorL. plants, growing intermixed with  Allium ursinumL., which can be recognized by their characteristic subterranean overwintering organs, the longitudinal bulbs. Aswe know there are no data on the life-cycle of this taxon including larval development.   Description( Figs. 100–110).  Coloration.Head dark brown; all thoracic and abdominal segments from dark yellow to brownish; cuticle almost smooth.  Bodymoderately elongated ( Fig. 100). Chaetotaxy: Setae different in length, relatively long, filiform, brownish. Thorax. Prothorax with 4 long and 5 medium long to short prns; and 2 ps,different in length. Mesothorax with 1 medium long prs; 4 pds(ordered: 2 short and 2 long); 1 long and 1 very short as; 1 long eps; and 1 long ps. Chaetotaxy of meso- and metathorax similar. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well isolated, with 5 pda,different in length. Each thoracic segment with 1 short eus( Fig. 101). Abdomen. Abdominal segments I–VIII with 1 short prs; 5 pds(ordered: 2 short, 1 long, 1 short and 1 long); 1 long and 1 very short sps[abd. seg. VIII only with 1 very short sps]; 2 epsalmost equal in length; 1 long and 1 short ps; 1 long lsts; and 2 eus( Figs. 102, 104, 105). Abdominal segment IX with 3 ds, different in length; 1 long and 1 very short ps; and 2 sts,equal in length ( Figs. 103–105). Lateral lobes of abdominal segment X with 2–3 minute tseach.  Headsubglobose (slightly narrowed) ( Fig. 106). Head capsule with 4 long des, des1 and des2 placed on central part of epicranium, des3 located on frontal suture, des5 located anterolaterally; 2 long fs, fs4 placed anteromedially, fs5 located near to antenna; 2 long les; and 1 very short ves. Postepicranial area with a group of 5 pairs of sensilla, frons with 2 pairs of sensilla. Stemmata (2 pairs) feebly visible. Antennal segment membranous, bearing 1 conical sensorium and 3–4 filiform sensilla. Clypeus2.1 times as wide as long with 2 cls,equal in length, placed posterolaterally ( Fig. 107). Labrumabout 1.6 times as wide as long with 3 straight lmsof different length, placed medially or mediolaterally; lms1 shorter than other setae, all lmsexceeding the outline of the labrum; the anterior margin of labrum almost rounded ( Fig. 107). Epipharynxwith 3 finger-like als,different in length; 2 ams,different in length; and 2 very short mes; labral rods (lr) short, reniform, strong convergent ( Fig. 108). Mandible( Fig. 109) bifid, teeth almost of equal height; with 1 short and 1 long mds; internal edge with a triangular tooth. Maxilla( Fig. 110) with 1 very long stpsand 2 very long pfs, placed ventrolaterally; 1 very short mbs, situated ventrally. Mala with 7 dms,different in length and 4 straight vms, different in length. Maxillary palpi with two palpomeres of almost equal length; basal palpomere with 1 mxps; distal palpomere with a group of 6 conical, cuticular processes apically; each palpomere with a sensillum. Praelabiumheart-shaped ( Fig. 110), with 2 very short ligsand 1 long prms. Labial palpi with two palpomeres, relatively elongated; both palpomeres almost equal in length; praemental sclerite wide, well visible. Postlabiumwith 3 pms, different in length; pms2 very long, 2 times as long as pms1 and 3 times as long as pms3 ( Fig. 110).   Differential diagnosis. See “Key to larvae of selected  Otiorhynchusspecies” and Tables 1, 2.