Song & Zhu 1997 : 93 Reconsideration of Xysticus species described by Ehrenfried Schenkel from Mongolia and China in 1963 (Araneae: Thomisidae) Marusik, Yuri M. Omelko, Mikhail M. Zootaxa 2014 3861 3 275 289 7FZQN Schenkel, 1963 Schenkel 1963 [151,537,1562,1589] Arachnida Thomisidae Xysticus Animalia Araneae 5 280 Arthropoda species lesserti    Typematerial. Holotype♂ [examined] with vial label “Anshunfou, P. Cavalerie”, in the species description typelocality is indicated as “Anschun fu, Ganschuen fu” and “Ca 2, Anschun-fu Gantschuen-fu, P. Cavalerie, 1912” in introduction. Modern name is Anshun, Guizhou Province.  Comparative material.  Xysticus kurilensis:  KURILISLANDS: Iturup: 1♂(BMS), IT-98-TWP-010, nr. Usach River mouth, 35 m, ex  Sasa/Alnusleaf litter, 44.469°N, 146.994°E, 29 July 1998(T.W. Pietsch); 1♂4juv (BMS), IT-95-VR-0375B, Konservnaya Bay, 5m, ex wet Sasa-herb litter near beach, 45.332°n, 147.997°E, 31 August 1995(V.D. Roth). Kunashir: 1♂(BMS), KU-97-RLC-002, 4 kmW Yuzhno-Kuril’sk, 5 m, swept in bog meadow, 44.018°N, 145.809°E, 28 July 1997(R. Crawford).   Comments.This species was synonymised with  X. kurilensisStrand, 1907by Song & Zhu (1997), without study of typematerial and without any comments in support of the synonymy. Comparison of the holotypeof  X. lessertiand specimens from Kuril Islands, including males from the typelocality, Iturup Island, revealed that the two names were synonymised incorrectly. The synonymy is rejected here. We provide figures showing differences in thickness of the embolus and in the shape of the tegular apophyses. It seems that the figures of  X. lessertiin all publications by Chinese and Korean authors ( Song & Zhen 1981; Song et al.1999; Chen & Gao 1990; Chen & Zhang 1991, etc.) refer to true  X. kurilensis.It is likely that  X. lessertioccurs only in Central China, while  X. kurilensisis widespread in costal provinces of China.