Verbenaceae in Espírito Santo, Brazil: richness, patterns of geographic distribution and conservation Cardoso, Pedro Henrique Valério, Vanessa Imaculada Dos Reis Neto, Luiz Menini Salimena, Fátima Regina Gonçalves Phytotaxa 2021 2021-02-15 484 1 1 43   10.2.  Stachytarpheta cayennensis(Richard) Vahl (1804: 208). (Figs. 3B, 7E) Herbs 0.3‒1.2 mhigh, branches tetragonal, not winged, pubescent in both opposite faces, glabrescent in the other two. Leaves opposite, petiole 0.4‒1.4 cmlong, blade 2.6‒8.1 × 1.3‒4 cm, chartaceous, ovate or oblong, apex acute, base attenuate, decurrent, nectaries near the base, margin entire near the base, crenate-serrate toward the apex, ciliate, adaxial surface puberulous to pubescent, abaxial surface pubescent. Inflorescences 9‒30 cmlong, lax; bracts 3‒5 mmlong, lanceolate, abaxial surface glabrescent, margin ciliate; calyx 3‒5.6 mmlong, immersed in the depressions of the rachis, 4-toothed, 1 sinus adaxial, externally pubescent; corolla 5‒7.5 mmlong, white or lilac. Fruit 3‒3.5 mmlong, surrounded by the persistent calyx.   Distribution and habitat:—  Stachytarpheta cayennesisis widely distributed throughout the North America and South America, and is found in all the Brazilian regions, being considered a ruderal species ( Lorenzi 1991, Aktins 2005, Cardoso & Salimena 2020c). In Espírito Santo, it was found in restinga, inselberg, and dense rainforest, often in disturbed areas. This species occurs in the following SPAs of this state: Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Parque Estadual de Mata das Flores, Reserva Natural da Vale, and Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi.  Phenology:—Collected with flowers and fruits along all the year.  Preliminary conservation assessment:—This is a ruderal species, presents wide distribution ( Lorenzi 1991, Aktins 2005), and was recorded inside PAs in South America. Considered “Least Concern” (LC) ( IUCN 2019).  Selected material:—   BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Alfredo Chaves,  7 February 1999, fl.,  B. L .   Stannardet al. 1001( K, SPF); Anchieta,  18 November 1987, fr.,  J. M. L .   Gomes271( CESJ, VIES); Alegre,  28 January 2009, fl. and fr.,  V. C .   Manhãeset al. 203( MBML); Barra de São Francisco,  21 November 2000, fl.,  L .   Kollmannet al. 3283( CESJ, MBML); Castelo, Parque Estadual de Mata das Flores,  17 March 2014, fl.,  T. T .   Carrijoet al. 2055( VIES); Conceição da Barra,  10 June 1992, fl. and fr.,  O. J .   Pereira3520( VIES); Divino de São Lourenço, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 2007, fl.,  T .   Chimallis.n.( CESJ 65364, VIES 27816); Guarapari,  1 December 2013, fr.,  A. C. S. Dalcol&  J .   Rodrigues Filho219( CESJ, VIES); Linhares, Reserva Natural da Vale,  26 April 2011, fl. and fr., D. F .   Limaet al. 155( CESJ, ESA); Mimoso do Sul,  20 April 2010, D. R .   Couto1580( VIES); Nova Venécia,  25 March 2010, fl.,  A. M .   Assiset al. 2434( CESJ, MBML); Santa Leopoldina,  13 April 2008, fl. and fr.,  M .   Simonelliet al. 1517( MBML); Santa Maria de Jetibá,  8 November 2008, fl.,  T. S .   Lorenciniet al. 93( CESJ, VIES); Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi,  27 November 2001, fl.,  L .   Kollmann&  E .   Bausen5032( CESJ, MBML); São Mateus,  25 August 1996, fr.,  M. C. F .   Jesus72( CESJ, VIES); Vila Velha,  1 March 2012, fr.,  P. H .   D. Barroset al. 81( CESJ, VIES); Viana,  28 June 2010, fl.,  P. T .   Neves41( CESJ, MBML), Vitória,  17 February 1981, fr.,  T. B. J .  Pires s.n.( CESJ 27022).  Notes:—  Stachytarpheta cayennensisis characterized by the branches pubescent in two opposite faces and glabrescent in the other two; leaf blade with nectaries near the base, pubescent abaxial surface; 4-toothed calyx with a long adaxial sinus, externally pubescent and white or lilac corolla, shorter than 1 cm. It is similar to  S. polyura, a species not found in Espírito Santo, and according Atkins (2005)can be differentiated by the presence of 4-toothed calyx with a long adaxial sinus ( vs.5-toothed calyx and adaxial sinus absent or small in  S. polyura).  Stachytarpheta cayennesisalso is similar to  S. restingensis, but this species present glabrous to puberulous branches; glabrous calyx, and corolla longer than 1 cm. Illustrations in Cardoso et al.(2018b) [433,1208,374,401] 1999-02-07 B, L Alfredo Chaves Brazil Espirito Santo 30 31 1 Espirito Santo 1987-11-18 K, SPF, J, M, L Stannard Brazil Anchieta 30 31 1 Espirito Santo 2009-01-28 CESJ, VIES, V, C Gomes Brazil Alegre 30 31 1 Espirito Santo [191,1112,446,473] 2000-11-21 MBML, L Manhaes Brazil Barra de Sao Francisco 30 31 1 Espirito Santo 2014-03-17 CESJ, MBML, T Kollmann Brazil Mata das Flores Castelo 30 31 1 Espirito Santo 1992-06-10 VIES, O, J Carrijo Brazil Conceicao da Barra 30 31 1 Espirito Santo VIES, T Pereira Brazil Parque Nacional do Caparao Divino de Sao Lourenco 30 31 1 Espirito Santo [270,1326,554,581] 2013-12-01 A, C, S, J Chimalli & Guarapari & Dal Brazil 30 31 CESJ 65364, VIES 27816 1 Espirito Santo 2011-04-26 CESJ, VIES, F Rodrigues Filho Brazil Reserva Natural da Vale Linhares 30 31 1 Espirito Santo 2010-04-20 CESJ, ESA, R Lima Brazil Mimoso do Sul 30 31 1 Espirito Santo [634,1318,626,653] 2010-03-25 VIES, A, M Couto Brazil Nova Venecia 30 31 1 Espirito Santo 2008-04-13 CESJ, MBML, M Assis Brazil Santa Leopoldina 30 31 1 Espirito Santo 2008-11-08 MBML, T, S Simonelli Brazil Santa Maria de Jetiba 30 31 1 Espirito Santo 2001-11-27 CESJ, VIES, L Lorencini Brazil Reserva Biologica Augusto Ruschi Santa Teresa 30 31 1 Espirito Santo [445,617,734,760] E Kollmann Brazil 30 31 1 Espirito Santo [629,1448,734,761] 1996-08-25 CESJ, MBML, M, C, F Bausen Brazil Sao Mateus 30 31 1 Espirito Santo [136,793,770,796] 2012-03-01 CESJ, VIES, P, H Jesus Brazil Vila Velha 30 31 1 Espirito Santo 2010-06-28 CESJ, VIES, P, T D. Barros Brazil Viana 30 31 1 Espirito Santo [184,890,806,833] 1981-02-17 CESJ, MBML, T, B, J Neves Brazil Vitoria 30 31 1 Espirito Santo [901,1173,806,832] CESJ Brazil 30 31 CESJ 27022 1 Espirito Santo