Review of the New World genus Acrotaphus Townes, 1960 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), with descriptions of fifteen new species Pádua, Diego G. Sääksjärvi, Ilari E. Monteiro, Ricardo F. Oliveira, Marcio L. Zootaxa 2020 2020-01-09 4719 1 1 62 Padua & Saaksjarvi Padua & Saaksjarvi 2020 [151,787,1052,1080] Insecta Ichneumonidae Acrotaphus Animalia Hymenoptera 47 48 Arthropoda species pseudoamazonicus sp. nov.  ( Figs 176–184)   Diagnosis.This species can be distinguished from all other species of  Acrotaphusby the combination of the following characters: 1) margin of gena behind eyes flat in dorsal view; 2) margin of gena 0.35–0.5× ( 0.5–0.6 inmale) length of eye in dorsal view; 3) posterior ocelli separated from eyes by 0.3–0.5× its diameter in dorsal view; 4) metasoma orange with posterolateral bands in the tergites II–IV, tergite V with distal half and VI+ black; 5) hind leg entirely black, except the base of coxa orange or orange, with apex of coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus black; 6) ovipositor robust, 1.1–1.5× as long as hind tibia.   Description.Female. Body [11.0] 10.5–15.0 mm. Head.Lower face [0.8] 0.75–1.0× as broad as high (from supraclypeal suture to base of antenna), flat, with scattered punctures which bear long conspicuous bristles; head in dorsal view with margin of gena flat behind eyes; margin of gena [0.45] 0.35–0.5× length of eye in dorsal view; posterior ocelli separated from eyes by [0.4] 0.3–0.5× its diameter in dorsal view. Mesosoma.Pronotum moderately long, smooth and polished, with distance from tegula to head greater than [0.4] 0.4–0.5× distance from tegula to hind margin of propodeum; mesoscutum smooth and polished, with notaulus weakly marked; scutellum, in dorsal view, triangular; mesopleuron polished, with fine bristles anteriorly and ventrally; epicnemial carina present ventrally, extending until reaching the level of the lower corner of the pronotum laterally; metapleuron polished, with sparse, fine bristles evenly spaced and with a strongly longitudinal groove in lower part below spiracle; propodeum smooth dorsally, laterally with scattered fine bristles. Fore wing [9.5] 9.5–12.0 mm; cu-aopposite to the base of Rs&M; 2 rs-m[0.65] 0.5–0.9× as long as abscissa of Mbetween 2 rs-mand 2 m-cu; hind wing with abscissa of Cu1 between Mand cu-a[0.85]× length of cu-a. Tarsal claw with basal lobe quadrangular, with claw apex slightly overtaking the posterior margin of lobe. Metasoma.Tergite I [1.5] 1.3–1.9× as long as posteriorly broad; tergite II [1.2] 0.9–1.65× as long as posteriorly broad; tergite III [1.1] 0.9–1.5× as long as posteriorly broad; tergites IV–V [1.0] 0.9–1.4× as long as posteriorly broad; ovipositor robust, [1.4] 1.1–1.5× as long as hind tibia; lower valve with slightly swelling in the base and mid region.  Coloration.Head black, mouthparts orange, except apex of mandible black; antenna brownish. Mesosoma entirely orange. Metasoma orange with posterolateral bands in the tergites II–IV, tergite V with distal half and VI+ black. Anterior and mid leg entirely orange, hind leg black, except base of coxa orange. Wings yellowish; fore wing with apex distal to 2 rs-mblack, and with a black median band extending backwards from anterior margin, just proximal to the pterostigma, right through the 1 stsubdiscal cell; pterostigma yellowish. Ovipositor brownish and sheath dark brown.   FIGURES 176–185.  Acrotaphus pseudoamazonicus  sp. n.: 176, habitus ♀ (holotype); 177, head, dorsal view ♀ (holotype); 178, face, frontal view ♀ (holotype); 179, habitus, ♂; 180, head, frontal view, ♂; 181, tarsal claw, ♀ (holotype); 182, sternite IX, ♂; 183, genital capsule, lateral view, ♂; 184, genital capsule, ventral view, ♂. Scale bars =0.2 mm. 185. Distribution of  Acrotaphus pseudoamazonicus  sp. n.in the Neotropical region.  Male.( Figs 179–180). Similar to female, except body 11.0–13.0 mm; lower face 0.9–1.1× as broad as high (from supraclypeal suture to base of antenna); head in dorsal view with margin of gena flat behind eyes; margin of gena 0.5–0.6× length of eye in dorsal view; posterior ocelli separated from eyes by 0.3–0.5× its diameter in dorsal view; fore wing 10.0–11.0 mm; tergite I 1.3–1.5× as long as posteriorly broad; tergite II 1.1–1.3× as long as posteriorly broad; tergite III 1.0–1.1× as long as posteriorly broad; sternite IX ( Fig 182) longer than high, with lateral and anterior margins strongly sclerotised, lateral margin flat and posterior margin slightly concave centrally, with few bristles widely spaced posteriorly. Genital capsule ( Figs 183–184): Paramere truncated apically, slightly narrower than the parameral lamina, with bristles except in posterior margin; volsellar lamina with spaced bristles medially and apically, except in the inner margin and posterior part and with a set of about four to five bristles in anterolateral region, just below the base of the digitus; cuspis robust with about five teeth aligned in the mid part until apex and with about six few bristles in basal region and spaced laterally on apical region; digitus with teeth on apex, rounded distally and angular ventrally, with the margins of the apical region narrower than base; aedeagus with small teeth on apex and its apex slightly curved downward in lateral view.  Variation.Some specimens have the pronotum with anterior margin blackish; metasoma orange with tergites V+ or VI+ black or orange, with tergites II–IV with posterior margin black; hind coxa entirely black or orange, except apex blackish.   Type material:   Holotype: ♀, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, ZF–2, Km 14, 2°35’21’’S/ 60°06’55’’W,  01– 15.xii.2016, Malaiselarge [model Gressit& Gressit, 1962] in soil ( J.A. Rafael& F.F. XavierF°. leg.), INPA.   Paratypes: Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke, Point4,  28.ix–08.x.2005, Malaise( A.P. Aguiarleg.), ♂, INPA; idem,but, 59°52’40’’S/ 03°08’00’’W,  22.xi–09.xii.2014( Silva-Netoand team leg.), ♀, INPA; idem,but WWF, Reserva1401, Gavião,  10–25.xi.1995, Malaise4 ( Bert Kleincol.), ♀, INPA.; idem, but Reserva1501, Km41,  16–31.x.1995, Malaise trap, ♀, INPA; idem, but Reserva1113, Fazenda Esteio, PDBFF,  02°26’02’’S/ 59°51’15’’W,  iv.1986, ♂, INPA; idem, but  v.1986, ♀, INPA; idem, but ZF–03, Km23, Res.[=Reserva] 1112, 02°26’02’’S/ 59°51’15’’W,  11.ii.1986; ♀, #36557, INPA; idem, but Reserva1301, 02°23’03’’S/ 59°51’15’’W,  12.vi.1985, ♀, INPA; idem, but Reserva1210, 02°22’36’’S/ 59°51’21’’W,  v.1986, ♀, INPA; idem, but Reserva1208, 02°22’34’’S/ 59°52’39’’W,  16.iv.1985, ♀, INPA; idem, but ZF-2, Km14, 2°35’21’’S/ 60°06’55’’W,  15–30.xi.2016, Malaiselarge [model Gres- sit & Gressit, 1962], soil (J.A. Rafael& F.F. XavierF° cols.), ♀, INPA; idem, but  16–31.ix.2016, Malaisesmall near tower, ♀, INPA; idem, but  01–15.ix.2016, ♀, INPA; idem, but  18–21.ii.2004, Light/BL, BLB, sheet,   40 m.height (J.A. Rafael, C.S. Motta, F.F. XavierF° & A. SilvaF°, S. Troviscocols.), ♀, INPA; idem, but  13–16.viii.2004, sheet: light and BLB,  35 mheight ( J.A. Rafael, F.F. XavierF°, A. R. Ururahy, A. SilvaF° & S. Troviscocols.), 2♀, INPA; P. [= Presidente] Figueiredo, AM 240,  Km24, 02°00’46’’S/ 59°49’43’’W,  28.vii–06.viii.2015, Malaise(A. Henriques et al.cols.), ♀, INPA; PA [= Pará], Barreirinhas, Rio Tapajós, x–xi.1970 ( Exp. Perm. Amaz.), ♀, #24418, MZUSP; AC [= Acre], Bujari, FES [=Floresta Estadual] do Antimary,  092001S/681917W,  25.viii.2016, Sweeping( J.A. Rafaelleg.), ♂[with the genitalia extrated], INPA; idem, but Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, 10°04’S/ 67°36’W,  12.viii.2001, Nest trapn° 177 ( E.F. Moratoleg.), ♂, UFAC; idem, but  02.x.2002, Nest trapn°2349, ♂[without head and with the genitalia extrated], UFAC; MA [= Maranhão], Mirador, Parque Est.[=Estadual] Mirador, Base da Geraldina,  27.x–01.xi.2008, Light trap( M.B. Aguiar-Neto& A.L. Costacols.), ♀, CZMA; idem, but Bom Jardim, REBIO,  Res.[=Reserva] Biol.[=Biológica] Gurupi,  01–06.xi.2010, Light trap( M.M. Abreu, J.A. Silva, G.A. Reis& E.A.S. Barbosaleg.), ♂, CZMA; MG [= Minas Gerais], São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo, Estação Ambiental Peti/ CEMIG,  19°53’14’’S/ 43°22’06’’W,  28.iii.2003( A.F. Kumagaicol.), ♀, #1500546, UFMG.   Colombia: Putumayo, PNN [=Parque Nacional Naturale]  La Paya, Cabaña Viviano, Cocha, 0°7’S/ 74°56’W,   320 m., Malaise,  01– 10.ii.2002( R. Cobeteleg.), M.3156 [sic], 2♀, #52276, #52995, IAVH; idem, but Cabaña La Paya, 0°2’S/ 75°12’W,   330 m.,  01–15.vii.2002( A. Moralescol.), M.3321 [sic], ♀, #52275, IAVH; idem, but  15–31.vii.2002, M.3322 [sic], ♀, #52996, IAVH;  Chocó, PNN [=Parque Nacional Naturale] Utría, Centro de Visitantes, 6°1’N/ 77°20’W,   2 m., Malaise,  15–30.x.2000( J. Pérezcol.), M.816 [sic], #52992, IAVH.   Ecuador: Orellana, Nueva Rocafuerte, xi [sic] (M. Cooper), ♀, #2005–152, BNHM; idem, but Yasuni, 00°37’55’’S/ 76°08’39’’W, a.s.l.:  220– 250 m.,  08.ii.1999, Fogging, Lot#2023 ( T. L. Erwinleg.), ♀, ZMUT; idem, but  23.x.1998, Lot#1902, ♂, ZMUT; idem, but Tiputini, 00°37’55’’S/ 76°08’39’’W,  220– 250 m. asl.,  01.vii.1998, Lot#1848, ♀, ZMUT; idem, but Onkonegare, 00°39’25, 7’’S/ 76°27’10,8’’W, a.s.l.:   216 m.,  04.x.1995, Lot# 1188, ♀, ZMUT; idem, but  08.x.1995, Lot#1262, ♀, ZMUT; idem, but  06.x.1995, Lot#1217, ♂, ZMUT; idem, but  22.x.2005, Lot#3073, ♂, ZMUT.   French Guiana:M. [= Montagne] de Kaw,  ix.2002( J. Cerdaleg.), ♀, ZMUT; idem, but Patawa,  vi.2003, ♀, ZMUT; idem, but  ii.2003( O. Morvanleg.), ♀, ZMUT.   Panama: Barro Colorado Is.[= Island],   120 m.,  27.iii–02.iv.1985(H. Wolda), ♀, BNHM.   Peru:CU [= Cusco], La Convención, Echarate, Zonade amortiguamiento de Megantoni, 12°12’43,32’’S/ 72°50’11.98’’W,   663 m.,  22–24.iv.2010( E. Razuri& C. Carranzaleg.), ♂, ZMUT; idem, but Loreto, Maynas, 18 M 500248E/9624121N,   143 m., Bosque de Terrazamedia,  02.viii.2008, Malaise trap( C. Castilloleg.), ♂, ZMUT; idem, but Iquitos area, Allpahuayo, white sand,  24.i–20.ii.2000(I.E. Sääksjärvi et al.leg.), APHI, G1/ 1, ♀, MUSM; idem, but Mishana, varillal,  16.viii–01.ix.1998(I.E. Sääksjärvi& R. Jussila et al.leg.), APHI, B2/ 1, ♂, MUSM.   Distribution. Brazil, Colombia**, Ecuador**, French Guiana, Panamaand Peru( Fig 185).  Biological notes.Two males were found from the nest of the  Trypoxylon( Trypargilum) lactitarseSaussure, 1867 (Crabronidae). See above under the biological notes of  A. franklini.   Etymology.The specific name refers to the similarity with the species  A. amazonicus  sp. n..   Comments.  Acrotaphus pseudoamazonicus  sp. n.closely resembles  A. fasciatus(Brullé, 1846)and  A. amazonicus  sp. n.mainly by having last metasomal tergites black and hind leg orange with femur, tibia and tarsus blackish or hind leg entirely black. It differs from  A. fasciatusby having margin of gena behind eyes flat and posterior ocelli separated from eyes by 0.3–0.5× its diameter in dorsal view (margin of gena behind eyes strongly concave and posterior ocelli separated from eyes by 0.1× its diameter in dorsal view, in  A. fasciatus), differs from  A. amazonicus  sp. n.by having margin of gena behind eyes flat (margin of gena behind eyes concave, in  A. amazonicus sp. n.). 2545462706 2016-12-01 2016-12-15 2016-12-01 BRAZIL, INPA Malaise & Gressit & J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier -2.5891666 21 -60.115276 49 50 1 1 holotype 2545462634 2005-09-28 2005-10-08 2005-09-28 INPA Malaise & A. P. Aguiar Brazil Amazonas Reserva Ducke Manaus 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462721 [151,1158,764,792] 2014-11-22 2014-12-09 2014-11-22 INPA Silva-Neto Brazil Amazonas -59.877777 Reserva Ducke 17 -3.1333334 Manaus 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462677 1995-11-10 1995-11-25 1995-11-10 INPA Malaise & Bert Klein Brazil Amazonas -59.877777 Gaviao 17 -3.1333334 Reserva 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462669 1995-10-16 1995-10-31 1995-10-16 INPA Malaise & Bert Klein Brazil Amazonas -59.877777 Km 17 -3.1333334 Reserva 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462830 [427,989,837,863] 1995-10-16 1995-10-31 1995-10-16 PDBFF Reserva & Fazenda Esteio Brazil Amazonas -59.877777 Km 17 -3.1333334 Reserva 49 50 1 paratype 2545462671 1986-04 INPA Brazil -2.433889 21 -59.854164 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462742 [232,550,873,899] 1986-05 INPA Brazil -2.433889 21 -59.854164 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462656 1986-02-11 INPA Brazil -2.433889 Res. 21 -59.854164 Km 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462642 [493,1318,908,935] 1985-06-12 INPA Brazil -2.3841665 Reserva 21 -59.854164 Km 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462666 1986-05 INPA Brazil -2.3766668 Reserva 21 -59.85583 Km 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462658 1985-04-16 INPA Brazil -2.3761113 Reserva 21 -59.8775 Km 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462719 2016-11-15 2016-11-30 2016-11-15 INPA Malaise & Gressit & Rafael & Xavier Brazil -2.5891666 Km 21 -60.115276 Km 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462668 2016-09-16 2016-09-31 2016-09-16 INPA Malaise Brazil -2.5891666 Km 21 -60.115276 Km 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462733 [343,737,1052,1079] 2016-09-01 2016-09-15 2016-09-01 INPA Malaise Brazil -2.5891666 Km 21 -60.115276 Km 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462713 2004-02-18 2004-02-21 2004-02-18 INPA Light & Rafael & C. S. Motta & F. F. Xavier & Silva & Trovisco Brazil 40 -2.5891666 Km 21 -60.115276 Km 49 50 41 1 paratype 2545462626 2004-08-13 2004-08-16 2004-08-13 R, INPA J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier & Ururahy, A & Silva & Trovisco Brazil 35 -2.5891666 Km 21 -60.115276 Km 49 50 2 2 paratype 2545462728 AM Presidente & Figueiredo Brazil 49 50 AM 240 1 paratype 2545462657 2015-07-28 2015-08-06 2015-07-28 INPA Malaise & Henriques Brazil -2.0127778 Km 21 -59.82861 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462761 MZUSP, AC Barreirinhas & Exp. Perm. Amaz. Brazil Rio Tapajos 49 50 1 1 Para paratype 2545462692 01-09-20 2016-08-25 01-09-20 INPA Sweeping & J. A. Rafael Brazil Antimary Bujari 49 50 1 1 Acre paratype 2545462662 2001-08-12 2016-08-25 01-09-20 UFAC E. F. Morato Brazil -10.066667 Reserva Catuaba 1298 -67.6 Senador Guiomard 49 50 1 1 Acre paratype 2545462718 2002-10-02 2016-08-25 01-09-20 UFAC E. F. Morato Brazil -10.066667 Reserva Catuaba 1298 -67.6 Senador Guiomard 49 50 1 1 Acre paratype 2545462740 2008-10-27 2008-11-01 2008-10-27 CZMA M. B. Aguiar-Neto & A. L. Costa Brazil Mirador Mirador Parque Est. 49 50 1 1 Maranhao paratype 2545462674 2008-10-27 2008-11-01 2008-10-27 REBIO Bom Jardim Brazil Mirador Mirador Parque Est. 49 50 1 Maranhao paratype 2545462695 2010-11-01 2010-11-06 2010-11-01 CZMA, MG M. M. Abreu & J. A. Silva & G. A. Reis & E. A. S. Barbosa Brazil Res. Gurupi Biol. 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462635 CEMIG Brazil Estacao Ambiental Peti Sao Goncalo do Rio Abaixo 49 50 1 Minas Gerais paratype 2545462705 [308,1231,1484,1512] 2003-03-28 UFMG A. F. Kumagai Brazil -19.887222 21 -43.368332 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462633 2002-02-01 2002-02-10 2002-02-01 R, IAVH Cobete Colombia La Paya 320 -0.11666667 Cabana Viviano 1308 -74.933334 La Paya 49 50 322 2 Putumayo paratype 2545462685 2002-07-01 2002-07-15 2002-07-01 IAVH A. Morales Colombia La Paya 330 -0.033333335 Cabana La Paya 1308 -75.2 La Paya 49 50 331 1 Putumayo paratype 2545462646 2002-07-15 2002-07-31 2002-07-15 IAVH A. Morales Colombia La Paya 330 -0.033333335 Cabana La Paya 1308 -75.2 La Paya 49 50 1 1 Putumayo paratype 2545463040 2000-10-15 2000-10-30 2000-10-15 IAVH J. Perez Colombia Choco 2 6.016667 Centro de Visitantes 1305 -77.333336 Utria 49 50 2 paratype 2545462763 BNHM Nueva Rocafuerte & Cooper Ecuador Orellana 49 50 1 1 Orellana paratype 2545462732 1999-02-08 T, ZMUT Fogging & Lot & L. Erwin Ecuador 235 -0.6319445 Yasuni 21 -76.144165 49 50 251 1 Orellana paratype 2545462738 [721,1214,1737,1763] 1998-10-23 ZMUT Lot Ecuador 235 -0.6319445 Yasuni 21 -76.144165 49 50 1 1 Orellana paratype 2545462741 1998-07-01 ZMUT Lot Ecuador 235 -0.6319445 Tiputini 21 -76.144165 49 50 251 1 Orellana paratype 2545462683 1995-10-04 ZMUT Lot Ecuador 216 -0.6571389 Onkonegare 1 -76.452995 49 50 217 1 Orellana paratype 2545462667 [942,1433,1808,1835] 1995-10-08 ZMUT Lot Ecuador 216 -0.6571389 Onkonegare 1 -76.452995 49 50 1 1 Orellana paratype 2545462660 [151,661,1844,1871] 1995-10-06 ZMUT Lot Ecuador 216 -0.6571389 Onkonegare 1 -76.452995 49 50 1 1 Orellana paratype 2545462628 [676,1185,1844,1871] 2005-10-22 ZMUT Lot Ecuador 216 -0.6571389 Onkonegare 1 -76.452995 49 50 1 1 Orellana paratype 2545462639 2002-09 ZMUT de Kaw & J. Cerda French Guiana Montagne 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462672 [804,1232,1881,1907] 2003-06 ZMUT de Kaw & J. Cerda French Guiana Patawa 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462680 2003-02 ZMUT O. Morvan French Guiana Patawa 49 50 1 1 paratype 2545462720 1985-03-27 1985-04-02 1985-03-27 BNHM Barro Colorado Is. & Wolda Panama 120 Island 49 50 121 1 paratype 2545462678 2010-04-22 2010-04-24 2010-04-22 ZMUT E. Razuri & C. Carranza Peru La Convencion 663 -12.212033 Zona 1 -72.83666 Echarate 49 50 664 1 Cusco paratype 2545462690 2008-08-02 2010-04-24 2010-04-22 ZMUT C. Castillo Peru La Convencion 143 50 51 -12.212033 Bosque de Terraza 1 -72.83666 Maynas 49 50 144 1 Loreto paratype 2545462645 [151,1276,189,216] 2000-01-24 2000-02-20 2000-01-24 APHI Saaksjarvi Peru La Convencion 143 -12.212033 Allpahuayo 1 -72.83666 Iquitos area 50 51 G1 1 Loreto paratype 2545462661 [1286,1432,189,215] MUSM Peru 50 51 1 1 paratype 2545462696 [151,1246,225,252] 1998-08-16 1998-09-01 1998-08-16 R, APHI Saaksjarvi & Jussila Peru Mishana 50 51 B2 1 paratype 2545462724 [1256,1402,225,251] MUSM Peru 50 51 1 1 paratype