Descriptions of larvae of three Philopotamidae species from China (Insecta, Trichoptera) Hu, Yan-Li Tsring, Samten Wang, Bei-Xin Sun, Chang-Hai Zootaxa 2020 2020-02-10 4731 4 509 521 7S7ZM Malicky 1993 Malicky 1993 [151,531,1835,1862] Insecta Philopotamidae Chimarra Animalia Trichoptera 1 510 Arthropoda species sadayu  ( Figs 2A–3E)  Description. Larvae (5th instar).Body length 8–10 mm(n = 5), membranous body in alcohol white with head and pronotum yellowish brown ( Fig. 2A).   FIGURE 1.COI neighbor-joining diagram used to determine larva-male associations of Chinese Philopotamidaespecies. M. = male; L. = larva.  Head. Head capsule yellowish brown, smooth; in dorsal view somewhat elongate-elliptical, length about 2 times width, with posterior margin rounded ( Fig. 2B); frontoclypeal apotome ( Fig. 2C) with anterior margin dark brown in colour, apex asymmetrically bilobed, left lobe with anterolateral margin equaling inner margin in length, while right lobe with anterolateral margin longer than inner margin ( Fig. 2C); setae no. 1 and setae no. 2 equal in length, setae no. 3 shortest; setae no. 4 located at anterolateral angle, each with length equal to distance between setae no. 1 and no. 4; setae no. 5 long, located anterior to tentorial pits. In lateral view ( Fig. 2D), head capsule subrectangular, smooth, with posterior margin notched and darkly spotted at notch; setae no. 13 situated on anterior half of head capsule. In ventral view head capsule subrectangular ( Fig. 2E), with posterior margin concave, paired setae no. 18 centrally located on each side; anterior ventral apotome triangular, with anterior margin slightly concave. Eyes ( Fig. 2A, 2B, 2D) oval, black, surrounded by faint yellow halo. Antennae ( Fig. 2H) unusual, located on small light areas just behind bases of mandibles, each supporting two long and thin clavate spines of equal length and three short setae. Labrum ( Fig. 2F) T-shaped, white, membranous; transverse distal portion rod-like, transparent, edged with dense setae, notched mesally, its anterolateral margins each having tuft of bristles curved anterad; stalk of labrum strong, lateral margins constricted at base. Mandibles ( Figs. 2G 1, 2G2) of same colour as head or slightly darker; each with outer margin arched, bearing two basolateral bristles; in dorsal view with broad projection 1/3 distance from base (more prominent on left mandible), with serration 3/4 distance from base, small tooth in subapical recess, apex acute. Maxillae each with cardo cup-like in ventral view ( Fig. 2H), outer apical angle with one long seta, inner apical angles acute and produced mesad; stipes membranous, with dark oblique elongate sclerite; palpifer large, subrectangular in ventral view, with anterior margin having one subapical seta; maxillary palp four-segmented, first and fourth segments subequal in length, shorter than second and third segments subequal in length. Galea ( Fig. 2H) triangular in ventral view, each with inner margin bearing 2 tufts of fine bristles sub-basally and subapically and with apex bearing three strong bristles. Labium in ventral view ( Figs. 2E, 2H) with submentum trapezoidal, having one seta near each anterolateral angle; mentum not sclerotized, trapezoidal; labial part proper in lateral view ( Figs. 2A, 2D) tongue-like, with apex depressed, in ventral view ( Figs. 2E, 2H) elliptical, ventral rods each elongate-elliptical, palpifer arched, labial palpi each 2-segmented, first segment cylindrical, second one triangular.  Thorax. Pronotum ( Figs. 3A, 3B) yellow in colour, strongly sclerotized, in dorsal view subrectangular, longer than wide, with posterior margin black and notched mesally; anterior 1/3 with shallow transverse depression, posterior 1/5 with deep and broad transverse depression; posterior parts of lateral margins each with narrow black stripe just above its forecoxa, not connecting with aforementioned broad black posterior border ( Fig. 3B); each anterior angle with scattered setae of varied length, each lateral margin with 1 small seta just above its forecoxa, middle portion having three setae on each side with two pairs of anterior setae much longer than posterior pair. Proepisternum elongate-triangular in lateral view, with lower and anterior margins black, anterior margin slightly concave; proepimeron triangular, yellow, with lower margin deeply concave. Foretrochantin ( Fig. 3B) slender, progressively enlarged from base to subapex, with distal 1/3 suddenly narrowed. Meso- and metanota ( Fig. 2A) unsclerotized, white in colour; meso- and metaepisternum somewhat triangular, mes- and metepimera semicircular.  Legs. Legs ( Fig. 3C1–3C3, 3D) yellowish brown and sclerotized, with few scattered bristles on coxae, femora, and tibiae. Forelegs strongest, hind legs smallest. Forecoxae cylindrical ( Fig. 3C 1), each with apex obliquely truncate, sclerotized seta-bearing process tubular, tapering from base to apex, slightly curved laterad, with subapex having one small hair dorsally; trochanter 2-segmented, first segment trapezoidal, second one triangular; femur with base obliquely truncate in lateral view, progressively enlarged from base to apex; tibia cylindrical, about half as long as femur; tarsus slender, slightly longer than tibia, tapering from base to apex, with row of short spine-like setae ventrally ( Fig. 3D); claw small but well developed, slightly curved downwards and with conspicuous basal seta-bearing process. Mid- and hind legs similar to forelegs in overall morphology, but their coxae slightly longer than in forelegs, and lacking seta-bearing processes; femora, tibiae and tarsi slightly shorter than in forelegs, tarsi each without ventral row of spine-like setae.   FIGURE 2.  Chimarra sadayu Malicky 1993, larva. 2A, habitus, right lateral; 2B, head, dorsal; 2C, frontoclypeal apotome, dorsal; 2D, head, right lateral; 2E, head, ventral; 2F, labrum, dorsal; 2G1, left mandible, dorsal; 2G2, right mandible, dorsal; 2H, maxilla and labium, ventral. 1–18 = setae 1–18.  Abdomen. Abdominal segments I–IX white, with sparse short setae on each surface. No lateral fringe present; segment IX in dorsal view with posterior margin concave, with 5 single apicodorsal anal papillae ( Fig. 2A). Anal prolegs ( Fig. 3E) unsclerotized basally, sclerotized distally; anal claws in lateral viewe each with base strong and sharp, apices curved downwards at 90 degrees, each with dorsal margin having 3 small basodorsal setae.    Materialsexamined.  CHINA, Zhe-jiang Province, Lin-an,   Tianmu Mountains:1 larva, Xi-shan-wu, 30.2797°N, 119.4922°E, Alt.  219.3 m,  10 Oct 2017; 3 larvae, Che-shui-wu, 30.3558°N, 119.4522°E, Alt. 503.9 m;  Hu-zhou, An-ji   County: 5 larvae, Dong-wu-cun, 30.4656°N, 119.5781°E, Alt.  348.7 m, 13 Oct 2017.10  Oct 2017; 1 larva, Shui-wu-li, 30.3550°N, 119.5958°E, Alt.  230 m,  12 Oct 2017; collected by Yan-li Hu, Yu Wang & Lang Peng.  Jin-hua,   Pujiang County: 2 larvae, Tai-tou-wan, 29.4561°N, 119.7517°E, Alt.  137 m,  30 Aug 2017, collected by Lei Zhang and Cong Wu.   Long-quan: 17 larvae, 28.1596°N, 118.8527°E, Alt.  484.96 m, collected by Yan-li Hu, Cong Wuand Jin Gao.  Ning-bo, Yu-yao county,   Siming Mountain National Forest Park: 2 males, Shen-hu, 29.7271°N, 121.0776°E, Alt.  851.94 m,  2 Aug 2016, collected by Ji-hua Xu.   Distribution. China( Zhejiang, Fujian). 2564831157 [463,694,152,179] China Zhe 4 513 1 Zhe 2564831151 2017-10-10 China 219 30.2797 Alt. 6 119.4922 4 513 1 Tianmu Mountains 2564831153 2017-10 China 349 30.4656 County 6 119.5781 4 513 5 5 County 2564831158 [223,1019,260,287] 2017-10-12 China 230 30.355 Alt. 6 119.5958 4 513 1 County 2564831150 [395,1432,296,323] 2017-08-30 China 137 29.4561 Pujiang County 6 119.7517 4 513 2 2 Pujiang County 2564831154 Yan-li Hu & Cong Wu & Jin Gao. China 485 28.1596 Long-quan 6 118.8527 4 513 17 17 Long-quan 2564831152 2016-08-02 China 852 29.7271 Shen-hu 6 121.0776 4 513 2 2 Siming Mountain National Forest Park