Caridina togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893a : 156 Caridina togoensis var. stuhlmanni Hilgendorf, 1898 : 35 Caridina togoensis Hilg. var. decorsei Caridina togoensis var. breviatus Lenz, 1910 : 11 Caridina togoensis Hilgd. Caridina togoensis Hilgd. Caridina togoensis Hilgd. Caridina africana Kingsley Caridina africana var aegyptica Bouvier, 1925 : 214 Caridina africana togoensis Bouvier, 1925 : 214 Caridina africana decorsei Bouvier, 1925 : 216 Caridina africana var stuhlmanni Bouvier, 1925 : 217 Caridina africana African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species Jasmine Richard Paul F. Clark Zootaxa 2009 2009-02-04 1995 1 75 8V759 Hilgendorf, 1893 Hilgendorf 1893 [151,596,311,337] Malacostraca Atyidae Caridina GBIF Animalia Decapoda 13 14 Arthropoda species togoensis 8V759 Hilgendorf 1893 [229,375,352,377] Malacostraca Atyidae Caridina GBIF Animalia Decapoda 20 21 Arthropoda species togoensis  ( Figs. 5, 6)    Caridina togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893a: 156; 1893b: 217; Rathbun, 1900: 314; Bouvier 1905, 74; 1913: 464; Schmitt, 1926: 11–17, figs. 1–62; Woltereck, 1942: 279, fig. 12, 13.   Caridina togoensisvar. stuhlmanni Hilgendorf, 1898: 35; De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2l; Gauthier, 1927: 127; J. Roux, 1927: 243–244; 1928: 69.   Caridina togoensisHilg. var. decorseinov. Bouvier, 1904: 131; 1905: 81, fig. 5; Lenz, 1910: 11; Balss, 1914: 97; De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.   Caridina togoensisvar. breviatus Lenz, 1910: 11; De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.   Caridina togoensisHilgd.var. Kasaiensis De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.   Caridina togoensisHilgd.var. Kwamouthensis De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.   Caridina togoensisHilgd.var. Schoutedeni De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.   Caridina africanaKingsley, forme typica Bouvier, 1925: 213, 214, 470.   Caridina africanavar aegyptica Bouvier, 1925: 214; Gordon, 1930: 38, fig. 6.   Caridina africanaforme  togoensis Bouvier, 1925: 214, fig. 472, J. Roux, 1933: 339–340; 1935b: 23–25.   Caridina africanaforme  decorsei Bouvier, 1925: 216, fig. 476.   Caridina africanavar stuhlmanni Bouvier, 1925: 217, fig. 470; J. Roux, 1935a: 241– 248, 1935b: 23–25.   Caridina africana.— Gordon, 1933: 356–358, fig. 4; Barnard, 1950: 661, fig. 123, m, n; Holthuis, 1951: 17–18; Monod, 1968: 1350–1353, figs. 1–4; Magnetti, 1980: 41–46; Hussein & Obuid-Allah, 1990: 71–83, fig. 1–9.   Material examined. Types: TogoBismarksburg, pres. Buttner, Jan/ Feb.1891, ZMB: 8717, 2♂, 1♀ovig., 1♀. The ♂ specimen with a rostral formula of (3) 20/8 is selected here as the lectotype; the remaining typesare paralectotypes.  Non types: TogoMisahohe, pres. Smend, 9. 3.1903, ZMB: 11132, 1♀ovig., 1♀.   GhanaFosu Appiah Rivernear Dwukwa Mfuom village, 15.4.1969, coll. T. C. Rutherford, RMNHD 26099, 23♂, 6♀ovig., 7♀; Lolobi, Volta Region, ca. 7°12'N 0°30'E, 18. 4.1972, coll. M. S. Hoogmoed, no. 248, RMNHD 28709, 3♂, 6♀ovig., 9♀; Rubin Rivernear Brong-Ahafo, 7°56'N 2°03'W, in clear running water, 14.3.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNHD 47772, 1♀; Taïn Rivernear Brong- Ahafo, 7°47'N 2°12'W, in clear running water, 11.3.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNHD 47775, 81♂, 22♀ovig., 80♀; Tano Rivernear Brong-Ahafo, 7°32'N 2°57'W, in clear running water, 13.3.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNHD 47776, 32♂, 4♀ovig., 8♀; Sonko Rivernear Brong-Ahafo, 7°32'N 1°47'W, in clear running water, 14.3.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNHD 47780, 66♂, 1♀ovig., 65♀; small stream near Wenini, Brong-Ahafo, 7°41'N 2°06'W, 2.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNHD 47781, 1♀.   CoteD’IvoireVicinity Abengourou; 3.1949, coll. B. Holas, pres. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire, RMNHD 19459, 4♂, 1♀ovig., 5♀; Yapo bij Agboville, 10.1946, coll. M. De Keyser, pres. Inst. Frang Afr. Noire, RMNH19460 1♀ovig.; Ivory Coast, 1.1989, small stream going through riverforest, bottom with rocks and sand, pH 7, 160–170 ÁS/ampere, turbidity 5–10 JTU, coll. & pres. J. Lahr, RMNHD 39345, 2♂, 1♀ovig., 2♀; ORSTOM, 1.1977, St. Dim Bokro- N121, 3 Corredo, MNHNNa 6147, 2♂, 9♀ovig., 10♀; ORSTOM, St. ComoeFOL EN26, 9.2.1977, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6148, 20♂, 20♀ovig., 29 juv.; ORSTOM, 15.2.1976, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6149, 3♂, 2♀ovig., 13♀; St. Nzi Kong, 10.6.1976, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6150, (dissected parts); ORSTOM, sta. Gite Tomate 25.6.1974, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6152, 2♀ovig., 9♀; ORSTOM, sta. Makaove Boundiale, 16.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6153, 9♂, 12♀ovig., 69♀; ORSTOM, sta. Lekaba 1.1977, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6154, 6♀ovig., 29♀; ORSTOMsta. Kan Amount  LAC, 2.7.1976, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6155, 12♂, 4♀ovig., 9♀, 1 juv.; ORSTOMsta. Yore–Lomia, 24.4.1976, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6157, 2♂, 25♀; ORSTOM, sta. Bandama Seguekele, 30.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6158, 5♂, 5♀ovig., 15♀, 1 juv.; ORSTOM, St. Maraoue, 14.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6165, 1♂, 7♀; ORSTOMsta. OyoLokoho, 17.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6166, 1♂, 1♀ovig., 6♀; ORSTOM, sta. Bade Nov M’Bingue, 30.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHNNa 6169, 1♂, 3♀ovig., 5♀; ORSTOM, St. Afll Badama, 24. 9.1976, pres. Koombaga, MNHNNa 6170, 3♂, 27♀ovig., 13♀; ORSTOMsta. MBE, 25.5.1976, det. GREB, MNHNNa 6172, 3♂, 3♀ovig., 5♀; D’Bouet 1907, RiverBaoule, flow of Basin, MNHNNa 626, 1♀ovig.  LiberiaMatuké, Marigot, 5.3.1948, coll. M. De Keyser and B. Holas, pres. Inst. Franç, Afr. Noire, RMNHD 19463, 2♂, 4♀ovig., 1♀; Bwah Creek, Gbanga, about 100 kminshore from Monrovia, 11.6.1967, fast flowing stream, 0–1.2m, sandy rocky bottom, between leaf litter, coll. T. C. Rutherford, RMNHD 24467, 1♂, 3♀ovig., 3♀; Gwinney Creek, Tchien near border with Ivory Coast, ca. 100 milesinshore, 5.2.1967, small, shallow, slow flowing stream with lots of leaf litter, coll. T. C. Rutherford, RMNHD 24468, 3♂, 1♀ovig., 3♀.  Sierra Leonecoll. T. S. Jones, NHM1955.10.7.2–4, 5♂, 5♀; Jagbewema, Kono district, coll. T. S. Jones, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM2007.462–471, 3♂, 14♀.  Guinea(  C. africanaK. var. decorseiBouvier), Fouta-Djalon, Chevalier, 1906, det. Bouvier, MNHNNa 615, 1♂, 2♀ovig., 3♀; (  C. africanaK. var decorseiBouvier) Rivernear Mpokpo, 1.12.1891, det. Bouvier, MNHNNa 618, 1♂, 1♀; NimbaTorrent Mien near Biealtitude 500m, 24.11.1990, coll. M. G. Lamotte, pres. Huguet, RMNH47931, 1♂, 1♀; Nimba, Marigot Ya; altitude 550 m, 16.11.1990, coll. M. G. Lamotte, pres. D. Huguet, RMNHD 47932, 1♂; Nimba, Marigot Goué (= Gouela) 30.11.1990, coll. M. G. Lamotte, pres. D. Huguet. RMNHD 47933, 1♀.  Senegal Lacde Guiers, 6, 1989, project FAO, coll. J. Laho, det. J. P. Ellis, NHM1991.13.10, 2♂, 5♀ovig., 1♀, 2 juv.; Niokola-Koba river near Niokolokoba, 1.12.1959, coll. Th. Monod, pres. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire. RMNHD 19462, 2♀ovig., 3♀.  MaliDire, in the  Nigerbetween LacDebó and Tombouctou (=Timbuktu), ca. 1934, coll. M. Boudker, pres. H. Nouvel, RMNHD 7881, 14♂, 6♀; Diré near the  Niger, between Lake Debo and Tombouctou (= Timbuktu), 16°16'N 3°24'W, coll. P. Budker, pres. H. Nouvel, RMNHD 34348, 19♂, 1♀ovig., 18♀.  Chad type: (  C. africanaK. var. decorseiBouvier) Chari, RiverGribinqui mission, Dr. Decorse, 1904, MNHNNa 620, 7♂, 2♀ovig., 7♀; (  C. africanaK. var. decorseiBouvier, typefigure Bouvier 1904) Krebedje, Binquetou, Mission Chari, 11.1902, Decorse 1904, MNHNNa 622, 1 specimen, (  C. africanaK. var. decorseiBouvier) Chari, Krebedje Binque ton mission, 11.1902, Decorse 1904, MNHNNa 624, 1♂, 1♀ovig., 3♀; syntype, (  C. togoensisvar. decorsei, Bouvier) Chari, Exchange Paris Museum, 1904, NHM1907.1.7.34–39, 2♂, 1♀ovig., 3♀; non types(  C. togoensisvar. decorsei) Chari River, pres. G. A. Boalenger, NHM1925 3.11.1–4, 1♀ovig., 3♀; (  C. africanaK. var. decorseiBouvier )Fort Archembanll, Mission Chari, 4.1903, Decorse 1904, det. Bouvier. MNHNNa 617 1♀; (  C. africanaKingsley, var. togoensis,Hilgendorf), Avec passagen Bangoran, 10.11.0 3, Chevalier 1904, MNHNNa 633, 2♂, 4♀ovig., 9♀; (  C. africanaKingsley, var. togoensis, Hilgendorf), Pjissilo, 15.4.1908, Dr. Gaillard, det. Bouvier, 1918, MNHNNa 635, 1♀ovig., 1♀; Mission Chari, Decorse 1904, MNHNNa 636, 1♀ovig.; Fort Lamy, Chari River, 15.5.1939, coll. De Flohic, pres. H. Nouvel, RMNH7880, 6♂, 2♀ovig. 2♀; Lake Chadnear Bol, coll. A. Stauch, 10.6.1966, RMNHD 24462: 25 ♂, 15♀ovig., 52♀; Djimtilo, Chari River, 1.1966, coll. A. Stauch, RMNHD 24463, 32♂, 12♀ovig., 80♀; Mailo, basin of Chari River, coll. A. Stauch, 29.1.1966, RMNHD 24464, 6♂, 1♀ovig., 11♀; Djoumboul, Chari River; coll. A. Stauch, 29.12.1965, RMNH24465, 1♂, 5♀; Tarara, Lake Chad, coll. B. Dussart, 12.5.1965, RMNHD 24466, 2♂, 1♀; Chari Rivernear Fort Lamy, coll. M. De Flohic, 15.5.1939, RMNHD 34349, 13♂, 2♀ovig., 10♀; Lake Chad, NHM1973: 665 1♀ovig., 1♀.  Egypt type: (  Caridina africanavar. aegypticaBouvier), Cairo, Brit. Museum, pres. Capt. S. S. Flower 1906, MNHNNa 628, 1♂, 3♀; Nile, Cairo, pres. Capt. S. S. Flower NHM1906.VI.1.10–16, 1♂, 1♀ovig., 8♀; (  C. africana aegyptica) Giza, NHM1922.11.36–55, 1♀; (  C. africana aegyptica) Lower Nile, NHM1927.11.22.53–72, 1♂, 2♀.  SudanKhor Madiba, D. T. Lewis Esq, 20.2.46, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM2007. 472–480, 3♂, 4♀; (  C. africanaK. var. stuhlmanniHilg.) Nomotina, 5.1912, det. Bouvier, MNHNNa 630, 33♂, 15♀, 12 juv.; Shandi, pres. Gurney Esq., 18.2.1914, NHM1950.1.2, 1♀ovig.  Burkina FasoDobo-Dioulasso; 1960–1961, pres. F. Blaise, RMNHD 17324, 4♀ovig., 6♀.  Benin(  C. africanaK. var. decorseiBouvier), Sey, racinu, Borgou,  NigerRambaerits 8.3.1912, det. Bouvier, 1918, MNHNNa 621, 1♂, 5♀ovig., 5♀, 5 juv.  NigeriaChubra Division, pres. I. Sanderson, NHM1938.7.1.53–56, 16♂, 1♀ovig., 46♀; RiverWulgo, pres. R. Bassindale, det. L. B. Holthuis, NHM1954.12.7.85–86, 4♂, 2♀, 1 juv., Mouth of Yobe River, Lake Chad, 1967, coll. A. J. & J. Hopson, det. D. I. Williamson, NHM1967.8.10.8–12, 5♀; Dahomey, Iquidi Riveron the border of Nigeria, coll. R. L. Welcomma, NHM1970.330, 1♂, 4♀ovig., 1♀; Lake Chadarea, Riverat Wulgo, Nigeria, freshwater, 24.12.1949, coll. & pres. R. Bassindale, RMNHD 10219, 1♂, 2♀ovig.; Ox bow lake near River Yobe, 5 mileswest of Lake Chad, coll. J. C. Deeming 9.6.1967, NHM1981.439, 1♀; Shika River, 7 mileswest of Zaria 25.3.72, C. N. Pearson, BIOLSC ABU, Zaria, NHM1981.440, 9♂, 1♀ovig., 16♀.  CameroonJa River, Bitype, Ebolova, NHM1910.11.1.9–18, 8♂, 4♀; Assobam, RiverBumba, Ja River, NHM1910.11.1.21–30, 2♂, 1♀ovig., 11♀; Mamfe Div, pres. Sanderson, NHM1938.7.1.32–40, 25♂, 21♀ovig., 24♀; no location, coll. R. H. L. Disney, det. M. J. Bearman, (from several damaged specimens) NHM1974.695, 5♂, 3♀; Region du N’Tem, Mission, Capit. Cottes 1907, det. Auct, 1918, MNHNNa 614, 1♀; RiviereFaro (Cpl. J. Hippo) 5.1960, coll. Staunch, MNHN NoReg., 1♀ovig., 1♀; Region d’Ouesso, 1.1906, Bassin de N’Goko-Sangha D’graot 1906, MNHNNa 625, 1♂, 2♀; Cameroun, N'Kolbisson; 24.2.1964, coll. & pres. B. de Wilde-Duyfjes, RMNHD 21212, 144♂, 22♀ovig., 42♀, 2 juv.; S E of Ambam, in small brook of the Ntem River, in forest; 2.3.1964, coll. & pres. B. de Wilde-Duyfjes, RMNHD 21639, 20♂, 7♀ovig., 31♀. Kwoemveng, ca. 150 kmS of Ebolowa, 4.3.1974, in shallow brook in forest, clear water, bottom with mud and leaf litter, coll. & pres. B. de Wilde- Duyfjes, RMNHD 21640, 30♂, 20♀ovig., 19♀; Ossidingo, coll. Mansfeld, 20.4.1905, ZMB: 12208, 1♀ovig., 1♀; 30 km Eastof Kirbi, on road to Yaun, Geo de Vanderbilt Af. Exp. 1934, ANSP12654, 24– 25.11.1934, 5♂, 2♀ovig., 77♀and 26.11.1934, 2♂, 2♀ovig., 81♀.   CentralAfrican RepublicChristes de mataluil 16 km. V. Voenbaba go vm n.o.v.n’Dele, wit riviertjie in lava substract, coll. Scheepmalur, 29.12.1985, det. L. B. Holthuis, ZMADe: 103: 725, 5♂, 4♀ovig., 4♀.   Congo Riverluvubu, Uvira, 9.9.1952, pres. G. Marlier, RMNHD 19464, 1♂, 1♀ovig., 1♀; 10 ALuki RiverZaife Tussen, 5°47’N12°53’- 13°17’E, coll. & pres. Mutambu Shango, RMNH37270, 20♂, 2♀ovig., 12♀; Luki Riverbetween 5°30'-47'N and 12°53' 13°17'E, 29.5.1985, coll. and pres. Mutambue -Shango, RMNHD 37271, 20♂, 2♀ovig., 12♀; Rivernear Mpoko, 1.12.1991, Ayborvoki 1086–91, MNHNNa 632, 2♀; Pool, Rosebanda weid 1907, Ruissrau de vessaul dous C. Stanley, MNHNNa 634, 1♂; (  C. togoensisvar. decorseiBouvier), Tuindo Ta assbi can cettes, 1906, Dr. Pavo, det. Bouvier, MNHNNa 937, 28♂, 73♀ovig., 11♀(out of many specimens).  Equatorial GuineaBimfille Fluss, Neben fluss des RioBontio, pres. Tessmann, ZMB: 13590, 8♂, 4♀ovig., 7♀.  Democratic Republic of CongoLuculla River, May 1911, NHM1912.4.2.38, 1♀ovig.; Kasai, Luxemberg Museum, NHM1913.5.23.1–2, 1♀ovig., 1♀; Mbogo, Alt 4200Ft, 15.3.30, Howard de Walden Expedition, 1930, NHM1930.8.29.3–6, 2♂, 3♀; Near Malabunde, coll. J. L. R. Hancock, 24.2.1931, Cambridge Expedition, NHM1934.2.8.106–111, 3♂, 1♀; Sankura river, Luxemberg Museum, NHM1935.6.3.9–11, 4♂, 3♀ovig., 2♀; (  C. africanavar. typica) Albert Nyanza, Ch. Alluad 1909, det. Bouvier, MNHNNa 631, 1♀ovig.; Bambesa, 14.10.1933, H. J. Bredo, pres. Zool. Stutssa Monl. Munchen, RMNH16634, 1♂, 3♀ovig.; Kolwezi, Belgian Congo SAM A10668 1♂, 1♀.  UgandaNear Lake Edward, Cambridge Expedition to the EastAfrican lakes, pres. E. B. Worthington, NHM1934.2.1–105, sta. 512, 1♂, 5♀, 1 juv., sta. 522(1) 5♂, 1♂, sta. 522 (4) 3♂, 3♀, sta. 542, 3♂, 3♀ovig., 1♀; Capt. Pitman, NHM1935.6.26.3, 1♂, 1♀; Arua, WestNile, Kampala, Near Malabunde, Cambridge Expedition, J. L. R. Hancock, NHM1934.2.8.106–111, 2♂, 6♀; coll. & pres. Lord R. Percy, University of Dunham, NHM1952.7.17.14–20, 1) sta. N 96, Mongiro River, Bwamba, 7.10.1951, 7♂, 5♀, 2) sta. 158, where Mongiro Riverflows into mbuga hot spring, 17.10.1951, 3♂, 2♀ovig., 1♀; EastAfrica, Various localities, pres. EastAfrican Fisheries Research Organisation, coll. P. S. Corbet, EAFRO, NHM1958.1.20–1) Jarvis Dam, 23.7.1954, 2♀, 2) Nyenga stream, 3♂, 3♀, 3) no location 1♀, 4) Itesia River, near Bursia, 1♀, 5) Nolocality (35) 16.7.55, 1♂, 2♀, 6) Nolocality (136) 18.4.55, 1♂, 1♀, 7) Sezibwa Falls, Jinja, 26.5.54, 1♂, 4♀, 8) RiverNamugonga, 2♂, 4♀, 9) Bwamba stream, south of hot spring, 21.1.54, R. H. Lowe, 2♂, 9♀; Upper Waki River, Bunyora district, coll. A. McCrae for Dr. I. Gordon, NHM1964.7.10.145, 1♀; Madi, coll. G. D. H. Carpenter, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM2007.501–510, 5♂, 2♀ovig., 3♀; Mongiro Bwamba Trip off Semiliki River, pres. Dr. L. S. Leaky, Corynden Museum, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM2007.481–490, 6♂, 1♀ovig.; Bundibugyo, Ruwenzori, (From swiftly running small stream in forest clearing), 1.9.1952, coll. Dr. G. O. Evans, Arachnida section, NHM, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM2007.511–520, 6♂, 9♀ovig., 15♀; sta. El 180, Muyembe River, Siroko Sector, Mount Elgon, Uganda, coll. & pres. Dr Trefor Williams, 18.1.61, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM2008.3108–3109, 1♂, 1♀.  KenyaChiefly Kenya Rivers, coll. H. Copley 1954, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM2007.491–500 1) Trib. RiverNzoia River, Nyanza Province, 10♂, 1♀ovig. 8♀, 2) Gaula River, Trib.of Nzoia river, Nyanza Province, Kenya, 4♂, 9♀, 3) Lake Victoria, Kenya, 1♂, 2♀; Various Nyanza rivers of EastAfrica, coll. P. J. P. Whitehead, NHM1956.6.1.7–11 1) Lusumu River, Nzoia Riversystem (22 (1) 6) 1♂, 2) Gauca River, Nzoia Riversystem (2 (2) D) 2♂, 2♀, 3) Gauca River, Nzoia Riversystem (3 (2) E) 1♂, 4♀, 4) Gauca River, Nzoia Riversystem (3 (2) E) 1♂, 2♀ovig., 1♀.  AngolaPost do Cuilo, Luitar River, 8°02'S 19°25'E; 3– 4.7.1952, coll. A. de Barros Machado, no. 17376–3, RMNH24470, 3♀; Kunzumbia River, Miss Pocock SAM A6887, 2♀, 2 juv.  ZambiaZambezi River, Chiboboma 2.1956, pres. G. Fryer, NHM1958.1.21.1–2,1 ♀, 1♀(abnormal), Lake Tanganyika, Chilanja, coll. & pres. R. Huddart, NHM1971: 259, 2♂, 6♀; irrigation ditch, Nakambala, Sugar Estat, Mazabula, pres. J. Pollock 29.6.1981, det. J. Richard and P. Clark 2007, NHM2007.745–746 (ex NHM1982.139), 1♂, 1♀; Mulemba River, 12°28'S 30°20'E, 25.10.1998, coll. P. C. Goudswaard, RMNHD 48006, 4♂, 2♀ovig., 12♀; Northof Kawambwa, Mantapala Forest, 9°35'S 29°21'E, in Vlei stream, 6.1.1999, coll. P. C. Goudswaard, RMNHD 48007, 19♂, 1♀ovig., 24♀.  MalawiRocky shore of Lake Malawi, 20.9– 20.11.1974, coll. P. Lamarque and C. Gosset, pres. Y. Therezien, RMNH D 30477, 1♀; Banga River, in basin of Limphasa river, neat mout in Lake Malawi, 30 milesS of N'khata Bay, 11°40'S 34°14'E, 6.1962, coll. D. Eccles, pres. Y. Therezien, no. P., RMNH D 30478, 1♀ovig., 3♀; Rikalanga Riverdie in Lake Chilwa wit mondt op ca. 10 kmvan de visserij school, Malawi, 20.9.– 20.11.1974, coll. P. Lamarque and C. Gosset, pres. Y. Therezien, RMNH D 30476, 5♂, 15♀ovig., 11♀.  MozambiqueZambezi River, Chiboboma, 3.1956, pres. G. Fryer, NHM1958.1.21.1–2, 1♂, 1♀.  BotswanaPopa Falls, Okavango, above delta, 18°07'09"S 21°40'35.2"E, coll. Frank Riedel, 20.8.2007, ZMB29462, 1♂, 10♀; Cuando River, Kwando, Chobe River, Okavango, above delta, 17°47'26.4"S 20°40'39.5"E, coll. Frank Riedel, 21.8.2007, ZMB29463, 2♂, 4♀; Sidudu Rapids, Chobe RiverKasane, 17°46'51.14"S 25°09'55.4"E, coll. Frank Riedel, 25.8.2007, ZMB29464, 3♂, 1♀; Boronyane stream 6m, Eastof Maun 10.9.75, coll. A. Russel Smith, Ecological Survey. SAM A45529, 1♂, 13♀. Locality not known. Probably Cameroon, Geo.Vanderbilt Af. Exp. 1934: ANSP12655, 13♂, 11♀ovig., 11♀.   Description. Total length: 14–35 mm. Carapace length: 4–5.5 mm.  Rostrum( Fig. 5a-h): straight, mostly equal to antennular peduncle or equal to antennal scale rarely shorter than peduncle ( Fig. 5 h) or fractionally longer than scale ( Fig. 5g). 2.5–4 mmin length. 0.6–0.9 × long as carapace. 14–30 (usually 16–24) teeth on dorsal margin arranged to tip ( Fig. 5b, c, f, h) or arranged leaving 0.1–0.45 (usually 0.1–0.3) of dorsal margin unarmed ( Fig. 5d, e, g). 2–5(mostly 2–3) post-orbital teeth ( 1♀ovig. and 1♂ from Equatorial Guinea, ZMB: 13590 had 5 post-orbital teeth). 2–12 (mostly 5–11) teeth on ventral margin arranged to tip ( Fig. 5f) or with unarmed distal end ( Fig. 5e). Tip always pointed. Formula (2–5) 14–30/2–12, mostly (2–3) 16–24/5–11.  Antennular peduncle( Fig. 5i): 0.55–0.7 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.6–0.8 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.3–0.45 × second segment. 6-21 segments, usually 10-12, bearing aesthetascs.  First pereiopod( Fig. 6a): dactlyus 1.0–1.3 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.0–2.5 × long as broad. Carpus 1.5–2.0 × long as broad, anteriorly excavated.  Second pereiopod( Fig. 6b): long and slender. Dactylus 1–1.4 × long as palm of the propodus. Chela 2.2–2.6 × long as broad. Slender carpus, 3.8–4.9 long as broad. Bristle-like setae arranged at tip of chelae of first and second pereiopods.  Third pereiopod( Fig. 6c–f): dactylus 2.3–2.6 × long as broad. Spines on dactylus varying from 6–13 (including terminal spines), mostly 6–10. Propodus 3.5–5.0 × long as dactylus and 12–14.5 × long as broad with 10–13 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.55–0.70 × length of propodus. 3 or 4 spines present at anterior end of carpus, either pronounced ( Fig. 6d, e) as in typespecimens and in specimens from WestNile, Kampala, Cameroonand Lake Tanganyika, or not pronounced. 3 or 4 small spines and large spine arranged along inner margin. Merus with 3 or 4 large spines on posterior margin and 1.5–2.0 × carpus.   FIGURE 5.  Caridina togoensisHilgendorf, 1893, NHM 1938.7.1.32–40, ♂: a) Entire. Syntype MFNB No 8717, ♀ ovig.: b) Anterior region of cephalothorax. ♂: c) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1934.2.8.106–111, ♀: d) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1952.7.17.14–20, ♂: e) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1934.2.8.91–105, ♂: f) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1934.2.8.106–111, ♀: g) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1954.12.7.85–86, ♂: h) Anterior region of cephalothorax; i) Antennular peduncle.   FIGURE 6.  Caridina togoensisHilgendorf, 1893, NHM 1938.7.1.32–40, ♂: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Carpus of third pereiopod; e) Carpus of third pereiopod; f) Dactylus of third pereiopod; g) Fifth pereiopod; h) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod; i) First pleopod; j) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: k) First pleopod; l) Eggs. ♂: m) Second pleopod; n) Appendix masculine; o) Telson; p) Posterior margin of telson; q) Uropod; r) Uropod diaeresis spinules; s) Preanal carina.  Fifth pereiopod( Fig. 6g, h): dactylus 3–4 × long as broad with 45–86, usually 50 to 65 spines. Propodus 12.0–13.5 × long as broad and 2.5–3.5 × long as dactylus with 10–15 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.45–0.60 × propodus length and with small spines along inner margin. Merus, 1.7–1.9 × carpus length, with 3 or 4 large spines and small spines on inner margin.  Setobranchs: 2 on all pereiopods.  First male pleopod( Fig. 6i, j): endopod 0.2–0.3 × exopod length. Appendix interna absent. Stalked, thinly plumose setae arranged around the entire margin of endopod. Setation varying from dense to sparse.  First female pleopod( Fig. 6k): endopod is usually 0.6–0.8 × long as exopod. Rarely, endopod measuring 0.35–0.40 of exopod.  Eggs( Fig. 6l): 45–60, usually of 0.9–1.1 × 0.55–0.60 mmin size but 1.45 × 0.85 mmin typespecimens (ZMB No8717).  Second male pleopod( Fig. 6m, n): Appendix masculina 1.4–2.0 × appendix interna and 0.25–0.35 × endopod.  Sixth abdominal somite: 0.5–0.7 × long as carapace.  Telson( Fig. 6o, p): gently tapering, broad distally, 0.8–1.1 × long as sixth abdominal somite. 4–7 pairs of dorsal spines (including sub terminal spine) present. Tip rounded and bearing 1 pair of plain lateral spines and 3–4 pairs or 7 or 9 long stalked plumose processes that gradually increase in size towards centre.  Uropod( Fig. 6q, r): 8–15 (usually 9–12) diaeresis spinules.  Preanal carina( Fig. 6s): unarmed.   Remarks.Hilgendorf (1893) described  Caridina togoensisfrom Bismarckburg, Togoland, WestAfrica and provided information on rostral dentition as (2–5) 17/6, and size of eggs as 1 mmlong. He differentiated  C. togoensisfrom  C. laevis Heller, 1862by its longer rostrum and from  C. africanaby the longer dactylus on the fifth pereiopod. Later, Hilgendorf (1898)described a new variety of  C. togoensis, namely  stuhlmanni, from Undussuma and Bach bei Undussuma mainly on the basis of fewer teeth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum. While describing  C. togoensisvar. stuhlmanni, Hilgendorf (1898)provided information about the presence of pinnated processes at the hinder end of the telson in  C. togoensisand  C. togoensisvar. stuhlmanni. He noted that in the presence of the pinnate processes at the hind end,  C. togoensisand  C. togoensisvar. stuhlmanniwere closer to the  C. africanathat De Man (in Weber et al. 1897) described from Natal.   Caridina togoensiswas reported by Rathbun (1900), Schmitt (1926)and Woltereck (1942)from  Congoand the Democratic Republic of Congo. Bouvier (1905, 1913) provided distinguishing characters of  C. togoensis.  Caridina togoensisvar. stuhlmanniwas described by De Man (1925)and J. Roux (1927).  Bouvier (1904)described a variety of  C. togoensis,namely  C. togoensisHilg. var. decorsei .Later, Bouvier (1905), Lenz, (1910)and Balss (1914)reported  C. togoensisvar. decorsei .Further, Lenz (1910)described another new variety too, namely,  C. togoensisvar. breviatus .However, based on the study of vast collections from western Coastof Africa and faunal areas to Senegalto Angola, Schmitt (1926)indicated that Hilgendorf’s (1898)  C. togoensisvar. stuhlmanni , Bouvier’s (1904)  C. togoensisvar. decorseiand Lenz’s (1910)  C. togoensisvar. breviatuswere founded on variants that can be placed in  C. togoensisHilgendorf (1893), rather than a continuous series of intergrading forms. Schmitt (1926)aptly described  C. togoensisHilgendorf (1893)as, “ Amuch more variable species than hitherto realized by authors”. He made this remark particularly with reference to the highly variable shape, dentition and length of rostrum of  C. togoensis.However, the broader range that Schmitt (1926)provides for post-orbital teeth, dentition of the ventral margin of the rostrum, the number of uropod diaeresis spinules, and his figure 52 suggest that his samples might contain  C. togoensisand a second new species. De Man (1925)described three new varieties of  C. togoensisfrom Belgian Congonamely,  C. togoensisHilgd.var. Kasaiensis,  C. togoensisHilgd.var. Kwamouthensisand  C. togoensisHilgd.var. Schoutedeni, and illustrated the variation in the rostrum and pereiopods of his new varieties. De Man (1925)dealt with  C. togoensis,  C. togoensisvar. stuhlmanni ,  C. togoensisvar. decorseiand  C. breviatus. It appears that Schmitt’s (1926)comments on the varieties of  C. togoensisare applicable to De Man’s (1925)varieties also, as these are based on normal variations within the species.  In spite of the above variation, the rostrum of  C. togoensiscan be defined as reaching beyond the middle of the second segment of the antennular peduncle and not distinctly overreaching the antennal scale. The tip of the rostrum is always pointed, with the teeth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum compactly arranged with or without a distal unarmed margin, which when present is not interrupted by teeth. The teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum are arranged from the proximal end either to the tip or with with a distal unarmed margin. The rostral formula is (2–5) 14–30/2–12 mostly (2–3) 16–24/5–11. Woltereck (1942)illustarated these variations of the rostrum and the arrangement of teeth on the rostrum of  C. togoensis.    Caridina togoensiswas either synonymised with or identified as  C. africanaprobably because Hilgendorf (1898)indicated that his new variety and species were closer to  C. africanaof De Man (in Weber et al. 1897) from Natal in possessing the pinnate processes at the hind end of the telson. Bouvier (1925)who identified the specimens with the characters of  C. togoensis, as  C. africana, created varieties of his  C. africana,mostly based on the normal variations present in  C. togoensis. Bouvier’s (1925)description of the specimens with the characters of  C. togoensis, as  Caridina africanaKingsley, forme typica,  Caridina africanavar. aegyptica , Caridina africanaforme  togoensis, Caridina africanaforme  decorseiand  Caridina africanavar. stuhlmanni ,probably further paved the way to the identification of specimens with the characters of  C. togoensisas  C. africana Kingsley (1882). Gordon (1930)identified her specimens with the characters of  C. togoensisfrom the lower Nile as  Caridina africanavar aegyptica . Gordon (1933), Monod (1968), Magnetti (1980)and Hussein & Obuid-Allah (1990)identified their specimens with the characters of  C. togoensisas  C. africana. Jean Roux (1935a, b) described  Caridina africanaKingsley, form  togoensisand  Caridina africanaKingsley, form  stuhlmanni. However, in the present study, the typespecimens of  C. africana Kingsley (1882),  C. togoensis(Hilgendorf, 1893)and  C. africana, De Man (in Weber et al. 1897)  C. africana natalensis Bouvier 1925were examined and the identity of the three species established. It is confirmed that  C. africanadescribed by Kingsley (1882), typespecimes catalogued by Sharp (1893)and later examind by Ortmann (1894), is known by the typematerial only from Zululand, and is probably restricted to  SouthAfrica. De Man’s (in Weber et al. 1897) one male specimen is unique in its distinguishing characters, and is here elevated to species level as to  C. natalensis( Bouvier 1925); it is known only from Natal and probably restricted to  SouthAfrica.   Caridina togoensisis distinguished by the following unique characters. The rostrum usually reaches as far as the apex of the antennular peduncle or antennal scale, but rarely underreaches the peduncle or fractionally overreaches the antennal scale. The teeth on the dorsal and ventral margins of the rostrum are either arranged to the tip ( Fig. 5f), or both the dorsal and ventral rostral margins are unarmed distally ( Fig. 5e), or either the dorsal ( Fig. 5d) or ventral ( Fig. 5h) distal margin can be unarmed; there are no teeth at the tip of the unarmed dorsal margin. The rostral formula is (2–5) 14–30/2–12 mostly (2–3) 16–24/5–11. The tip of the rostrum is always pointed. The stylocerite 0.6–0.8 × the length of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.30–0.45 × the second segment. 6–21 segments (usually 10-12) bearing aesthetascs. The propodus of the third pereiopod is 3.5–5.0 × long as dactylus, with 6–13 spines (including the terminal spine); the carpus bears 3 or 4 spines at the anterior end which may be pronounced. The propodus of the fifth pereiopod is 2.5–3.5 × the dactylus length and bears 45–86 spines, but mostly 50–65. The endopod of first pleopod of male is 0.2–0.3 × the exopod length without appendix interna. The endopod of first pleopod of female is usually 0.6–0.8 × long as exopod, but rarely measures 0.35–0.40 exopod length. The eggs are mostly 0.9–1.1 × 0.55–0.60 mmin size and 45–60 innumber. However in the typespecimen the size of the egg is 1.45 × 0.85 mm. The appendix masculina 0.28–0.35 × endopod of the second pleopod of the male and 1.4–2 × the appendix interna. The telson bears 4–7 pairs of dorsal spines (including the subterminal spines), 1 pair of plain lateral spines and 3 or 4 pairs or, 7 or 9 long stalked plumose processes on the posterior margin. The uropod diaeresis spinules are 8–15 (usually 9 or 12) and the preanal carina is plain without spines.    Caridina togoensisis present along the entire  Westcoast, from Angolain the South, the entire Nile basin and extending to Malawiin the East, and from Chadto Botswana. It appears to be endemic to Africa.